High stability ATV with suspension
The ATV design with vertically moving wheels and integrated suspension mechanisms addresses rollover stability and comfort issues, enhancing safety and handling on uneven terrain.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FEDERALNOE GOSUDARSTVENNOE BYUDZHETNOE OBRAZOVATELNOE UCHREZHDENIE VYSSHEGO OBRAZOVANIYA GORSKIJ GOSUDARSTVENNYJ AGRARNYJ UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-29
AI Technical Summary
All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) suffer from low rollover stability, leading to potential serious injuries and reduced comfort due to the lack of suspension, which increases vibration loads and affects tire traction and handling.
The ATV design incorporates telescopic guides with sprung wheels that move vertically relative to the body, equipped with onboard units containing electric motors, gearboxes, springs, and shock absorbers, allowing independent wheel movement and rotation, and features a suspension mechanism activated by a screw mechanism and gear transmission.
Enhances rollover stability and driving safety by maintaining the frame's verticality on rough terrain and slopes, while providing improved comfort and tire traction.
Smart Images
Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to the field of four-wheeled motor vehicles with increased cross-country ability, capable of confidently moving over rough terrain thanks to all-wheel drive and developed wheel lugs.
[0002] There are many different ATV designs, but they all share common features: light weight, four-wheel drive, motorcycle-style handlebars, compact dimensions, a motorcycle-style riding position, and tires with thick tread or well-developed lugs. The combination of these qualities gives ATVs excellent off-road capability and maneuverability.
[0003] The main drawback of ATVs is their low rollover stability. Given their weight and lack of a cabin, a rollover often results in serious injuries and sometimes even fatal consequences.
[0004] To compensate for this shortcoming, tilting ATVs are being developed. To improve stability against rollover, components and mechanisms are being introduced into the design that allow the ATV to tilt toward the turn while moving.
[0005] The closest analogue is the "High-Stability ATV" (Patent for Invention RU 2774967). Its design allows the wheels to move up and down relative to the body, thereby allowing the ATV to tilt toward the turn, increasing stability against rollover.
[0006] In addition, this method of moving the wheels relative to the body allows the ATV frame to remain vertical on slopes, which significantly increases its stability against overturning (and, consequently, driving safety).
[0007] However, this ATV has a significant drawback: the lack of suspension. This not only reduces vehicle comfort but also increases vibration loads on its components. Under certain conditions, reduced tire traction and reduced handling are possible.
[0008] The technical objective of the present invention is to create an ATV that has high stability against rollover, which will significantly improve its safety.
[0009] Technical result: the creation of an ATV design capable of moving the wheels relative to the body in a vertical plane, while activating the suspension mechanism, due to which it can tilt in the direction of a turn when moving along curved trajectories, and also maintain the verticality of the frame when moving over rough terrain and slopes, which will significantly increase its stability against overturning and safety.
[0010] The technical solution is that the sprung wheels of the ATV have the ability to move up and down relative to the body in a vertical plane thanks to telescopic guides fixed to the ATV frame.
[0011] The ATV's wheels are driven by four onboard units (one for each wheel). Each onboard unit contains an electric motor, gearbox, spring, and shock absorber. The vertical movement of the onboard units, along with the wheels, relative to the ATV's body is achieved by a screw mechanism. The wheels can move independently of each other.
[0012] All wheels of the ATV can rotate around a vertical axis. The wheel rotation is achieved by an electric motor and a gear transmission.
[0013] The invention is illustrated by drawings:
[0014] Fig. 1 shows a design diagram of the unit connecting the wheel to the ATV body.
[0015] Fig. 2 shows an ATV, front view.
[0016] In Fig. 3, the position of the ATV with the maximum ground clearance value is shown.
[0017] In Fig. 3, the alignment (stabilization) of the ATV frame on a transverse slope.
[0018] In Fig. 4, the ATV is moving along a curved path with a tilt towards the turn.
[0019] In Fig. 5, the alignment (stabilization) of the ATV frame on the ascent and descent.
[0020] Fig. 6 shows an ATV overcoming an obstacle (hole).
[0021] The ATV, which includes a frame, steering, braking system, seat, levers and control pedals, differs from its analogues in that each of the four wheels 1 is attached to the ATV frame 2 through a special unit (Fig. 1).
[0022] The torque is transmitted to the wheel 1 from the electric motor 3 through the gearbox 4. The housing of the gearbox 4 is rigidly connected to the rack 5, on which the splined guide 6 is fixed. Moreover, the splined guide 6 and the rack 5 can only move as a single unit.
[0023] Splined guide 6 fits into splined sleeve 7 and can move along their shared axis. Between splined sleeve 7 and strut 5 is spring 8, which serves as the ATV's suspension spring.
[0024] Splined bushing 7 is mounted in crossbar 9 using bearings and is capable of rotation around its vertical axis. Splined bushing 7 rotates as a single unit, along with splined guide 6, spring 8, rack 5, gearbox 4, electric motor 3, and wheel 1.
[0025] The rotation of the specified block is accomplished by a cylindrical gear transmission consisting of gear wheel 10 and pinion 11. Gear wheel 10 has splines that allow it to move along splined guide 6 and, at the same time, transmit torque to the latter. Gear 11 is mounted on the shaft of electric motor 12.
[0026] To dampen the ATV's vibrations, shock absorber 13, which serves as the suspension's damping element, is installed within splined guide 6. The upper end of shock absorber 13 is attached to crossbar 9, and the lower end to strut 5.
[0027] The crossbar 9, together with the elements mounted thereon, can move up and down along the guides 14 attached to the frame 2 of the ATV. The forced movement of the crossbar 9 along the guides 14 is achieved by means of a screw transmission, which consists of a screw 15 and a nut 16. Rotation of the screw 15 is achieved by means of a cylindrical gear transmission, in which the gear wheel 17 is rigidly fixed to the screw 15, and the pinion 18 is mounted on the shaft of the electric motor 19.
[0028] The device operates as follows.
[0029] To move the ATV forward or backward, electric motors 3 are used, the torque of which is transmitted to wheels 1 through gearboxes 4.
[0030] To turn the ATV, the steerable wheels rotate around a vertical axis. This design allows either two or all four wheels of the ATV to turn.
[0031] To rotate wheel 1 around the vertical axis, electric motor 12 is turned on, which, with the help of gear 11, rotates toothed wheel 10. As a result, the splined sleeve 7, splined guide 6 and rack 5 with wheel 1 connected to it rotate together with the toothed wheel 10.
[0032] If any wheel needs to be moved up or down relative to the ATV body, a corresponding signal is sent to electric motor 19. The torque from electric motor 19 is transmitted to screw 15 via a cylindrical gear. The interaction between rotating screw 15 and fixed nut 16 causes crossbar 9 to move up or down. Wheel 1 also moves relative to the ATV body along with it.
[0033] Figure 2 shows a front view of the ATV. The components connecting the ATV wheels to the body are shown in a simplified manner.
[0034] Fig. 3a shows the ATV's position with maximum ground clearance. To achieve this, all wheels are forced downward relative to the body to the maximum value. This raises the ATV's body as high as possible.
[0035] Fig. 3b shows the process of leveling (stabilizing) the ATV frame on a transverse slope. To do this, the wheels on one side are raised relative to the ATV body, and the wheels on the other side are lowered.
[0036] Fig. 4 shows an ATV moving along a curved path with a tilt in the direction of the turn.
[0037] In Fig. 5, the alignment (stabilization) of the ATV frame on the ascent and descent.
[0038] Fig. 6 shows, as an example, an ATV overcoming an obstacle (in this case, a hole).
[0039] The presented ATV design will significantly improve rollover stability when turning and on slopes. Consequently, driving safety will also be enhanced.
Claims
An ATV with increased stability and suspension, comprising a frame, a steering system, a braking system, a seat, control levers and pedals, characterized in that each of the four wheels is attached to the frame of the ATV, wherein the torque is transmitted to the wheel from an electric motor through a gearbox, and the gearbox housing is rigidly connected to a rack on which a splined guide is fixed, wherein the splined guide and the rack can only move as a single unit, wherein the splined guide enters a splined sleeve with the ability to move along their common axis, and between the splined sleeve and the rack there is a spring, which is an elastic element of the ATV suspension, wherein the splined sleeve is mounted in a crossmember with the ability to rotate around its vertical axis using bearings, wherein the splined sleeve will rotate as a single unit together with the splined guide, the spring, the rack, the gearbox (4), the electric motor (3) and wheel (1),and the rotation of said block is carried out with the help of a cylindrical gear transmission consisting of a gear wheel and a pinion, wherein the gear wheel has splines, thanks to which it can move along a splined guide and, at the same time, transmit torque to the latter, and the pinion is mounted on the shaft of the electric motor, and in order to dampen vibrations of the ATV, a shock absorber is installed inside the splined guide, which is a damping element of the suspension, and the upper end of the shock absorber is attached to the crossbar, and the lower end - to the rack, the crossbar together with the elements installed on it can move up and down along guides attached to the frame of the ATV, and the forced movement of the crossbar along the guides is carried out by means of a screw transmission, which consists of a screw and a nut, and the rotation of the screw is carried out with the help of a cylindrical gear transmission, in which the gear wheel is rigidly fixed on the screw,and the gear is mounted on the shaft of the electric motor.