Labyrinth hydrodiode
Optimized hydraulic diodes with varying plate lengths and angles address the issues of size and complexity, enhancing performance and efficiency at low and medium pressures.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FEDERALNOE GOSUDARSTVENNOE AVTONOMNOE OBRAZOVATELNOE UCHREZHDENIE VYSSHEGO OBRAZOVANIYA OMSKIJ GOSUDARSTVENNYJ TEKHNICHESKIJ UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing hydraulic diodes exhibit low diode ratio and uncertainty in channel spacing, leading to increased dimensions, weight, and manufacturing complexity, particularly at low and medium pressures.
Hydraulic diodes with plates of varying lengths and optimized angles and spacings, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, to enhance diode performance and reduce material consumption.
The design achieves reduced dimensions, lower material usage, and improved diode performance at low and medium pressures, while maintaining efficient flow regulation.
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Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to the field of control or regulation of liquid flow and can be used in various hydraulic systems in which it is necessary to regulate flow parameters at low and medium pressures, including as shut-off elements of periodic hydraulic machines (for example, in pumps).
[0002] Hydraulic diodes (hereinafter referred to as hydrodiodes) are known, containing a channel with elements installed in it, having surfaces inclined towards the direct flow (see, for example, Nosov E.Yu. Increasing the efficiency of hydropneumatic units with a rolling rotor. Abstract of Cand. Sci. Dissertation, 2009, p. 14, Fig. 12).
[0003] The closest to the claimed technical device is a hydrodiode containing a channel of rectangular cross-section for the passage of a liquid or gaseous medium, in which pairs of rigid plates are installed on two opposite sides of the channel, inclined at an angle towards the direct flow (see Russian Federation Patent No. 2760511, IPC G05D 7 / 01, published 11 / 25 / 2021, Bulletin No. 33, Figs. 1–5).
[0004] The disadvantage of known designs is their low diode ratio (the ratio of the forward flow rate to the reverse flow rate), especially when operating at low and medium liquid pressures, and the existence of uncertainty in the distance between the channels of individual diodes included in the package of the entire hydrodiode, which forces the designer to use a large number of them, which, in turn, increases the dimensions, weight and technological complexity of manufacturing hydrodiodes.
[0005] The technical objective of the invention is to reduce the material consumption, dimensions and technological complexity of manufacturing hydrodiodes, as well as to increase their diode performance when operating at low and medium pressures and liquids.
[0006] This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known hydrodiode containing a channel of rectangular cross-section for the passage of a liquid medium, in which pairs of rigid plates are installed on two opposite sides along the channel, inclined at an angle towards the direct flow, according to the invention, the plates have different lengths and are installed in such a way that the distance between the cross-section of the channel formed by two pairs of adjacent plates is Ω≥l1cos β, where β is the angle of inclination of the plate plane to the channel wall, and l1 is the length of the larger plate. Furthermore, the number of plate pairs N installed in the channel can range from 4 to 8; the plate inclination angle, equal to the angle between the plate plane and the channel wall plane into which the plates are installed, can range from 20 to 40 degrees; plates fixed on one side of the housing alternate in length (larger – smaller – larger, etc.).
[0007] The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings:
[0008] Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a hydrodiode,
[0009] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the hydrodiode by plane A-A.
[0010] Fig. 3 shows a diode in the process of liquid flowing through it in the forward direction (from left to right),
[0011] Fig. 4 shows a diode during the process of liquid flowing through it in the opposite direction (from right to left).
[0012] Fig. 5 shows a graph of the dependence of diode capacity D on distances l, s for given β and Ω.
[0013] The hydrodiode (Fig. 1 and 2) has a housing containing upper 1 and lower 2 plates and side walls 3 and 4, pulled together by threaded fasteners 5 to form a channel of rectangular cross-section 6 for the passage of a liquid medium. In this channel, along it, on two of its opposite sides (plates 1 and 2), in grooves 7, pairs of rigid plates 8 and 9 are installed, wherein plate 8 has a greater length l1, and plate 9 has a shorter length l2, inclined at an angle β (see also Fig. 3) towards the direct flow. The height of the channel from the upper 1 and lower 2 plates to the edge of the smaller plate 9 is l. The distance from the edge of the smaller plate 9 to the edge of the larger plate 8 is s. The plates are installed in a checkerboard pattern, that is, in plate 1 there is an alternation of a long plate 8 and a short plate 9, and in plate 2, vice versa.
[0014] The angle β of the inclination of the plates 8 and 9 is equal to the angle between the plane of these plates and the plane of the plates 1 and 2, respectively, in which they are installed.
[0015] The distance Ω between pairs of plates is greater than or equal to the product l1⋅cos β, where l1 is the length of the part of plate 8 protruding into channel 6, and β is the angle of inclination of the plates.
[0016] The hydrodiode operates as follows (Fig. 3 and 4).
[0017] During a straight flow (Fig. 3), the flow lines (indicated by arrows) encounter virtually no resistance, and the fluid flows around plates inclined toward the flow. Therefore, the fluid flow rate in the straight flow is virtually the same as the flow rate through a channel whose cross-section is equal to the area of channel 6 free from plates 8 and 9.
[0018] During reverse flow (Fig. 4), a portion of the fluid flow (indicated by arrows) is deflected by inclined plates 8 and 9 toward the surface of plates 1 and 2, "resting" on the pocket between the plates, creating a reverse flow and a vortex that impede fluid movement. As a result, the hydraulic resistance of the hydrodiode significantly exceeds the resistance to fluid flow in the forward direction. Consequently, the fluid flow rate in the reverse direction is significantly lower than the fluid flow rate in the forward direction.
[0019] The above-described operation of the hydrodiode is estimated by the diode capacity D, which is equal to the ratio of the flow rate during direct flow of liquid Q ПР to the flow of liquid in the opposite directionQ ОБ at the same pressure at the inlet to the hydrodiode: D = Q ПР / Q ОБ .
[0020] Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the diode efficiency of such a hydrodiode virtually ceases to increase after a certain number of plate pairs are installed in the hydrodiode channel. For example, the diode efficiency in water with 8 plate pairs is higher than with 7 or fewer plate pairs, but further increases in the number of plate pairs have virtually no effect. Furthermore, a decrease in diode efficiency begins to be clearly observed as the number of plate pairs increases from 5 or more. The optimal maximum number of working plate pairs also depends on the viscosity of the liquid, but on average, at N ≥ 8, diode efficiency virtually ceases to increase.
[0021] Research also showed that there is a clear optimum for the plate tilt angle β, and in a hydrodiode of this design, the optimal plate tilt angle is approximately 30 degrees. Fulfilling this condition allows hydrodiodes to be manufactured with maximum diode efficiency.
[0022] The conducted studies also revealed the influence of the distance between the cross-section of the channel formed by two pairs of adjacent plates on diode performance. It was found that in a hydrodiode of this design, the optimal distance between the cross-section of the channel formed by two pairs of adjacent plates, ensuring maximum diode performance, is Ω≈ 40 mm (Fig. 5).
[0023] Research also revealed a significant dependence of the diode efficiency D on the distances s and l. It was established that in a hydrodiode of this design, the optimal distance, which ensures maximum diode efficiency and is the channel height from the upper and lower plates to the edge of the smaller plate, is l ≈ 1 mm. The distance from the edge of the smaller plate to the edge of the larger plate should be s ≈ 6.3 mm (Fig. 5).
[0024] Thus, it should be recognized that the technical task has been fully accomplished, and the proposed design relationships make it possible to make a hydrodiode with minimal dimensions, with minimal material costs, and to manufacture it with maximum diode capacity.
Claims
A hydrodiode comprising a rectangular channel for the passage of a liquid medium, in which pairs of rigid plates inclined at an angle towards the direct flow are mounted on two opposite sides along the channel, characterized in that the plates have different lengths and are mounted in such a way that the distance Ω between adjacent pairs of plates is Ω ≥ l1cos β, where β is the angle of inclination of the plane of the plates to the channel wall, l1 is the length of the greater part of the plate protruding into the channel; the number of pairs of plates N mounted in the channel is in the range of 4÷8 pieces; the angle of inclination of the plates, equal to the angle between the plane of the plates and the plane of the channel wall into which the plates are mounted, is in the range of 20÷40 degrees; the plates, fixed on one side of the housing, alternate in length.