Method for increasing the yield and grain quality of spring hard wheat

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method for increasing the productivity of spring grain crops and obtaining high-quality grain. The method for increasing the yield and grain quality of spring hard wheat includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a suspension of highly dispersed cobalt particles at a concentration of 10–9%, using the pelleting method and a single foliar treatment of plants in the tube emergence phase using a knapsack sprayer with a suspension of highly dispersed particles of copper 10–8%, zinc 10–3%, magnesium 10–6%, obtained by dispersion using an ultrasonic disintegrator in the mode of 3 times for 30 seconds at a frequency of 44 kHz with a 30-second break in an ice bath, in distilled water with the addition of 0.56 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.4 g of polyethyleneglycol 400 and 0.37 g of disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and again dispersion with a working solution consumption of 10 liters per 1 ton for pre-sowing seed treatment and 200 liters per 1 ha for foliar treatment of plants during vegetation.EFFECT: increasing grain yield, the weight of 1000 grains, enhancing the gluten content and vitreousness of the grain of spring hard wheat, also used on other spring grain crops.1 cl, 4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

[0001] This invention relates to agriculture, specifically to a technology for increasing the productivity of spring grain crops and producing high-quality grain, with particular application to spring durum wheat. This effect is achieved by increasing the 1,000-kernel weight, grain yield per hectare, and improving the quality of the resulting grain—gluten content and vitreousness.

[0002] Technology Level

[0003] In the context of modern agricultural policy, increasing the production of high-quality food grain remains a priority. The yield and quality parameters of spring durum wheat are influenced by a multitude of interrelated biotic and abiotic factors. Consequently, one of the key tasks is to rationally meet the plant's needs for mineral elements by developing and implementing sound standards and regulations for the application of micronutrients, adapted to their content in the soil profile [1, 2].

[0004] A method for increasing the yield of oats or wheat is known, which includes pre-sowing treatment of seeds with an aqueous suspension of silicon oxide nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.3×10 -4 -3.0×10 -4 % with average particle sizes of 1-15 nm. The invention can be used to increase the productivity of spring grains, in particular wheat and oats [3]. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of a method for applying the particles to the seeds, as well as the low efficiency of the stimulating effect during seed treatment.

[0005] The closest approach to the proposed method is an invention that can be used to increase the productivity of grain crops. This method for cultivating spring wheat involves the use of NanoKremniy for pre-sowing seed treatment at a rate of 500 g / t, and spraying crops with NanoKremniy during the tillering and boot phases at 100 g / ha. This method increases the grain yield of spring wheat without reducing its quality. The disadvantage of this method is the double spraying of crops, which leads to an increase in the cost of 1 ton of grain and the lack of data on the effect of the preparation on the weight of 1000 grains and vitreousness [4].

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to increase the grain yield of spring hard wheat and its quality by pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a suspension of highly dispersed particles (HDP) of cobalt (Co) by the pelleting method and a single foliar treatment of plants (crops) in the tillering-tube emergence phase with a suspension of HDP of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) in recommended concentrations.

[0007] The technical problem that the claimed invention is aimed at solving is expressed in expanding the range of environmentally friendly and highly effective plant growth regulators that are capable of prolonged action throughout the entire growing season, as well as contributing to an increase in both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of productivity.

[0008] The technical result of solving the problem is the development of an improved method aimed at increasing grain yield, the weight of 1000 grains, and increasing the content of gluten and vitreousness.

[0009] Analysis of available sources did not reveal the combined use of pre-sowing seed treatment with a suspension of Co VDC and foliar treatment of plants (crops) in the tillering-tube emergence phase with a suspension of Cu, Zn, Mg VDC as a method for increasing the yield and grain quality of spring durum wheat.

[0010] The method is as follows.

[0011] The method was developed in experimental fields of the Federal Scientific Center for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Orenburg). Highly dispersed metal particles were obtained by high-temperature condensation using the Migen-3 installation (Moscow) [5, 6].

[0012] The characteristics of fine metal particles are as follows:

[0013] - cobalt - hydrodynamic diameter 1330 nm, ζ-potential 18.9 mV, crystalline metallic phase 95%, oxide phase not less than 5%;

[0014] - zinc - hydrodynamic diameter 570 nm, ζ-potential 31.7 mV, phase composition Zn 0 100%;

[0015] - copper - hydrodynamic diameter 616 and 103.7 nm, ζ-potential 28.1 mV, phase composition Cu 0 100%;

[0016] - magnesium - hydrodynamic diameter 222.5 nm, ζ-potential 18.6 mV, phase composition Mg 0 100%.

[0017] To prepare suspensions of high-density metals, precise weighed amounts of cobalt with a concentration of 10 were used. -9 % for pre-sowing seed treatment and copper weighing 10 -8 %, zinc 10 -3 %, magnesium 10 -6% for a single foliar treatment of plants (crops) in the tillering-tube emergence phase were dispersed in distilled water using an ultrasonic disintegrator UP50H (Hielscher, Germany) three times for 30 seconds (0.5 A at a frequency of 44 kHz) with a 30-second break in an ice bath. The prepared suspensions of HDCh Co were introduced into a polymer composition with the addition of 0.56 g sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.4 g polyethyleneglycol 400 and 0.37 g disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and dispersed again. Before sowing, wheat seeds were subjected to a single pre-sowing treatment with a suspension of HDCh Co using the pelleting method. During the growing season, a single foliar application of a Cu, Zn, and Mg suspension was applied to the plants (crops) during the booting phase using a backpack sprayer (Greenworks, China). The application rate of the prepared product was 10 l / t for pre-sowing seed treatment and 200 l / ha for foliar application during the growing season.

[0018] Seeds and plants of the control group were treated with distilled water.

[0019] Seeds of two varieties of spring hard wheat, Tselinnitsa and Luch 25, were used as a test object.

[0020] The characteristics of the varieties are as follows:

[0021] Tselinnitsa is a mid-season variety of spring durum wheat with a growing season of 75-86 days, maturing 1-2 days earlier than the Bezenchukskaya 210 variety. It is drought-resistant, resistant to lodging, shattering, and sprouting on the vine. 1000-kernel weight is 33-45 g. The average yield in the region is 19.1 c / ha, with the maximum yield of 40.2 c / ha obtained in 2019 in the Kurgan region. It is highly susceptible to common smut, but in the field it was weakly affected by root rot, loose smut, stem rust, and brown rust. Pasta quality is good.

[0022] Luch 25 is a mid-season variety of spring durum wheat with a growing season of 75-86 days, maturing simultaneously with the Krasnokutka 13 variety. It has moderate drought resistance, inferior in this indicator to the standard by up to 1 point. 1000-kernel weight is 34-45 g. The average yield in the Lower Volga region is 10.7 c / ha, at the standard level, in the recommended zones of the Saratov region, the yield was 15.5 c / ha, the maximum yield of 38.6 c / ha was obtained in 2011 in the Saratov region. Moderately resistant to loose and hard smut, in the field it was moderately affected by brown rust. Pasta qualities range from satisfactory to good.

[0023] The experiment was carried out in triplicate, the plot area was 32 m 2, the arrangement of the variants is sequential. Field studies were carried out in accordance with the methodology of state variety testing [7]. Agrotechnical measures were carried out according to the zonal technology recommended for the central and eastern zones of the Orenburg region [8]. The predominant soil type of the site is southern residual-meadow carbonate low-humus weakly eroded heavy loamy chernozem. The thickness of the humus horizon is 30-32 cm. The humus content was 4.3%, nitrate nitrogen - 8.3 mg / kg of soil, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium - 24.0 and 388 mg / kg of soil, respectively, mobile forms of microelements in the soil: Zn - 0.7 mg / kg; Mn - 9 mg / kg; Cu - 0.13 mg / kg; Co - 0.08 mg / kg; Mo - 0.10 mg / kg; B - 1.75 mg / kg. The soil acidity is slightly alkaline - pH 7.7.

[0024] The crop yield was determined during plot harvesting using a Sampo-130 combine. After harvesting, the 1000-kernel weight [9], vitreousness

[10] , and gluten content

[11] were determined. Statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed using the dispersion method using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software.

[0025] The results on grain yield and quality are presented in Tables 1-4 (see the graphic section). Analysis of the obtained data showed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a suspension of HDCH Co (at a concentration of 10 -9 %) and foliar treatment of plants (crops) in the tillering phase - tube emergence with a suspension of VDC Cu (at a concentration of 10 -8 %), Zn (at a concentration of 10 -3 %) and Mg (at a concentration of 10 -6 %) on average over 3 years contributed to an increase in yield by 0.34 t / ha, 1000 grain weight by 6.5-7.2 g, an increase in vitreousness by 7-8%, and gluten content by 8.1-9.7%.

[0026] Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that, compared to the untreated variant (control), pre-sowing treatment of spring durum wheat seeds with a suspension of VDC Co at a concentration of 10 -9 % by the pelleting method with a working solution consumption of 10 l per 1 ton of seeds and a single foliar treatment of plants (crops) in the tillering-tube emergence phase with a suspension of VDC Cu (at a concentration of 10 -8 %), Zn (at a concentration of 10 -3 %) and Mg (at a concentration of 10 -6 %), the consumption of the working solution is 200 l / ha, which contributes to an increase in yield and the weight of 1000 grains, as well as an increase in vitreousness and gluten content in the grain.

[0027] Sources of information

[0028] 1. Besaliev, I.N. Yield and grain quality of spring durum wheat in the conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals / I.N. Besaliev, S.I. Mironenko / / Animal husbandry and forage production. - 2024. - V. 107. - No. 4. - P. 324-336. - doi: 10.33284 / 2658-3135-107-4-324.

[0029] 2. Kozulina, N.S. The influence of mineral nutrition on the yield and grain quality of spring wheat of the Beyskaya variety in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe / N.S. Kozulina, A.V. Vasilenko, A.V. Bobrovsky, A.A. Kryuchkov, N.S. Gerasimova / / Agriculture. - 2025. - No. 1. - P. 20-23. - doi: 10.24412 / 0044-3913-2025-1-20-23.

[0030] 3. Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2678126 "Method for increasing the yield of spring grain crops" / N.N. Tereshchenko, B.I. Makarov, A.V. Kravets, O.M. Minaeva; published 01 / 23 / 2019, application 2018112999 dated 04 / 11 / 2018.

[0031] 4. Patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2799832 “Method for using nanosilicon in the cultivation of spring wheat” / M.F. Amirov, L.I. Toloknov; published 12.07.2023, application 2022125852 dated 03.10.2022.

[0032] 5. USSR Author's Certificate No. 814432 "Method for producing metal aerosols" / M.Ya. Gen, A.V. Miller / / Bulletin of Inventions. - 1981. - No. 11. - 25 p.

[0033] 6. Leipunsky, IO Syn-thesis of TiH2nanopowder via the Guen-Miller Flow-Levitation method and characterization / IO Leipunsky, AN Zhigach, ML Kuskov, NG Berezkina, ES Afanasenkova, BV Kudrov, GW Lopes, GA Vorobjeva, AV Naumkin / / J. Alloys Compd. - 2019. - Vol. 778. - P. 271. - doi: 10.1016 / j.jallcom.2018.11.088.

[0034] 7. Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops. - Issue 1. General part. - M .: FGBU State Variety Testing Commission, 2019. - 270 p.

[0035] 8. Technology of cultivation of spring durum wheat in the conditions of the Orenburg region. / I.N. Besaliev, A.L. Panfilov, L.A. Mukhitov, A.A. Novikova, A.A. Zorov, A.A. Neverov, R.R. Abdrashitov / Orenburg, OOO "Agentstvo Pressa Printing House", 2022. - 23 p. - ISBN 978-5-6049048-4-8.

[0036] 9. GOST 10842-89 Grain of leguminous crops and oilseeds. Method for determination of mass of 1000 grains or 1000 seeds : official publication : approved and put into effect by Resolution of the USSR State Committee for Product Quality Management and Standards dated December 22, 1989, No. 4039; introduced for the first time on July 1, 1991 / developed by the USSR Ministry of Grain Products. - Moscow: Publishing House of Standards, 1990. - 4 p.

[0037] 10. GOST 10987-76 Grain. Methods for determining vitreousness: official publication: approved and put into effect by the Resolution of the State Standards Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated November 15, 1976, No. 2563; introduced for the first time on June 1, 1977. - Moscow: Standartinform Publishing House, 1976. - 4 p.

[0038] 11. GOST 54478-2011 Grain. Methods for determining the quantity and quality of gluten in wheat : official publication : approved and put into effect by the Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated October 21, 2011 No. 477-st; introduced for the first time on 2013-01-01 / developed by the State Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Grain and Its Processed Products" of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GNU "VNIIZ" of the Russian Agricultural Academy. - Moscow: Standartinform Publishing House, 2012. - 24 p.

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