Hydro-gas shock absorber

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.SUBSTANCE: hydro-gas absorption apparatus contains a housing, a movable buffer and a separating piston. The end portion of the movable buffer on the housing side is provided with at least one throttle valve, which passes the working fluid from the housing into the movable buffer, as well as a bypass valve, which passes the working fluid from the movable buffer into the housing. The separating piston is installed with the possibility of axial movement inside the movable buffer using radial seals, while the space between the end part of the movable buffer on the side of the housing and the separating piston is filled with working gas. The cylindrical part and the bottom of the housing are made as a single piece, the striker of the relief valve is made in the form of a ball, while the central part of the separating piston on the side facing the housing is equipped with a pusher, which acts on the ball at the end of the stroke of the separating piston towards the housing, the separating piston on the side facing away from the housing has a cavity, the central part of which is equipped with a protrusion.EFFECT: increased reliability of the device.6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

[0001] Field of technology

[0002] The invention relates to shock absorbers using liquid and gas as the absorbing medium, specifically adapted for railway vehicles, and more specifically, to a hydrogas shock absorber. The invention can be used to absorb energy and dampen longitudinal forces acting on rolling stock.

[0003] State of the art

[0004] A hydrogas absorption apparatus is known from the prior art, described in RU 2778581 C1, 22.08.2022, and comprising:

[0005] - a body made essentially in the shape of a glass with a stepped cylindrical inner surface;

[0006] - a movable buffer made in the form of a blind hollow cylinder with a stepped cylindrical outer surface and a cylindrical inner surface, wherein the movable buffer with the possibility of limited axial movement is at least partially installed inside the housing using radial seals, wherein the space between the bottom of the housing and the end part of the buffer on the side of the housing is filled with a working fluid, in addition, the end part of the movable buffer on the side of the housing is provided with at least one throttle valve, which passes the working fluid from the housing into the movable buffer, and is also provided with a bypass valve, which passes the working fluid from the movable buffer into the housing;

[0007] - a separating piston installed with the possibility of axial movement inside the buffer using radial seals, while the space between the end part of the buffer on the side of the housing and the separating piston is filled with working gas.

[0008] In the known solution, the main body is made of a composite cylindrical section and a base, which are connected by threads and a thrust face. This connection has a radial and mechanical seal. Therefore, leakage of the operating fluid along this connection is possible.

[0009] Also, in the known solution, the bypass valve striker is made of a complex geometric shape, due to which it tends to warp and jam, which, accordingly, leads to malfunctions in the bypass valve.

[0010] Furthermore, in the known solution, the separating piston has a cavity with a flat central part, and therefore, due to the low rigidity of the piston, its deformation is possible.

[0011] Based on the above, the known solution is not reliable.

[0012] Disclosure of invention

[0013] Thus, the objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prior art, and the technical result of the invention is to create a reliable hydrogas absorption apparatus that will increase the durability of its operation, as well as increase the service life before major repairs.

[0014] The said technical result is achieved by a hydrogas absorption apparatus, which contains

[0015] a body made essentially in the shape of a glass with a stepped cylindrical inner surface,

[0016] a movable buffer made in the form of a blind hollow cylinder with a stepped cylindrical outer surface and a cylindrical inner surface, wherein the movable buffer with the possibility of limited axial movement is at least partially installed inside the housing using radial seals,

[0017] in this case, the space between the bottom of the housing and the end part of the movable buffer on the housing side is filled with working fluid,

[0018] in addition, the end portion of the movable buffer on the housing side is provided with at least one throttle valve that passes the working fluid from the housing into the movable buffer, and is also provided with a bypass valve that passes the working fluid from the movable buffer into the housing,

[0019] separating piston, installed with the possibility of axial movement inside the movable buffer using radial seals,

[0020] in this case, the space between the end part of the movable buffer on the side of the housing and the separating piston is filled with working gas,

[0021] besides,

[0022] The cylindrical part and the bottom of the body are made in one piece,

[0023] The bypass valve striker is made in the form of a ball, while the central part of the separating piston on the side facing the housing is equipped with a pusher that acts on the ball at the end of the stroke of the separating piston towards the housing,

[0024] The separating piston has a cavity on the side facing away from the housing, the central part of which is provided with a protrusion.

[0025] It should be noted that the described design allows for the creation of a reliable hydrogas absorption device, which will increase its operational durability, as well as extend the service life before major repairs. In particular: the integral production of the cylindrical section and the bottom of the housing prevents depressurization and leakage of the working fluid; the use of a ball as a bypass valve striker ensures the absence of its distortion and ensures the reliable operation of the bypass valve; the provision of a protrusion in the central part of the separator piston cavity increases the rigidity of the separator piston and prevents its deformation.

[0026] In particular forms of implementation, the hydrogas absorption apparatus provides for the following design implementation.

[0027] The mentioned pusher has an internal conical surface at its end that acts on the ball with an apex angle of 140…160°, preferably 150°, which also helps to avoid distortion of the bypass valve striker.

[0028] The elastic element of each throttle valve is made in the form of a set of oppositely located disc washers mounted on a guide, which ensures a small stroke of the locking element and a large force for opening the valve.

[0029] The housing is made of a composite structure consisting of a main part of the housing and an axle box connected to each other, with the inner diameter of the axle box being smaller than the inner diameter of the main part of the housing.

[0030] The movable buffer is made as a composite of a hollow rod and a throttle piston connected to each other, forming the end part of the movable buffer on the housing side, as well as a cover forming the opposite end part of the movable buffer, while the outer diameter of the hollow rod is smaller than the outer diameter of the throttle piston.

[0031] The said cover is provided with a gas charging valve, and the main part of the body is provided with at least one filling means in the form of a threaded hole plugged with a plug.

[0032] Brief description of the drawings

[0033] Fig. 1. Hydrogas absorption apparatus, longitudinal section, unfolded position.

[0034] Fig. 2. Hydrogas absorption apparatus, longitudinal section, intermediate position.

[0035] Fig. 3. Hydrogas absorption apparatus, longitudinal section, folded position.

[0036] Implementation of the invention

[0037] As illustrated in the figures, the hydrogas absorption apparatus comprises the following components.

[0038] A housing formed essentially in the shape of a cup with a stepped cylindrical inner surface. In particular, the housing is made composite of a main part (1) of the housing and an axle box (2) connected to each other (e.g., by means of threaded fasteners), wherein the inner diameter of the axle box (2) is smaller than the inner diameter of the main part (1) of the housing. At the same time, the main part (1) of the housing is provided with at least one filling means (3) in the form of a threaded hole plugged with a plug. Preferably, several filling means (3) are provided, in particular two or more.

[0039] A movable buffer made in the form of a blind hollow cylinder with a stepped cylindrical outer surface and a cylindrical inner surface, wherein the movable buffer with the possibility of limited axial movement is at least partially installed inside the housing using radial seals (see pos. 4) made, for example, of fluoroplastic. In particular, the movable buffer is made as a composite of a hollow rod (5) and a throttle piston (6) connected to each other (for example, by means of a thread), forming the end portion of the movable buffer on the side of the housing, as well as a cover (7) forming the opposite end portion of the movable buffer, wherein the outer diameter of the hollow rod (5) is smaller than the outer diameter of the throttle piston (6). At the same time, the said cover (7) is provided with a gas charging valve (8).

[0040] Separately, it should be noted that, when installing (with the possibility of limited axial movement) a movable buffer, at least partially inside the housing, the stepped cylindrical inner surface of the housing (in particular, formed by the axle box (2) with a smaller inner diameter and the main part (1) of the housing with a larger inner diameter) and the stepped cylindrical outer surface of the movable buffer (in particular, formed by the hollow rod (5) with a smaller outer diameter and the throttle piston (6) with a larger outer diameter), respectively, form 2 pairs of interacting (using radial seals, see pos. 4) cylindrical surfaces. In this case, the mentioned difference in diameters makes it possible to limit the axial movement of the movable buffer inside the housing.

[0041] The space between the bottom of the housing and the end part of the movable buffer on the housing side is filled with working fluid (see pos. 9), for example, hydraulic oil.

[0042] The end portion of the movable buffer on the housing side (in particular, formed by the throttle piston (6)) is provided with at least one throttle valve (10), which passes the working fluid from the housing into the movable buffer, and is also provided with a bypass valve (11), which passes the working fluid from the movable buffer into the housing. Preferably, several throttle valves (10) are provided, in particular, two or more. In particular, the elastic element of each throttle valve (10) is designed in the form of a set of oppositely arranged disc washers mounted on a guide.

[0043] The separating piston (12) is installed with the possibility of axial movement inside the movable buffer using radial seals (see item 13) made, for example, from fluoroplastic.

[0044] The space between the end part of the movable buffer on the side of the housing and the separating piston (12) is filled with a working gas (see pos. 14), for example, nitrogen.

[0045] As illustrated in the figures, the cylindrical part and the bottom of the body are made in one piece, such as by boring and then honing or grinding.

[0046] The bypass valve striker is shaped like a ball. The central portion of the separator piston, on the side facing the housing, is equipped with a pusher that acts on the ball at the end of the separator piston's stroke toward the housing. Specifically, the end of the pusher has an internal conical surface acting on the ball with an apex angle of 140° to 160°, preferably 150°.

[0047] In addition, as illustrated in the figures, the separating piston has a cavity on the side facing away from the housing, the central part of which is provided with a protrusion.

[0048] The hydrogas absorption apparatus works as follows.

[0049] Preliminarily, the hydrogas absorption apparatus is installed in the structure of a rolling stock so that during shunting collisions of wagons, the said apparatus takes the shock load. In particular, during wagon collisions, the shock load is taken up by a movable buffer, which moves in the housing, acting on the working fluid located between the bottom of the housing and the end part of the movable buffer on the housing side. Under the action of the movable buffer, the working fluid begins to flow through at least one throttle valve into the movable buffer. Getting into the movable buffer, the working fluid initiates the movement of the separating piston (see Fig. 2), compressing the working gas, up to the maximum position (see Fig. 3) of working gas compression. After the cessation of the said shock load, under the action of the compressed working gas, the separating piston tends to its original position (see Fig.2), forcing the working fluid from the movable buffer into the housing through the bypass valve, thereby returning the movable buffer to its initial position. The hydrogas absorption apparatus operates periodically according to the described scheme.

Claims

1. A hydrogas absorbing apparatus comprising a housing made essentially in the form of a cup with a stepped cylindrical inner surface, a movable buffer made in the form of a blind hollow cylinder with a stepped cylindrical outer surface and a cylindrical inner surface, wherein the movable buffer with the possibility of limited axial movement is at least partially installed inside the housing using radial seals, wherein the space between the bottom of the housing and the end portion of the movable buffer on the side of the housing is filled with a working fluid, in addition, the end portion of the movable buffer on the side of the housing is provided with at least one throttle valve that passes the working fluid from the housing into the movable buffer, and is also provided with a bypass valve that passes the working fluid from the movable buffer into the housing, a separating piston,mounted with the possibility of axial movement inside a movable buffer using radial seals, wherein the space between the end portion of the movable buffer on the side away from the housing and the separating piston is filled with a working gas, characterized in that the cylindrical portion and the bottom of the housing are made as a single piece, the striker of the bypass valve is made in the form of a ball, wherein the central portion of the separating piston on the side facing the housing is provided with a pusher that acts on the ball at the end of the stroke of the separating piston towards the housing, the separating piston on the side facing away from the housing has a cavity, the central portion of which is provided with a protrusion.

2. The apparatus according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the said pusher has at its end an internal conical surface acting on the ball with an angle at the apex of 140...160°, preferably 150°.

3. The apparatus according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the elastic element of each throttle valve is made in the form of a set of oppositely located disc washers mounted on a guide.

4. The apparatus according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the housing is made as a composite of the main part of the housing and the axle box connected to each other, wherein the internal diameter of the axle box is smaller than the internal diameter of the main part of the housing.

5. The apparatus according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the movable buffer is made as a composite of a hollow rod and a throttle piston connected to each other, forming the end portion of the movable buffer on the side of the housing, as well as a cover forming the opposite end portion of the movable buffer, wherein the outer diameter of the hollow rod is smaller than the outer diameter of the throttle piston.

6. The apparatus according to paragraphs 4 and 5, characterized in that the said cover is provided with a gas-charging valve, and the main part of the body is provided with at least one filling means in the form of a threaded hole sealed with a plug.

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