Directional antenna

Abstract

The utility model relates to antenna technology and can be used, for example, in telecommunications, radar, navigation and electronic warfare (EW) systems. The technical result is to provide a wide antenna radiation pattern in the E-plane (from 80° to 90°) and the H-plane (from 110° to 130°). For this purpose, in the antenna, comprising a metal reflector (2) and an excitation source (1) located near the reflector, the excitation source is implemented in the form of a volumetric electric vibrator with the length of each arm of 0.25λ, where λ is the wavelength, and the reflector is implemented in the form of a metal rectangular reflector with a height of 0.5λ. 4 fig.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of antenna technology and can be used, for example, in telecommunications, radar, navigation and electronic warfare (EW) systems.

[0002] The need to improve the efficiency of electronic warfare systems requires the creation of a directional antenna with a wide radiation pattern (RP) in the H-plane.

[0003] To improve suppression efficiency, antennas must have a sufficiently high gain.

[0004] Directional antennas with wide radiation patterns in the H-plane are known, for example, the magneto-electric dipole antenna [1]. This antenna contains a reflector made of a metal plate, two L-shaped radiators and a feed line. The antenna gain is from 7.54 to 8.14 dBi, the operating frequency range is from 1.8 to 2.97 GHz, the radiation pattern width in the H-plane is 80° and in the E-plane 80°.

[0005] The KP9-900 directional antenna, manufactured by Crocs Plus LLC, is known for its gain of 9 dB, a beam width of 60° in the H-plane and 65° in the E-plane, and is a directional electric emitter located above a flat metal screen [2].

[0006] These antennas have insufficient beamwidth for use in electronic countermeasures against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0007] The closest analogue in technical essence to the proposed one is the antenna device according to Russian patent No. 184981, H01Q 1 / 00, adopted as a prototype [3].

[0008] The diagram of the prototype device is shown in Fig. 1, where it is indicated:

[0009] 1 – excitation source – “zigzag antenna”;

[0010] 2 – resonator (reflector).

[0011] The prototype device contains a reflector 2, which is a hollow metal cylindrical surface having a round or other shape in cross-section, smooth or approximated by a polygon with a part of the cylindrical surface cut out along the generators.

[0012] Excitation source 1 is placed inside reflector 2 and is made in the form of a “zigzag antenna” with the perimeter of each frame of 1λ.

[0013] The prototype device works as follows.

[0014] During operation, the operating frequency range of the prototype antenna device is determined by the range of the excitation source (zigzag antenna) 1 and the resonant properties of the reflector 2. When using broadband excitation sources, the antenna frequency band is usually determined by the reflector 2 and, depending on its geometry, can reach values ​​of 10% or more.

[0015] The disadvantage of the prototype device is the narrow RP in the E-plane (~20°) and the insufficiently wide RP in the H-plane (~80°).

[0016] The task is to provide a wide antenna pattern in the E-plane (from 80° to 90°) and H-plane (from 110° to 130°) by using a volumetric electric vibrator as an excitation source.

[0017] To solve the stated problem in a directional antenna containing a metal reflector and an excitation source located near the reflector, according to the utility model, a volumetric electric vibrator with the length of each arm of 0.25λ is used as the excitation source, where λ is the wavelength, while the excitation source is located at a distance of 0.1λ from the reflector, the gap between the arms of the vibrator is 0.02λ, and the reflector is made in the form of a rectangular reflector with a height of 0.5λ.

[0018] The proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 2, where it is indicated:

[0019] 1 – excitation source – electric vibrator;

[0020] 2 – reflector (resonator).

[0021] The proposed antenna contains a reflector 2, which is a metal rectangular reflector with a height of 0.5λ.

[0022] Excitation source 1 is located near reflector 2 at a distance of approximately 0.1λ and is designed as a volumetric electric vibrator with each arm length of 0.25λ. The gap between the arms of the excitation source is 0.02λ. Matching of excitation source 1 is performed automatically, since the input impedance of reflector 2 is approximately 50 ohms.

[0023] The proposed antenna works as follows.

[0024] Reflector 2 reflects part of the energy emitted by electric vibrator 1, generating directional radiation. Symmetry is achieved by routing the power cable along one arm of the electric vibrator (not shown in Fig. 2).

[0025] The shape of the antenna radiation pattern with a reflector height of 0.5λ, a gap width between the arms of the electric vibrator of 0.02λ, in the H-plane is shown in Fig. 3, in the E-plane - in Fig. 4. The gain of the directional antenna with these geometric parameters is about 6.2-7.1 dB. The operating frequency range is 2.1-2.4 GHz.

[0026] The technical result is to provide a wide antenna radiation pattern in the E-plane (from 80° to 90°) and the H-plane (from 110° to 130°).

[0027] Thus, the proposed antenna provides a wide RP in the E-plane (from 80° to 90°) and H-plane (from 110° to 130°); operation in a wide frequency range from 2.1 to 2.4 GHz due to the use of a broadband excitation source; reducing the influence of nearby objects on the characteristics of the device; low level of side lobes of radiation.

[0028] A distinctive feature of the proposed antenna from the prototype antenna is the provision of a wide antenna pattern in the E-plane (from 80° to 90°) and H-plane (from 110° to 130°).

[0029] The proposed antenna can be used as a basis for constructing complex antenna systems with various RPs and for direct use in electronic warfare systems.

[0030] Sources of information

[0031] 1. Chen ZN Handbook of antenna technologies. Singapore: Springer Science, 2016, pp.1975-1993.

[0032] 2. OOO "Kroks Plus" [Electronic resource] URL: http: / / krocs.ru / shop / antenny-gsm-3g-4g-wifi / napravlennaya-9-db-gsm900lte800-antena-kp9-900 / (date of access 02.02.2026).

[0033] 3. Patent 184981 U1. Antenna device. Published 11 / 15 / 2018. Bulletin No. 32.

Claims

A directional antenna comprising a metal reflector and an excitation source located near the reflector, characterized in that the excitation source is a volumetric electric vibrator with each arm having a length of 0.25λ, where λ is the wavelength, while the excitation source is located at a distance of 0.1λ from the reflector, the gap between the arms of the vibrator is 0.02λ, and the reflector is made in the form of a rectangular reflector with a height of 0.5λ.

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