Bulk materials classifier

Abstract

Utility model: Bulk material classifier. Application: agriculture, food, flour and cereal milling, feed milling, and other industries where equipment for separating bulk materials by particle size is used. The utility model consists of a bulk material classifier comprising a housing, sequentially arranged inclined chutes in a cascade with a gap between them projected onto a horizontal plane, devices for adjusting the position of the chutes, a device for adjusting the initial velocity of the bulk material particles, an accelerating section, a frame, and finished product collectors. The working surface of the accelerating section is replaceable and has a brachistochronic surface. The technical result: improved quality of bulk material classification.

Description

[0001] The utility model relates to the technology of separating bulk materials by the size of their particles and can be used in cleaning and classifying grain and its processed products in agriculture, food, flour and cereals, feed and other industries.

[0002] Classifiers for bulk materials are known, which contain sequentially installed inclined trays in a cascade with a gap between them in projection onto a horizontal plane and devices for adjusting the position of the trays (A.S. USSR No. 426717. Classifier for bulk materials. IPC B07B. Bulletin No. 17 dated 05.05.1974; Patent RU No. 2147472. Classifier for bulk materials. IPC B07B 1 / 04 dated 20.04.2000).

[0003] A disadvantage of known devices is that they lack means for stabilizing and regulating the initial velocity of the product entering the separating surface. The lack of such adjustment results in low classifier efficiency, poor quality of the resulting fractions, and increased size.

[0004] A known classifier of bulk materials, selected as a prototype, containing a housing, sequentially installed in it cascaded inclined trays with a gap between them in projection on a horizontal plane, devices for adjusting the position of the trays, a device for adjusting the initial speed of particles of bulk materials, an accelerating section, a frame and collectors of finished products (Patent RU No. 2147257. Classifier of bulk materials. IPC B07B 1 / 04 dated 10.04.2000).

[0005] The disadvantage of the known classifier is the lack of the ability to regulate the speed of product convergence from the acceleration section, which results in low efficiency of the classifier and poor quality of the resulting fractions.

[0006] The utility model is based on the task of improving the classifier of bulk materials by installing an accelerating section with a special brachistochronic surface.

[0007] The technical result is to improve the quality of bulk material classification.

[0008] The technical result is achieved in that in a bulk material classifier containing a housing, sequentially installed in it cascaded inclined trays with a gap between them in projection onto a horizontal plane, devices for adjusting the position of the trays, a device for adjusting the initial speed of particles of bulk materials, an accelerating section, a frame and collectors of finished products, according to the utility model, the working surface of the accelerating section is made replaceable in the form of a surface with a brachistochronic property.

[0009] Such a combination of essential features as the execution of the working surface of the accelerating section with surfaces of brachistochronic properties and replaceable for each fractional composition of bulk materials, allows for the maximum speed of descent of particles of bulk material from its surface with a minimum coefficient of friction (Vasilenko P.M. Theory of particle motion on rough surfaces of agricultural machinery: K. Publishing house of the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. - 1960), and the execution of the working surface of the accelerating section replaceable will ensure an increase in the quality of the fractions obtained.

[0010] The utility model is illustrated by drawings:

[0011] Fig. 1 - schematically shows a longitudinal section of the classifier;

[0012] Fig. 2 - general view of the working surface of the acceleration section with a brachistochronic surface.

[0013] The bulk material classifier includes a housing 1, inclined chutes 2, devices for adjusting the position of the chutes 3, a device for adjusting the initial speed, consisting of racks 4, movable supports 5, on which a loading device 7 is fixed by means of brackets 6, having two flaps 8 and 9 for regulating the load, an accelerating section 10 fixed by means of hinges 11 on the housing and freely moving in guides 12, and a locking device 13, a frame 14 and collectors 15 of finished products. The chutes are arranged so that gaps are formed between them, adjusted to separate a product of a certain size. The accelerating section 10 has a replaceable working surface 16, made in the form of a brachistochronic surface.

[0014] Brachistochronic working surface 16 is created for each fractional composition of the mixture according to the developed computer program (Computer program registration certificate No. 2024666199 dated October 23, 2024. Program for constructing a brachistochronic surface and exporting it to AUTOCAD. Klevtsova T.A., Gvozdev A.V.). Fig. 2 shows an example of the general appearance of the working surface of the acceleration section with a brachistochronic surface.

[0015] The bulk material classifier operates as follows. The feedstock, with an arbitrary initial velocity, enters loading device 7. Here, as a result of impact with gate 8 and passage through the gap between it and the wall of the loading device, the product velocity drops to virtually zero, and the mixture moves toward the exit of the loading device under the force of gravity at an angle of repose over a layer of product located on gate 9. Passing along the working surface 16 of the accelerating section 10, the mixture acquires the required initial velocity for entry onto chute 2 and moves along it in a continuous flow toward the gap. Particles of passable size are separated into the gap, collected in collectors 15 and constitute the passable fraction, while particles passing over the gap fall onto the next chute, and the process is repeated. Particles that do not pass through the gap constitute the overflow fraction.

[0016] When changing the bulk material for classification, the working surface 16 of the accelerating section 10 is changed according to the fractional composition of the bulk material, and the process is repeated.

[0017] Thus, the use of a replaceable working surface of the accelerating section, made in the form of a brachistochronic surface, ensures an improvement in the quality of classification of bulk material.

Claims

A classifier for bulk materials comprising a housing, sequentially installed in it cascaded inclined trays with a gap between them projected onto a horizontal plane, devices for adjusting the position of the trays, a device for adjusting the initial speed of particles of bulk materials, an accelerating section, a frame and finished product collectors, characterized in that the working surface of the accelerating section is made replaceable in the form of a brachistochronic surface.

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