Operation of hydrodynamic suspension

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.SUBSTANCE: operating method of the hydrodynamic suspension includes the following. The connection of the links represents an oscillatory system of object-support. The static equilibrium position of the oscillating system is provided by a hydraulic connection between the piston rod and the liquid and the cylinder by means of liquid pressure. As the support moves upward and the distance between the support and the object decreases, the fluid pressure decreases. As the support moves downward and the distance between the support and the object increases, the pressure increases. The change in pressure is achieved by transforming the volume of the hydraulic connection. The links are connected by an elastic connection.EFFECT: design is simplified, its reliability is increased, and its performance characteristics are improved.5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to reduce the amplitude of vibrations of various objects, for example, a high-speed passenger train car.

[0002] The prototype is a hydropneumatic suspension of a vehicle containing telescopic hydraulic cylinders installed between the body and parts connected to the wheels, including a housing, a hollow rod with a piston made with an internal cavity in which a damping device is placed, including a base with holes covered by compression and rebound valves, a check valve and hydropneumatic cylinders separated by diaphragms and hydraulically connected to the telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the check valve, a hydraulic pump with a motor connected to the check valve and to a liquid tank, an electro-hydraulic valve connected to the telescopic hydraulic cylinders, hydropneumatic cylinders and a liquid tank, while it is equipped with additional damping devices installed outside the telescopic hydraulic cylinders, each of which is hydraulically connected on one side to a hydropneumatic cylinder,and on the other hand - with telescopic hydraulic cylinders and consists of a housing, a piston placed in it, movable in the axial direction within the gap between it and the housing and made with openings closed by their own compression and rebound valves, while the charging pressure of the hydropneumatic cylinders is different [Patent of the Russian Federation 2116894 IPC B60G 11 / 26, 1998].,

[0003] The disadvantages of the prototype are:

[0004] - complex design of the device due to the presence of a large number of elements, which further reduces the reliability of the device as a whole;

[0005] - relatively large weight and size characteristics.

[0006] The objective of the invention is to simplify the design implementing the method and to improve the operational characteristics.

[0007] The problem is solved in that in the method of operation of a hydrodynamic suspension, including the connection of links representing an oscillatory system object-support, a hydraulic connection rod-liquid-cylinder, ensuring their static equilibrium position by means of the pressure of the liquid, when the support moves upward and the distance between the latter and the object decreases, the pressure of the liquid is reduced, and when the support moves downward and the specified distance increases, the pressure is increased, and the change in pressure is carried out by transforming the volume of the hydraulic connection, while the links are first connected by an elastic connection.

[0008] The hydraulic connection volume is transformed by a piston, whose movement is achieved by the helical motion of the shaft, which is created by at least one worm gear, in which the worm is mounted on the shaft and the worm wheel is braked. The worm wheel is braked by an electromagnet. The worm wheel is also braked in another worm gear. The transformation rate of the hydraulic connection volume is proportional to the support's vertical oscillation velocity.

[0009] These distinctive features allow to achieve the following advantages compared to the prototype.

[0010] A decrease in the fluid pressure when the support moves upward and the distance between the latter and the object decreases, and when the support moves downward and the said distance increases, an increase in pressure, whereby the change in pressure is carried out by transforming the volume of the hydraulic connection and preliminary connecting the links with an elastic connection, makes it possible, through a simple suspension design, to minimize the amplitude of the object's oscillations by redistributing the gravitational force of the object between the elastic and hydraulic connections during the oscillation process, which also improves operational characteristics.

[0011] Transformation of the volume of liquid by a piston, the movement of which is carried out by the screw movement of the shaft, by means of at least one worm gear, in which the worm is carried out on the shaft, and the worm wheel is braked, allows for simplification of the suspension design, simplifies the design and, therefore, increases its reliability and performance characteristics.

[0012] Brake the worm wheel by electromagnet, simplifying the control device of hydrodynamic suspension.

[0013] The worm gear and other worm gear braking allows the shaft to move axially in both directions, which simplifies the design and control device of the hydrodynamic suspension.

[0014] Changing the rate of transformation of the liquid volume proportional to the speed of oscillation of the support in the vertical plane improves the dynamics of the process of damping the oscillations of the object, which improves the operational characteristics.

[0015] The invention is explained by drawings.

[0016] Fig. 1 shows a hydrodynamic suspension of a car. Fig. 2 shows view A of the suspension. Fig. 3 shows a rack and pinion transmission, the rack tooth of which is designed as a disk perpendicular to the shaft axis, having a cross-section with a profile outlined by an involute. Fig. 4 shows a diagram of an embodiment of a kinematic connection.

[0017] The hydrodynamic suspension comprises a shaft 2 arranged with the possibility of rotation and axial movement in supports 1 and connected to the drive, on which worms 3, 4 of worm gears and teeth 5 of a rack and pinion gear having different winding directions are arranged, respectively coupled with wheels 7, 8 and 9 mounted with the possibility of rotation in supports 6, which respectively have the possibility of interaction with electromagnets (brake) 10, 11, and 12, fixedly fixed on a base, to which a container 14 with liquid 13 is attached, with a piston 15 installed in it with the possibility of movement, pivotally fastened to shaft 2, which is connected by a flexible pipeline 16 to a cylinder 18 pivotally fastened to a bogie 17 of a car, in which a piston 19 is installed with the possibility of movement, the rod 20 of which is pivotally connected to the frame 21 of the car, which is connected to the trolley through an elastic element (spring) 22.The kinematic connection of the wheel of each transmission with the electromagnet can be made in the form of a toothed wheel 23 fixedly attached to the axis of the transmission wheel, coupled with a toothed wheel 24, having the ability to interact with the electromagnet.

[0018] Hydrodynamic suspension works as follows.

[0019] In the initial state, the electromagnet 12 is turned on, therefore the wheel 9 is braked and holds the teeth 5 of the rack gear with its teeth (the teeth 5 slide over the teeth of the stationary, braked wheel 9), due to which the drive shaft 2 rotated through the splined connection by the electric motor (not shown) does not change its position in the axial direction. The piston 15 is in a position in which the piston 19, by means of the rod 20, holds the frame 21 of the car at a certain initial height relative to the bogie 17, and the spring 22 is in a compressed state, i.e. the weight of a given part of the car is distributed between the spring 22 and the rod 20 (the position of static equilibrium), and the liquid 13 is under static pressure (Fig. 1, 2, 3). Note that the hinged fastening of the cylinder 18 and the rod 20 is necessary so that these elements do not experience bending moments during the horizontal displacement of the frame 21 relative to the bogie 17.Other mounting options are also possible, for example, cylinder 18 can be fixedly mounted on trolley 17, and the ends of rod 20 can be pivotally mounted on frame 21 and piston 19.

[0020] Let's assume that during movement, trolley 17 begins to descend, dragging cylinder 18 along with it, causing the pressure of fluid 13 to drop. The pressure change is recorded by a sensor, whose signal causes electromagnet 12 and electromagnet 10 to be deactivated, which releases wheel 9 and decelerates worm gear 7, which is then attracted, for example, to the core of electromagnet 10. Note that the vertical tilt of the trolley can also be recorded by any other displacement sensor and / or tilt sensor.

[0021] As a result, worm 3 (along with shaft 2) will move along its axis, rotating, i.e., performing a helical motion, while wheels 8 and 9 will rotate idly. Shaft 2 will move piston 15, pushing it into tank 14. The pressure of fluid 13 will begin to increase, and as soon as it slightly exceeds the static pressure, a signal from the sensor causes solenoids 10 and 12 to release and brake wheels 7 and 9, respectively.

[0022] A slight excess of the static pressure value is necessary because the spring 22 is somewhat stretched, and therefore its reaction to the frame 21, the weight force of which already presses more strongly on the rod 20, decreases. Therefore, a slight excess of the static pressure value helps to maintain the frame 21 at the same initial height.

[0023] If the bogie moves upward, this will cause the pressure of fluid 13 to increase, and the signal from the sensor will cause the release of wheel 9 and the application of brakes to wheel 8 using electromagnet 11. Shaft 2 will begin to spiral upward, and piston 15 will rise. The pressure of fluid 13 will begin to drop, increasing the load from the weight on spring 22. Therefore, despite its compression and the corresponding increase in elastic force, it will not be able to lift frame 21 of the car, which will remain at its original height. In this case, the pressure of fluid 13 is maintained slightly below the static value, since the spring, compressed during the bogie's rise, exerts a greater elastic force on frame 21 than in the static position.

[0024] After the vibrations of the bogie 17 have died down, the pressure of the liquid 13 will stabilize, become equal to the static pressure, and all suspension elements will return to their original state.

[0025] When making a left turn, for example, the right side of the bogie will rise and the left side will fall in accordance with the slope at that point in the track. This will increase the fluid pressure under piston 19 on the left and decrease the fluid pressure under the same piston on the right, reducing the car's roll (within the suspension's operating limits) as it negotiates the turn.

[0026] The rate of change of pressure by moving the piston 15 is carried out proportionally to the speed of oscillation of the trolley in the vertical direction, changing the speed of rotation of the shaft 2 and / or providing, by means of an electromagnet, some slippage of the worm wheel to reduce the speed.

[0027] Thus, during the operation of the suspension, a constant redistribution of the force of the weight of the object (in this case, the car) occurs between the elastic element 22 and the rod 20, i.e. the downward movement of the car is prevented by a rigid hydraulic connection (increasing linearly due to the influx of liquid into the cylinder 18, which does not allow the car to approach the moving down bogie, and its upward movement is prevented by the increasing force of gravity on the element 22 (from the decrease in the pressure of the liquid in the cylinder 18), which causes compression of the spring 22 without moving its upper coil - the bogie moves upward, compressing the spring, the upper end of which remains in place due to the increased force of gravity.

[0028] However, the hydrodynamic suspension can also operate without the elastic element 22, which in the case described (with the wagon) relieves the piston 19 of the cylinder 18. If the load on the rod 20 of the piston 19 is small, for example, the load is the driver's seat of the vehicle, then the spring can be removed, while the operating principle of the hydrodynamic suspension will not change, and since the load on the piston 19 is practically unchanged, then with the help of the piston 15, during vibrations, it is necessary to maintain the pressure of the liquid 13 equal to the static pressure.

[0029] To reduce the electromagnet's power, the kinematic connection between the wheel and it can be implemented as a gear transmission, with wheel 23 pressed onto the axle, for example, worm gear 8, and pinion 24 capable of interacting with electromagnet 11 (Fig. 4). The higher the gear ratio, the less force will be required to brake wheel 8; one such gear pair reduces this force by almost an order of magnitude.

[0030] The implementation of the invention will make it possible to create a simple, reliable and easy-to-use hydrodynamic suspension, capable of minimizing the amplitude of oscillations of an object when its support swings.

Claims

1. A method of operating a hydrodynamic suspension, including connecting links representing an oscillatory system of an object-support, with a hydraulic connection rod-fluid-cylinder, ensuring their static equilibrium position by means of the pressure of the fluid, characterized in that when the support moves upward and the distance between the latter and the object decreases, the pressure of the fluid is reduced, and when the support moves downward and the said distance increases, the pressure is increased, wherein the change in pressure is carried out by transforming the volume of the hydraulic connection, while the links are first connected by an elastic connection.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the transformation of the volume of the hydraulic connection is carried out by a piston, the movement of which is carried out by a screw movement of the shaft, which is created by at least one worm gear, in which the worm is carried out on the shaft, and the worm wheel is braked.

3. The method according to any of paragraphs 1, 2, characterized in that the braking of the worm wheel is carried out by means of an electromagnet.

4. The method according to any of paragraphs 1, 2, characterized in that the braking of the worm wheel is also carried out in another worm gear.

5. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the speed of transformation of the volume of the hydraulic connection is formed proportionally to the speed of oscillation of the support in the vertical plane.

Images