Way to increase productivity of fish

Abstract

FIELD: fisheries.SUBSTANCE: used for fish farming. The method involves feeding the fish a compound feed, a layer of which is pre-sprayed with the amino acids: isoleucine, valine and leucine dissolved in distilled water, in a ratio of 1:1:2. The total amount of the specified amino acids in the compound feed is 80% of the total amount of amino acids contained in the compound feed. The processed compound feed is dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 45-55 °C for 2-3 hours and used for feeding.EFFECT: increase in fish productivity indicators and the quality of final fish farming products.1 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

[0001] The invention relates to agriculture and fisheries, in particular to aquaculture, fish farming and can be used to increase fish productivity and the quality of final fish farming products.

[0002] A known method for increasing fish productivity (RU Patent 2796824) involves feeding a thin layer of feed pre-sprayed with ultrafine iron particles, 100±2 nm in size, dispersed in distilled water by high-temperature condensation for 30 minutes at a frequency of 35 kHz. These particles are also dissolved in distilled water and contain the probiotic preparation "Bifidumbacterin" at a concentration of 0.747 mg / kg of feed. A disadvantage of this method is the high-temperature condensation of ultrasonic particles in distilled water, resulting in high mineral losses, and labor-intensive monitoring.

[0003] A method for increasing fish productivity is known (patent RU 2826314), characterized by the fact that a thin layer of feed is sprayed with the enzyme preparation Glucavamorin in the amount of 0.5 g / kg of feed and the enzyme preparation Amylosubtilin in the amount of 0.5 g / kg of feed, previously dissolved in distilled water.

[0004] The common disadvantages of the above methods are high labor intensity and duration of the method, in addition, these methods use complex technological equipment for their production and do not take into account the level of transition of feed components into the final aquaculture product, which affects their overall cost, as well as the complexity of production.

[0005] The closest to the invention in terms of the set of essential features, adopted as a prototype, is the method for preparing a feed product (according to patent RU 2789437), including feeding compound feed, characterized in that a thin layer of feed is sprayed with amino acids: arginine at a dose of 25 g / kg of feed, lysine at a dose of 21 g / kg, methionine at a dose of 10 g / kg, previously dissolved in distilled water, and ultrafine SiO2 particles obtained by the method of plasma-chemical synthesis, with a size of 388 ± 117 nm, at a dose of 200 mg / kg of feed, pre-treated with ultrasound in distilled water for 30 minutes at a frequency of 35 kHz. The disadvantage of this method is due to the complexity of the production processes, caused by high-temperature condensation of dispersed ultrasound in distilled water, high losses of mineral substances and the difficulty of controlling the method, variable chemical composition and complexity of production.

[0006] The claimed invention is aimed at solving a technical problem caused by the creation of increased methods for increasing fish productivity, ensuring the production of high-quality raw materials and reducing losses.

[0007] The technical result of the invention is an increase in fish productivity, namely an increase in live weight, daily gains, improved health and a reduction in feed costs while simultaneously increasing the biological value of the resulting products.

[0008] To solve the technical problem and achieve the stated result, a method for feeding fish is proposed, which includes feeding a compound feed, a layer of which is pre-sprayed with amino acids dissolved in distilled water, which are isoleucine, valine and leucine, taken in a ratio of 1:1:2, while the total amount of these amino acids in the compound feed is 80% of the total amount of amino acids contained in the compound feed, the processed compound feed is dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 45-55 °C for 2-3 hours and used for feeding.

[0009] Examples of specific implementation of the invention. For the experiment, compound feeds with specified quality indicators were prepared. The ratio of all feed components was calculated using the "Feed Optima" program. The study examined the effect of adding different concentrations of amino acids (isoleucine, valine and leucine) to the diet of Nile tilapia on growth performance and feed efficiency. The experiment was conducted for 27 days using four experimental groups: prototype (control) - the basic diet (BD); option 1 - BD + 20% isoleucine; option 2 - BD + 20% isoleucine + 20% valine; option 3 - BD + 20% isoleucine + 20% valine + 40% leucine. The fish were kept under identical conditions in separate 100-liter aquariums at a stocking density of 200 pcs / m. 3 (table 1).

[0010]

[0011] Fish from each group were kept in a separate 100-liter aquarium. The conditions for all groups were identical and met the required technological parameters. Nile tilapia was chosen as the research subject. Fish performance results are presented in Table 2.

[0012]

[0013] The results of the study showed that the addition of amino acids has a positive effect on the growth performance of Nile tilapia. The average fish weight at the end of the experiment was 124.7 g in the control group, 140.1 g in variant 1, 151.2 g in variant 2, and 150.0 g in variant 3. The highest absolute increase was noted in variant 3 (65.9 g / pc.), which is 37.3% higher than the control value (48.0 g / pc.). In variant 2, the absolute increase was 63.2 g / pc. (31.7% higher than the control), and in variant 1 - 54.3 g / pc. (13.1% higher than the control).

[0014] The average daily gain was also higher in the experimental groups compared to the control. The highest value of this indicator was observed in variant 3 - 2.44 g / pc. per day, which is significantly higher than the control value (1.78 g / pc. per day). In variant 2, the average daily gain was 2.34 g / pc., and in variant 1 - 2.01 g / pc. per day. The relative growth rate was also maximum in variant 3 (2.17%), exceeding the control (1.82%), variant 1 (1.83%) and variant 2 (2.02%).

[0015] An important indicator of fish farming efficiency is the mass accumulation coefficient (Km), which was 0.083 in the control group, while in the experimental groups this indicator was higher: 0.087 in variant 1, 0.098 in variant 2, and 0.104 in variant 3. This indicates more efficient use of feed nutrients with the addition of amino acids.

[0016] Notably, the daily ration, expressed as a percentage of fish body weight, was lower in the experimental groups compared to the control (3.44%). In Variant 1, this figure was 3.18% (92.4% of the control), in Variant 2 - 3.00% (87.2% of the control), and in Variant 3 - 3.07% (89.2% of the control). This indicates more efficient feed utilization with the addition of amino acids.

[0017] Feed consumption per 1 kg of fish weight gain decreased significantly in the experimental groups. In the control group, this indicator was 1.95 kg / kg, while in variant 1 it was 1.79 kg / kg, in variant 2 - 1.53 kg / kg, and in variant 3 - 1.47 kg / kg. Accordingly, protein consumption per 1 kg of gain also decreased: from 645.5 g / kg in the control to 592.5 g / kg in variant 1 (91.8% of the control), 506.4 g / kg in variant 2 (78.5% of the control) and 486.6 g / kg in variant 3 (75.4% of the control).

[0018] The increase in their thiomass per cubic meter per day was the highest in option 3 (488.148 g / m 3 / day), which exceeds the control value (355.556 g / m 3 / day) by 37.3%. In option 2, this figure was 468.148 g / m 3 / day, and in option 1 - 402.222 g / m 3 / day.

[0019] Thus, the results of the study indicate that the combined addition of 20% isoleucine, 20% valine and 40% leucine from the sum of these amino acids in compound feed to the diet of Nile tilapia has the most pronounced positive effect on growth performance and feed efficiency.

[0020] Compared to the prototype, the proposed method will ensure an increase in fish productivity, namely an increase in live weight, daily gains, improved health, and a reduction in feed costs while simultaneously increasing the biological value of the resulting products.

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