Track condition monitoring system

Abstract

FIELD: monitoring.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the control of the mechanical condition of the track. Track condition monitoring system comprises devices for recording physical parameters, a data analysis tool and a user device. Each of the physical parameter recording devices comprises vibration recording sensors connected to a microcontroller associated with a wireless communication device, a temporary data storage device and a power supply device. The devices for recording physical parameters are connected via a wireless communication device to the data analysis tool. The data analysis tool processes and analyses the received data, compares them with the measured values to determine the defect of the track, transmits the analysis results to the user device, and also receives control commands from the user device and transmits them to the device for recording physical parameters.EFFECT: improving the quality and reliability of remote detection of dangerous changes in the condition of a track in real time.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to systems and methods for monitoring the condition of extended objects and can be used for remote detection of dangerous changes in the condition of a track, including rail defects.

[0002] Technology Level

[0003] Local analysis systems for loads and geometry of solid structural elements are devices that allow monitoring the condition of infrastructure elements, identifying defects and optimizing track operation.

[0004] Such systems carry out control based on, for example:

[0005] - measuring loads at the wheel-rail interface. Strain gauges, accelerometers, and other devices are used to record forces and accelerations during the movement of rolling stock;

[0006] - Track geometry monitoring. Track measuring trolleys with sensors are used to determine the position of the rails, track width, track profile, and other parameters;

[0007] - remote diagnostics. Laser scanners are used to scan the route, record the beam's direction and travel time, and create a 3D model of the route based on the results.

[0008] Local load and geometry analysis systems solve the following problems:

[0009] - Identification of local faults, such as rail defects and track gauge deformations.

[0010] - Track condition assessment and forecasting. The systems help determine the need for track maintenance and speed restrictions.

[0011] The monitoring results are used to plan track maintenance and repair work, as well as to resolve emergency situations. Measurement results are also used to optimize alignment, tamping, straightening, ballast cleaning, and other work.

[0012] A device for monitoring the condition of a railway track is known (RU Patent No. 152533; IPC: B61K 9 / 08, B61L 23 / 04; published on June 10, 2015), comprising an interacting base station, wireless measuring modules and a hand-held reader. The base station is configured to receive information from the wireless measuring modules and includes a microprocessor, an internal power source and an autonomous power source connected to it, made in the form of a wind generator. Each of the wireless measuring modules includes non-volatile memory, a microprocessor, measuring sensors, an internal power source, and an autonomous power source made in the form of a vibration-electric transducer. The use of a hand-held reader during operation complicates the process of continuous monitoring of rail tracks in real time. The disadvantage is the complexity of the device, which reduces its reliability and the ability to obtain data in real time.

[0013] A system for monitoring railway infrastructure facilities is known (RU Patent No. 2584756; IPC: B61K 9 / 08, E01B 35 / 00; published on 20.05.2016), comprising at least one station for collecting and primarily processing data and measuring modules connected thereto and to each other via radio communication, located in critical locations of the monitored railway infrastructure facilities and configured to measure rail elongation, roadbed shift, overhead contact network tension, overhead contact network support inclination, a central data collection unit connected to the station for collecting and primarily processing data, and at least one automated workstation connected to the central data collection unit. Each measuring module includes an autonomous power source, touch sensors, a transceiver and a microcontroller.Each data collection and primary processing station includes an independent power source, a controller, and a transceiver connected via a radio channel to the transceivers of the measurement modules. The central data collection unit includes a computing unit, a database, a control unit, and a transceiver connected via a radio channel to the transceivers of the data collection and primary processing stations.

[0014] A rail and train monitoring system and method are known (RU Patent No. 2365517; IPC: B61L 1 / 06, B61L 23 / 04; published on August 27, 2009). According to the method, vibroacoustic signals are continuously recorded in both rails of a track at the detection point, these signals are compared, and if there are no changes in the signal parameters in one channel (one of the rails) as a train approaches the detection point, a decision is made about the presence of a break in the rail (a broken rail). A disadvantage of this method is the fundamental impossibility of detecting foreign objects on the tracks due to avalanches, rockfalls, quicksand, etc., as well as the results of work preparing for sabotage acts, including the installation of ammunition. A more dangerous case - a break in both rails - is also not detected.

[0015] Of the known technical solutions, the closest in terms of the set of essential features to the claimed track condition monitoring system is the invention “Track condition monitoring system for detecting partial or complete destruction of a track rail” (RU Patent No. 2743390, IPC: B61L 23 / 04; published on 17.02.2021), which includes a plurality of sensors installed on a rail of a railway track and spaced at a predetermined interval from each other, the sensors have a corresponding signal receiving and recording means for receiving and recording an acoustic signal generated by an approaching train and propagated through the rail or the ground supporting the rail, a signal transmitting means for transmitting the received and recorded signal to a passing train by wireless transmission during the passage of the train in the vicinity of the sensors, and a signal analyzing means for analyzing transmitted signals from the received and recorded signals on board the passing train.

[0016] However, the means for analyzing the received acoustic signals from a passing train are located on the rolling stock itself, which reduces the system's ability to provide uninterrupted control due to its dependence on the vehicle.

[0017] Concepts and definitions used in the description of the track condition monitoring system

[0018] LoRa (Long Range) is a long-range wireless communication technology designed to transmit data over long distances with minimal power consumption and low data transfer rates.

[0019] NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) is a cellular communications standard for low-bandwidth telemetry devices.

[0020] Accelerometer is a device that measures the acceleration of an object relative to its initial position or the change in its speed.

[0021] Stray currents are currents generated in the ground when it is used as a conductive medium. The main sources of stray currents in underground metal structures are electrified railways (main and suburban), trams, industrial, quarry, and mine transport.

[0022] Vibration acceleration – acceleration of movement of the controlled point of the equipment or the rate of change of speed.

[0023] A gyroscope is a device that can respond to changes in the orientation angles of the body on which it is installed relative to an inertial reference frame.

[0024] A vibration sensor is a device that generates an electrical signal proportional to the measured vibration parameter. When measuring vibration parameters, the following sensors are used: proximometers – for measuring vibration displacement; velocimeters – for measuring vibration velocity; accelerometers – generating a signal proportional to vibration acceleration.

[0025] A microcontroller (MCU) is a microcircuit for software control of electronic devices. It is typically manufactured as a single crystal containing the functions of a microprocessor core, command and data buses, peripherals, RAM, and ROM. Essentially, it is a computer on a chip, acting as a peripheral processor.

[0026] A neural network (also an artificial neural network or neural network) is a mathematical model, as well as its software or hardware implementation, built on the organizational principle of biological neural networks—the networks of nerve cells in a living organism. This concept arose from the study of processes occurring in the brain and from attempts to model these processes. After the development of learning algorithms, the resulting models began to be used for practical purposes: in forecasting, pattern recognition, control, and other tasks.

[0027] Random Access Memory (RAM) is the volatile portion of a computer's memory system that stores executable machine code (programs) as well as input, output, and intermediate data processed by the processor. It is a temporary data storage device that provides rapid access to information for the processor.

[0028] A server is a device that provides services or resources to other devices, called clients, over a network. The primary function of a server is to process client requests and provide them with the necessary information or capabilities. Typically, a server is a powerful computer capable of processing and storing large amounts of information. Special software is installed on the computer, which gives it server functionality. Depending on the server's purpose, specific software is installed on it to meet the necessary requirements and requests. Typically, this is a dedicated or specialized computer for running service software; a network computer that processes requests from other computers on a local or global network.

[0029] Flash memory is a solid-state, semiconductor, non-volatile, and rewritable memory capable of retaining data even after power is removed. It is used in a variety of devices, including USB drives, SSDs, memory cards, and embedded systems in routers, televisions, and IoT devices.

[0030] Hub (literally – wheel hub, center) – in a general sense, a node of some network.

[0031] Ethernet is a family of data transmission technologies used to build local area networks (LANs). It provides physical and channel data transfer between devices within a single network segment or over switched / routed networks.

[0032] In computing and networking, a hub is a network concentrator. It's a simple device for connecting multiple devices into a single network. When data arrives at one port, the hub copies it and distributes it to all its ports (ru.wikipedia.org).

[0033] A chip (from the English word "chip" – fragment, splinter, piece) is a rectangular fragment of a semiconductor or dielectric wafer on which an integrated circuit (or part thereof), a separate electronic device, or an assembly of separate electrical devices, as well as interconnections and contact pads, are formed (bigenc.rudic.academic.ru). Chips are used in various electronic devices, such as smartphones, computers, and industrial machines. They can perform a variety of functions, acting as processors, memory, indicators, sensors, and other important components (Skyeng.ru).

[0034] A real-time clock (RTC) is an electronic circuit designed to record chronometric data (current time, date, day of the week, etc.). It consists of a system consisting of an independent power source and a recording device. Real-time clocks are most often found in computers, although, in fact, RTCs are present in virtually all electronic devices that need to keep time.

[0035] The purpose of the proposed technical solution is to improve the quality and reliability of remote detection of dangerous changes in the condition of the track in real time while simplifying the system and method for monitoring the track condition.

[0036] The technical objective of the present invention is to create a system that ensures the accuracy of determining and finding locations of non-compliance with established requirements for the condition of a track in real time, which increases the reliability of the system and the quality of the condition of the track.

[0037] The advantages of the declared technical solution are:

[0038] - the ability to automatically notify the user of any deviation of parameters from the calculated, nominal values ​​in real time;

[0039] - monitoring the condition of the track in real time;

[0040] - the ability to analyze received data without operator intervention;

[0041] - collecting information about the state of the track and storing it;

[0042] - practically no maintenance of the control system.

[0043] Disclosure of the essence of the invention

[0044] To achieve this objective, the track condition monitoring system comprises at least one physical parameter recording device, each of which contains at least one vibration sensor from passing vehicles, connected to a microcontroller, which in turn is connected to a wireless communication device, a temporary data storage device, and a power supply. Data obtained by the vibration recording sensors is received by the microcontroller, processed by it, and transmitted to the temporary data storage device. The temporary data storage device can be implemented as flash memory. The temporary data storage device is configured to accumulate the received data, form a data packet, and return the accumulated data packets to the microcontroller.

[0045] The physical parameter recording devices are connected via a wireless communication device to a data analysis means configured to receive, process, store and transmit vibration data obtained from the physical parameter recording devices, wherein the data analysis means processes and analyzes the received data, compares them with the established values ​​for the track to determine the defect of the track, transmits the analysis results to the user device, and also receives control commands from the user device and transmits them to the physical parameter recording device.

[0046] The microcontroller is powered by a battery with the ability to recharge from stray currents of the track.

[0047] The data analysis tool is designed as a server to which physical parameter recording devices transmit packets of accumulated data.

[0048] Physical parameter recording devices may contain an additional communication module that allows receiving commands from a user device and sending data on physical parameters to it.

[0049] Vibration acceleration sensors, and / or vibration displacement sensors, and / or vibration velocity sensors can be used as vibration sensors.

[0050] The data analysis tool contains a real-time clock.

[0051] The data analysis tool, implemented in the form of a server, can be connected to at least two devices for recording physical parameters, the number of which is determined by practical necessity and the technical capabilities of the system elements.

[0052] The essence of the invention is explained by the following description and the accompanying diagrams.

[0053] Brief description of drawings and attached diagrams:

[0054] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the claimed device.

[0055] Fig. 2 shows the conventional placement of the sensor under the sleeper.

[0056] Figure 3 shows a tram connected to a sleeper via an elastic support as a triangle. The sleeper is connected to the ground via elastic ties. These ties are not rigidly defined and can be adjusted over time. F1, F2, and F3 are the forces generated by rail defects, determined by the system. Knowing the sleeper's support reactions, the system allows one to determine the forces acting on the design model.

[0057] Fig. 4 shows an image of the propagation of vibrations from a passing tram.

[0058] Where:

[0059] I – device for recording physical parameters;

[0060] 1 – vibration sensor (accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.);

[0061] 2 – microcontroller;

[0062] 3 – temporary data storage device (flash memory);

[0063] 4 – NB-IoT communication module;

[0064] 5 – power supply device (battery);

[0065] 6 – DC / DC stray current charger;

[0066] 7 – Local Area Network (LoRa) module;

[0067] 8 – data analysis tool (server);

[0068] 9 – user device.

[0069] Implementation of the invention

[0070] Description of the static track condition monitoring system:

[0071] To achieve the stated objective, the track condition monitoring system comprises at least one physical parameter recording device (I), each of which comprises at least one vibration recording sensor (1) from passing vehicles, connected to a microcontroller (2) associated with a wireless communication device (4), a temporary data storage device (3), and a power supply device (battery 5). The data obtained by the vibration recording sensors (1) are received by the microcontroller (2), processed by it, and transmitted to the temporary data storage device (3), implemented, for example, in the form of flash memory. The temporary data storage device (3) is configured to accumulate the received data and form a data packet from it, returning the accumulated data packets to the microcontroller (2).In this case, the physical parameter recording devices (I) are connected via a wireless communication device (4) to a data analysis means (8) configured to receive, process, store and transmit vibration data obtained from the physical parameter recording devices, wherein the data analysis means (8) processes and analyzes the received data, compares them with the established values ​​​​for the track to determine the track defect, transmits the analysis results to the user device (9), and also receives control commands from the user device (9) and transmits them to the physical parameter recording device (I). The microcontroller is powered by a battery (5) connected to a charger (6) from the stray currents of the track. The data analysis means (8) is designed as a server to which the physical parameter recording devices (I) transmit packets of accumulated data.The physical parameter recording devices (I) comprise an additional communications module (7) capable of receiving commands from the user device (9) and sending physical parameter data therefrom. Vibration acceleration, displacement, velocity, and / or other vibration-measuring sensors may be used as vibration sensors (1). The data analysis tool (8) comprises a real-time clock. The data analysis tool (8), implemented as a server, may be connected to at least two physical parameter recording devices (I), the number of which is determined by practical necessity and the technical capabilities of the system elements.

[0072] The track condition monitoring system operates as follows.

[0073] At least one physical parameter recording device (I) shall be placed on the track, for example under the sleepers, to prevent their damage or loss, at equal distances, every 20-100 m. Additional devices may be installed on the following track structural elements: sub-ballast vibration-isolating mats, sleeper pads, reinforced concrete slabs, sleepers, profiles, and clamps. The physical parameter recording device (I) may be implemented as a unit (chip) containing structural elements mounted on a substrate, forming the physical parameter recording device (I). The physical parameter recording device (I) may include various sensors that record vibration signals. When a vehicle moves, the wheelset impacts the rail, causing vibrations that reflect mechanical defects of the track, which are transmitted to the sleeper and along it to the vibration sensors (1).The vibration characteristics depend on the type of defect—cracks, track wear. Furthermore, the presence of track defects can be indicated by the temperature of the rails at the moment a rolling stock passes, which can also be taken into account when determining track defects. The physical parameter recording devices (I) may include a temperature measurement device (thermometer), expanding the capabilities of the overall system. Each device (I) contains at least one vibration recording sensor (1) from passing vehicles, connected to a microcontroller (2), which in turn is connected to wireless communication devices (4, 7), a power source (5, 6), and a temporary data storage device (3).

[0074] Vibration sensors (1) can be mounted on the module's board (chip) and include a three-axis gyroscope and a three-coordinate accelerometer, as well as an ambient temperature sensor. Sensors with an analog output and a wide bandwidth can be used, for example, which together provide sufficient data to identify various track defects. Vibration sensors (1) - accelerometers - are capable of measuring acceleration: 2g, 4g, 8g, and 16g - with a resolution of 18 bits. The actual accuracy of the measured acceleration value is 1 mg. This allows for vibration analysis in the frequency range of 0...2000 Hz.

[0075] Data from the sensors is fed to a microcontroller (2), for example, based on 32-bit Arm® architecture. The microcontroller is housed in a housing.

[0076] The microcontroller (2) communicates with the vibration sensor (1) via the SPI protocol (Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI bus), configuring it as needed and receiving data from it.

[0077] As the vehicle passes, the microcontroller (2) receives measured data from the sensor (1), processes the data, stores it in its RAM, and transmits it to the temporary data storage device (3), which is implemented as flash memory, with which the microcontroller also communicates via the SPI protocol. The information in the data storage device (3) is stored in binary form, after which it is converted and returned to the microcontroller (2) in decimal form. The temporary data storage device (3) is configured to accumulate the received data, form a data packet from it, and return the accumulated data packets to the microcontroller (2). The sensors (1) remove the vibration of the track caused by passing vehicles at a frequency specified by the microcontroller (2).The microcontroller (2) uses software to determine how much information should be stored in flash memory (3) before a specific data packet is generated, formed according to specific criteria, based on specific track condition monitoring tasks. The microcontroller (2) sends the received generated data packet to a remote server (8) via the NB-IoT communication module (4). The microcontroller (2) communicates with the server (8) via the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) protocol. NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) is used for data transmission – a cellular communication standard for low-volume telemetry devices. Since the NB-IoT module's output power does not exceed 23 dBm, energy losses in the track condition monitoring system are minimized. When data transmission is required, the microcontroller (2) gives a command to physically connect the module.After this, the module undergoes physical and software initialization, where the functionality of all module components is checked, the presence of a valid SIM card or eSIM is verified, and the quality of the connection to the network operator's tower is also checked.

[0078] After a data packet has been successfully sent to the server (8), the reception of which has been confirmed by the server, the sent data is deleted from the temporary data storage device - flash memory (3), freeing up space for the next group of data.

[0079] The microcontroller (2) controls the sensors (1), configures the device elements, in particular the sensors (1) (determines the frequency at which vibrations from passing vehicles are picked up), the temporary data storage device – flash memory (3), communication modules (4, 7), receives the set (synchronized) time from the server (8), sends data packets to the server (8), sets the "sleep" power saving mode using software. The microcontroller (2) monitors the time, configures the system elements (1, 3, 4, 7) for switching on and off, distributes which units and when to turn on or switch to low-power mode to optimize energy consumption.

[0080] The server (8) receives data packets from the microcontroller (2) of the physical parameters recording device (I). The server (8) can operate using the computer program "LANGETEK "E" System for Local Analysis of Loads and Geometry of Solid Structural Elements" (registration No. 2025683690, registration date 09 / 05 / 2025), which ensures the operation of the server (8), receives data, compares them according to the rules with the nominal values ​​​​established for the tracks, which are stored in the server (8) database, identifies deviations, determines their compliance with the track condition categories and their defects, and notifies the user device (9) of the identified discrepancies in the condition and defects of the track. The data received from the sensors (1) can be compared with the data obtained during the track test, corresponding to the established requirements and accepted as the reference (nominal). The reference data is entered into the database.After receiving data packets from the microprocessor (2), the server (8) processes and analyzes them using the installed "LANGETEK "E" program. The program is designed to monitor the condition of the track and rolling stock based on vibration analysis. The program receives vibration data packets, enters them into a database, interprets the data, compares them according to the rules with the nominal values ​​established for the track, identifies deviations, determines their compliance with track condition categories and defects, and notifies the user of any identified track condition discrepancies and defects.The "LANGETEK "E" program evaluates the status of data received from the physical parameter recording device (I) and, if packets containing errors or discrepancies are received, returns them to the processing unit (2) of the physical parameter recording device (I), implemented in the form of a microprocessor (2), via a wireless communication device – module (4) – for correction. If the data is correct and no defects are detected, the server (8) acknowledges receipt of the data packet, processes it, compares it with data on the nominal condition of the rails (nominal values) stored in the database, and identifies rail defects and their locations. The database contains data on vibrations corresponding to the normal operating condition of the track. This data is obtained either as a result of research and data collection from the track during its commissioning, or on the basis of calculated and / or standard data.

[0081] The nature of the received vibrations allows us to identify track defects. For example, in the presence of "wave-like rail wear," the vehicle's movement causes vertical vibrations. In the presence of a "step defect," the sensor records a sharp increase in vertical acceleration. Other track defects are also identified by changes in vibration characteristics.

[0082] To ensure the smooth operation of the device, the microcontroller (2) receives and analyzes the response (data receipt confirmation) from the server (8), synchronizing its real-time clock with the time specified in the server's response, which is considered the system's precise time. All clocks in the system's components operate in accordance with the time set by the server. All components of the physical parameter recording device (I) are synchronized with each other. The server (8) determines the operating mode and conditions of all components.

[0083] The data received by the server (8) is entered into the database.

[0084] After processing the received data, the server (8) receives conclusions regarding the detected track defects or their absence and forwards the information to the end user (9). The collected track condition data is converted into the required information presentation format (image, graph, diagram, map, etc.) using the appropriate program and transmitted to the end user's receiving devices (9).

[0085] The communication module (4) provides connection and data transmission from the physical parameter recording device (I) to the server (8) and vice versa. The communication module (7) receives control signals from the user device (9) and enables operational control of the working elements (1, 2, 3) of the physical parameter recording device (I), bypassing the control server (8).

[0086] The control system, specifically the physical parameter recording device (I), is powered by a lithium-ion battery (5) capable of charging the device from stray currents (6). Stray currents are extracted using a copper pin driven into the ground between the sleepers with one contact, and the other contact is attached to the rail. Stray currents are present in the rails, which the device uses to power itself. These currents are influenced by many factors, including soil moisture, distance from the power supply station, and tram power. Stray currents are alternating and must be rectified and smoothed to power the rest of the circuit, which requires direct current.

[0087] The microcontroller (2) monitors the battery voltage (5) and, in the event of a critical discharge, does not perform any actions—measurements, data transfer, etc.—until the battery charge is restored, but instead switches the device to low-power mode. The microcontroller (2) monitors the battery voltage (5), measuring it before performing any actions using its built-in ADC (analog-to-digital converter) or instructing the communication module (4), which also has an on-board ADC, to measure it. This decision is made based on the specific circuit design of the device.

[0088] The monitoring system is in power-saving mode almost all the time. Only the real-time clock, which is located in the microcontroller (2), is operational. When a specified mode is entered, for example, searching for vehicles, in particular trams, the sensors (1) take readings at the specified time intervals. The monitoring period is set by the administrator, the system user (9). The frequency depends on the section's occupancy. As a rule, the minimum occupancy during tram track monitoring is two trams per hour. The microcontroller (2) switches the vibration sensor (1) to vibration search mode, setting its vibration response threshold, and then returns to sleep mode. When a vehicle passes, the vibration sensor (1) wakes up the microcontroller (2), which reads from it at the specified frequency and writes the data to flash memory (3) for storage.After measuring data from a specified number of vehicles, such as trams, the measured data is sent to the server (8) using the NB-IoT communication module (4).

[0089] If necessary, the user device (9), controlled by the administrator or another user, allows changing the frequency of measurements or their number, or changing the wake-up and sleep times in the program, by sending the corresponding commands to the server (8). In this case, the physical parameter recording device (I), when first connecting to the server, receives updated settings from the server (8) or using the local communication module LoRa (7) - a radio module - when the administrator is directly located next to the device. This radio module (7) can also be used to update the sensor software. The radio module (7) allows the administrator to connect to the device located nearby and change its settings, bypassing the server. The user device (9), represented by a user with certain access or an administrator, allows setting the number of measurements either using special programming software or via LoRa (7).

[0090] The data analysis tool (8), implemented as a server, can be connected to at least two physical parameter recording devices (I), the number of which is determined by practical needs and the technical capabilities of the system elements. The server (8) can interact with neural networks.

[0091] Using a track condition monitoring system allows you to determine:

[0092] - wear of the working surfaces of the rails;

[0093] - weld defects;

[0094] - track width widening;

[0095] - unacceptable angles in the plan;

[0096] - curvature of paths in the horizontal plane;

[0097] - vertical differences;

[0098] - vertical vibration;

[0099] - horizontal vibration;

[0100] - noise level;

[0101] - break in rail strings.

[0102] The control system can be implemented using standard devices. The system has been tested on tram infrastructure in Moscow and cities in Western Siberia.

Claims

1. A track condition monitoring system comprising devices for recording physical parameters (I) in a quantity of at least one, each of which comprises sensors for recording vibrations (1) from passing vehicles in a quantity of at least one, connected to a microcontroller (2) associated with a wireless communication device (4), a temporary data storage device (3), a power supply device (5), the data received by the vibration recording sensors (1) are sent to the microcontroller (2), processed by it and transmitted to the temporary data storage device (3), the temporary data storage device (3) is designed with the ability to accumulate the received data and form a data packet from it, returning the accumulated data packets to the microcontroller (2), wherein the physical parameter recording devices (I) are connected via a wireless communication device (4) to a data analysis means (8) configured to receive, process, store and transmit vibration data obtained from the physical parameter recording devices (I), wherein the data analysis means (8) processes and analyzes the received data, compares them with the established values ​​for the track to determine the defect of the track, transmits the analysis results to the user device (9), and also receives control commands from the user device (9) and transmits them to the physical parameter recording device (I), in this case, the microcontroller (2) is powered by the battery (5).

2. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the temporary data storage device (3) is made in the form of flash memory (3).

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data analysis means (8) is designed as a server to which the physical parameter recording devices (I) transmit packets of accumulated data.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for recording physical parameters (I) contain an additional communication module (7) that allows receiving commands from the user device (9) and sending it data on physical parameters.

5. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that vibration acceleration and / or vibration displacement and / or vibration velocity sensors are used as vibration sensors (1).

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data analysis means (8) contains a real-time clock.

7. The system according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the data analysis means (8), implemented in the form of a server, can be connected to at least two devices for recording physical parameters (I), the number of which is determined by practical necessity and the technical capabilities of the system elements.

8. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the battery (5) is recharged from stray currents of the track.

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