Passage unit in the building envelope for natural lighting systems

Abstract

This utility model relates to penetration elements of building envelope structures for the installation of light-conducting systems. A penetration assembly in a building envelope for light-conducting systems comprises a housing configured for mounting on a supporting base and connecting sections for attaching a light shaft. The housing comprises an apron configured for mating with the supporting base coating and a waterproofing layer. A light-transmitting thermal break unit is located within the housing, configured to divide the light shaft into outer and inner portions. The penetration assembly is configured with an upper connecting section for attaching the outer light shaft and a lower connecting section for attaching the inner light shaft, and comprises fastening elements configured to secure the light-receiving unit.The technical result of the solution consists in increasing the efficiency of the design of the light-conducting system by ensuring the energy efficiency of the passage unit through which the said system is mounted.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of construction and lighting engineering, namely to passage elements of building enclosing structures for the installation of light-conducting systems used in industrial, warehouse, public and other buildings.

[0002] Various technical solutions are known from the prior art, in which the passage unit (flashing, base) of the light-conducting system is made either as part of a single light-receiving product consisting of a light-receiving box, passage and light shaft, or as roof or wall penetrations (cuffs) without thermal break elements and without structural decoupling of light shafts, taking into account the thermal protection requirements of the building.Current solutions have several drawbacks: heat transfer occurs through metal, leading to thermal bridges in the penetration area, which increases the risk of condensation. Furthermore, it's difficult to comply with roofing and wall structure requirements during DIY installation, placing high demands on the installation specialist. There's no standardized starting unit that ensures proper connection between the supporting base, waterproofing, thermal insulation, light shaft, and light box mounting location. It's also impossible to properly install and test the penetration unit for leaks before installing the light box.

[0003] A roof flashing assembly for a tubular skylight is known (patent US7168211B2, published January 30, 2007). In this assembly, the tubular skylight has an aluminum sheet with a corrugated surface that has a hole and is pressed into a curb fixed above the skylight tower. The tiles above the skylight dome are laid on this sheet, and below the dome, the sheet is laid on top of the tiles and pressed against them thanks to the corrugated surface. Water seeping past the tiles above the dome is directed by the sheet around the curb and down onto the top of the tiles under the dome, thus ensuring the skylight is watertight. A disadvantage of this solution is that the thermal insulation of the enclosing surface in which the skylight is installed is insufficiently effective, since The passage unit is not provided as an independent module with a thermal break and warm / cold light shaft isolation.

[0004] A known design of a tubular skylight with an upper support ring (flashing) and sealing assemblies (patent application US6035593A, published March 14, 2000) has upper and lower recesses for snapping together the protrusions of the upper and lower support rings. The tubular skylight is closed with a transparent cover, and a seal is located between the upper edge of the element, the cover, and the upper support ring, preventing moisture and dust from entering the upper part of the skylight. The element is attached to the upper support ring with screws, and gaskets are located between the screw heads and the element to compensate for thermal expansion. A hollow lower seal is located between the tubular unit, the diffuser plate, and the decorative ring, so that only one seal is required to protect the lower end of the skylight from moisture and dust. The disadvantage is that the thermal insulation of the enclosing surface in which the device is installed is not effective enough.

[0005] An energy-efficient rooflight design with a thermal break is known (patent US4073097A, published 02 / 14 / 1978), in which its cover is attached by a frame to a curb consisting of a heat-insulating core, the inner and outer surfaces of which are covered with non-combustible screens, separated along the upper and lower surfaces of the curb by a gap that serves as a "thermal barrier" between the highly conductive inner and outer screens. The frame is attached to the outer part of the curb and includes a flange extending inward through the gap between the screens, which serves as a gutter for collecting condensation flowing down from the glazing. The inner part of the flange is covered with a heat-insulating gasket, which prevents condensation from forming on the flange and prevents warmer, more humid, internal air from reaching the cold underside of the gutter flange or the edge of the outer shell.The disadvantage of the described solution is that its installation is dependent on other stages of roofing work associated with preparation for the installation of a natural lighting system, i.e., it does not solve the problem of developing a modular starting unit specifically for light shaft / light guide systems with separation of the warm (installed inside the building) and cold (installed outside) parts.

[0006] A thermal break system for metal roof penetrations is known (patent US9228354B2, published 05.01.2016), including a longitudinally located thermal break with a horizontal element having a slot in it, and a vertical element, wherein the thermal break is made of an insulating material, a lateral guide extending along the longitudinal section and consisting of 6 adjacent segments. The first segment includes a flange for engaging with a groove formed in the horizontal segment of the thermal break, the second segment extends upward from the first segment, the third segment extends horizontally from the second segment, the fourth segment passes downward from the third segment, the fifth segment extends horizontally from the fourth segment, and the sixth segment extends downward from the fifth segment.The horizontal and vertical thermal break elements and the first and second segments of the side guide form a recess for the longitudinally running insulation rod. When installing the insulation system at the roof penetration, the insulation system is attached to the metal roofing panel in the sixth segment, and the roof curb installation is attached to the insulation system in the third segment. A disadvantage of this solution is that the described thermal break is designed for use in the roof penetration, but is not integrated with the light shaft, resulting in thermal bridges that impact the energy efficiency of both the solution described and the building as a whole.

[0007] A roof flashing system for tubular daylight systems is known (patent application US20150128516A1, published May 14, 2015). It consists of a sheathing unit with square walls, two of which are inclined at an angle of 5 degrees to the vertical, with an inner plate inclined at an angle of 15 degrees to the horizontal, and a central hole in said inner plate, which provides a connection to a rigid daylight tube. A disadvantage of this solution is that the design does not provide a sealed thermal break or separation of the "warm" and "cold" light shafts.

[0008] The problem, which the claimed utility model is aimed at solving, is to develop a design for an independent passage unit for light-conducting systems, which contains a built-in thermal break, ensures a hermetic connection to the roof / base (apron / flashing), allows for installation separate from the light-receiving shaft, forms a division into cold and warm light shafts, and reduces the dependence of the quality of the result on the qualifications of the installer.

[0009] The technical result of the solution consists in increasing the efficiency of the design of the light-conducting system by ensuring the energy efficiency of the passage unit through which the said system is mounted.

[0010] The technical result of the claimed solution is achieved by a penetration unit in building enclosing structures for light-conducting systems, comprising a housing configured for mounting on a supporting base and connecting sections for attaching a light shaft. The housing includes an apron configured for mating with the supporting base coating and a waterproofing layer. A light-transmitting thermal break unit is located within the housing, configured to separate the light shaft into outer and inner sections. The penetration unit is configured with an upper connecting section for attaching the outer light shaft and a lower connecting section for attaching the inner light shaft, and contains fastening elements configured to secure the light-receiving unit.

[0011] The housing may comprise a protective casing configured to be placed inside the external light shaft and / or the junction area of ​​the external light shaft with the passage unit.

[0012] The thermal break unit can be placed in a separate sealed cell of the housing.

[0013] The thermal break block can be made in the form of a translucent plate or in the form of a single-chamber or double-chamber glass unit.

[0014] The cavity of the thermal break block can be filled with inert gas.

[0015] The thermal break block may contain a low-emission and / or sun protection and / or infrared reflective coating.

[0016] Thermal break block can be equipped with an electrochromic layer or an iris diaphragm.

[0017] The housing can be provided with sealing elements in the area of ​​junction with the enclosing structure and / or in the area of ​​junction with the light shaft.

[0018] The body can be provided with aeration vents in the outer part.

[0019] The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by a figure depicting a general view of the visometry pass-through unit. The following are designated by numbers: 1 - pass-through unit housing, 2 - supporting base, 3 - waterproofing layer, 4 - thermal break block, 5 - fasteners for the light-receiving unit, 6 - fasteners of the pass-through unit to the supporting base.

[0020] A passage unit in enclosing structures (roof or wall) for light guide systems is an element of a light guide system, which is designed for installation on (or in) the supporting base of a roof or in a wall opening and provides a sealed passage through the enclosing structure, a thermal break between the outer (cold) and inner (warm) parts of the light shaft of the light guide system, as well as a unified connection of the light shaft and the light receiving unit.

[0021] The claimed penetration unit consists of a penetration unit housing 1 (preferably metal), designed for mounting on a supporting base 2 of a roof or wall opening. Housing 1 forms an apron, providing abutment to the roof or wall covering and mating with a waterproofing layer 3, water drainage, and protection of the abutment, as well as an optional protective casing, which forms a protected channel for subsequent installation of a light shaft and / or a protective casing for the light shaft.

[0022] The shape and design of the flashing depends on the type of enclosing structure (roof or wall), the surface slope, and other factors. The flashing can have various shapes depending on installation conditions, such as a sloped shape to match the roof slope, a rectangular shape for flat roofs or walls, or a multifaceted or complex shape if the design of the penetration assembly or the features of the enclosing structure require a custom solution. For example, the flashing can have additional curves or ribs to increase rigidity and improve watertightness. The flashing ensures a sealed connection where the light shaft passes through the roof or wall, protects the waterproofing from mechanical damage during installation and operation, ensures water drainage around the light shaft, and ensures a tight fit between the penetration assembly and the roof or wall, which is important for maintaining the integrity of the structure and preventing deformation.

[0023] The protective casing is located inside the external light shaft and / or the junction area between the external light shaft and the passage unit. The presence of the protective casing is determined by the type of roof into which the passage unit is installed. Specifically, it is necessary to protect against atmospheric influences, prevent moisture accumulation, ensure airtightness, reduce heat loss, prevent condensation and icing, and form a protected passage channel for the light shaft of the light-transmitting system. It ensures the even, distortion-free placement of the light shaft relative to the passage unit and can serve as a guide during light shaft installation. Furthermore, the protective casing further increases the rigidity of the entire passage unit, especially in large openings, distributes the loads from the light shaft and external influences (snow, wind) onto the supporting base 2, and can also contain a thermal insulation layer or serve as a frame for its installation.The presence of a protective casing depends on the roof type and operating conditions. For pitched roofs with a steep slope (metal tiles, corrugated sheets, standing seam roofing), a protective casing provides protection against snow and ice avalanches and directs water runoff past the penetration. For flat roofs with rolled coverings, it prevents the waterproofing from being compressed by the weight of snow and protects against stagnant water around the penetration. For membrane roofs, it protects the elastic membrane from cuts and punctures and compensates for membrane movement due to temperature changes. For roofs with high snow cover, it supports the additional snow load, reducing the risk of penetration deformation under the weight of snow.The protective casing can be made of the same material as the housing 1 of the passage unit (usually metal with an anti-corrosion coating), sometimes it has an additional polymer or paint coating for protection against UV radiation and precipitation, it can include sealing elements along the perimeter of the junction with the housing 1 and the light shaft, and in some cases it can be equipped with drainage holes to remove accidentally ingressed moisture.

[0024] Additionally, to ensure pressure equalization and / or moisture removal from the cavities of the protective casing (if present), the housing 1 of the passage unit may contain aeration holes in its outer portion. The number of aeration holes, their sizes, and spacing are selected individually based on calculations.

[0025] A built-in light-transmitting thermal break unit 4 is installed inside the housing 1 above the supporting base 2 between the cold (outer) and warm (inner) parts of the passage unit. Thermal break unit 4 connects the cold part of the light shaft housing (outside the building, hereinafter referred to as the external light shaft) and the warm part of the light shaft housing (inside the building, hereinafter referred to as the internal light shaft), ensuring the separation of heat transfer through the housing 1 of the passage unit and the structural separation of the elements of the light-conducting system, as a result of which heat transfer through the housing 1 of the passage unit and the formation of a cold bridge in the passage zone through the enclosing structure are minimized. Thermal break unit 4 can be made of a polymer material with low thermal conductivity (for example, reinforced polymer), or in the form of a combined insert. Thermal break unit 4 can be placed in a separate cell of the housing 1, made hermetically sealed with respect to the external environment.Thermal break unit 4 is hollow, but when used in certain climate zones, it may be constructed as at least one translucent plate (hot climates) or as a single- or double-glazed unit (cold climates). Furthermore, the cavity of thermal break unit 4 may be filled with an inert gas, preferably argon and / or krypton, which have lower thermal conductivity than air.

[0026] To reduce heat loss through thermal break unit 4 by reflecting thermal radiation back into the room, thermal break unit 4 may additionally contain a low-emission coating, which is particularly important for cold climates. This coating is applied to the room-facing surface of thermal break unit 4. To reduce solar radiation penetration, reducing overheating of the room during warmer months, thermal break unit 4 may additionally contain a sun protection coating applied to its outer surface (on the street side). To reflect infrared radiation, thermal break unit 4 may also contain an infrared-reflective coating applied to the outer surface to minimize infrared radiation penetration.Furthermore, thermal break unit 4 may include an electrochromic coating or an iris diaphragm to control light transmission by changing the coating's optical properties under the influence of an electrical signal or mechanical action (in the case of an iris diaphragm). The electrochromic coating or iris diaphragm may be applied to either the inner or outer surface of thermal break unit 4, depending on the design and light transmission control requirements. In some cases, thermal break unit 4 may have multiple coating types (e.g., low-e and sunscreen) applied to its different surfaces.

[0027] The hollow design of Thermal Break Block 4 serves several key purposes. Creating an air gap reduces the thermal conductivity of the penetration assembly, minimizing heat loss and preventing the formation of cold bridges. The hollow design better accommodates the expansion / contraction of materials during temperature changes, reducing the risk of cracking or deformation. Thermal Break Block 4 dimensions are determined individually for each project based on thermal engineering calculations, climatic conditions (in cold climates, a larger thermal break block 6 is required, for example, a block thickness of 40-60 mm or more; in hot climates, a minimal thermal break block 4 volume is possible, for example, a block thickness of 6-12 mm), and regulatory requirements.

[0028] The housing 1 of the passage unit above the thermal break unit 4 on the external environment side comprises an upper mating section, which serves as a seat for the cold external light shaft, enabling the connection of the external light shaft of the light-transmitting system, and / or fastening elements for the light-receiving unit 5 for its subsequent installation after the completion of the installation and sealing of the passage unit. Sealing elements (e.g., gaskets, sealants, pressure strips) are provided in the mating areas to ensure complete tightness of the passage unit. The fastening elements for the light-receiving unit 5 are designed in a reciprocal manner for its installation from above.

[0029] At the bottom of the 1 passage unit housing, on the room's heating circuit side, is a lower connecting section, which serves as a mounting point for the internal light shaft. It contains fasteners designed to secure the internal light shaft. The lower connecting section can be configured to extend the internal light shaft of the light-conducting system directly from the thermal break unit 4 into the room.

[0030] This ensures structural separation of the hot and cold sections of the light shaft at the passage level, preventing uncontrolled heat transfer and convection effects through metal elements. Thermal break unit 4 is sized to ensure a rigid connection between the mounting and lighting base and the mirrored light shaft body.

[0031] The housing 1 can be provided with sealing elements located in the area of ​​connection with the supporting base 2 and / or in the area of ​​connection with the light shaft of the light-conducting system.

[0032] A protective element against unauthorized access, such as a grille and / or mesh and / or screen, may be installed within the housing 1 of the passage unit. For this purpose, a signaling device configured to detect opening and / or penetration into the cavity of the passage unit may also be located within the housing 1.

[0033] The fastening elements of the passage unit to the supporting base 6 can be placed on the inner surface of the housing 1 of the passage unit, which makes it possible to install the device from inside the housing 1, minimizing interference from the outside.

[0034] Additionally, the body 1 of the passage unit may contain a set of adapters for one or another type of supporting base 2, ensuring compliance with different types of roofing, for example, for reinforced concrete, wood, corrugated sheets, etc., which also allows for additional guarantee of the energy efficiency of the natural lighting system by ensuring a tighter fit to the supporting base 2.

[0035] The outer part of housing 1 can be designed with a convex drip edge on its outer surface to drain moisture, or a concave drainage groove. This design is determined by the type of roof in which the penetration unit is installed; for example, a drip edge is recommended for roofs containing a membrane, while a drainage groove is recommended for pitched roofs. Furthermore, housing 1 can include waterproofing clamping frames, the design of which can vary depending on the roof type. The clamping frames seal the penetration unit through the enclosing structure (roof or wall).They ensure reliable pressing of the waterproofing layer 3 to the supporting base and the body 1 of the passage unit (without a frame, the waterproofing can move away, forming gaps and leaks), uniform pressure distribution along the perimeter of the junction, hermetic connection of the apron of the body 1 of the passage unit with the roof / wall covering and the waterproofing layer 3, as well as maintaining the integrity of the thermal break block 4.

[0036] The operation of the claimed device is as follows. During the preparatory stage, the body 1 of the penetration unit is installed on the supporting base 2 of the roof or wall opening, securing it with fasteners 6. The apron is connected to the waterproofing layer 3 by sliding the apron onto the waterproofing layer 3, and the penetration unit is sealed. After installation, the penetration unit forms a complete, hermetically sealed and thermally correct abutment unit. Next, the internal light shaft is attached to the lower connecting unit of the penetration unit, and the external light shaft is attached to the upper connecting unit. The light-receiving unit is then installed, ensuring a tight seal using sealed elements. As a result, the apron is tightly pressed against the waterproofing layer 3, which in turn is tightly pressed against the supporting base 2, creating a continuous watertight contour around the penetration unit.

[0037] The proposed penetration unit ensures a hermetically sealed passage of a natural lighting system element through the building envelope, breaking the thermal bridge between the warm part of the light shaft (inside the building) and the cold part (outside). An additional advantage of the penetration unit being a separate unit with an integrated thermal break unit is its faster installation, increased quality reproducibility, and reduced installation skill requirements, provided installation regulations are followed.

Claims

1. A passage unit in the enclosing structures of a building for a light-conducting system, comprising a housing configured to be mounted on a supporting base, and connecting sections for connecting a light shaft, characterized in that the housing comprises an apron configured to be mated with the coating of the supporting base and a waterproofing layer, a light-transmitting thermal break block is placed inside the housing, configured to separate the light shaft into external and internal parts, wherein the passage unit is configured with an upper connecting section for connecting the external light shaft and a lower connecting section for connecting the internal light shaft, and contains fastening elements configured to fix the light-receiving unit.

2. The unit according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the housing contains a protective casing designed with the possibility of placement inside the external light shaft and / or the junction area of ​​the external light shaft with the passage unit.

3. The unit according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the thermal break unit is located in a separate sealed cell of the housing.

4. The unit according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the thermal break block is made in the form of a translucent plate or in the form of a single-chamber or double-chamber glass unit.

5. The unit according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the thermal break block is filled with an inert gas.

6. An assembly according to any one of paragraphs 1-5, characterized in that the thermal break block contains a low-emission and / or sun-protective and / or infrared-reflective coating.

7. A unit according to any one of paragraphs 1-6, characterized in that the thermal break block is provided with an electrochromic layer or an iris diaphragm.

8. A unit according to any one of paragraphs 1-7, characterized in that the housing is provided with sealing elements in the area of ​​contact with the enclosing structure and / or in the area of ​​contact with the light shaft.

9. A unit according to any one of paragraphs 1-8, characterized in that the housing is provided with aeration vents in the outer part.

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