Method for stimulating growth of spring barley

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method for stimulating the growth of spring barley is proposed, which includes the isolation of humic acids from the soil by alkaline extraction, purification of the resulting extract using ion-exchange resins, followed by treatment with a 0.1 M solution of potassium nitrate to obtain potassium humate. The obtained potassium humate is used for pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds with an exposure of 5 s at a dose of 0.5 l / t, and then foliar feeding of spring barley crops is carried out twice during the tillering phase at a dose of 0.5 l / ha.EFFECT: increased growth of spring barley.2 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

[0001] The invention relates to agronomy and can be used as a growth stimulator for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding.

[0002] Potassium humate increases the intensity of metabolic processes in the soil, improves soil regimes, which allows plants to better absorb macro- and microelements. The use of potassium humate can improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought or high salinity by improving water balance and increasing water use efficiency [Ahmad, S., Ahmad, N., Khan, M.N., Ercisli, S., Iqbal, R. (2025). Use of biostimulants to enhance drought tolerance of oilseed crops. In: Abdel Lateef, A.A.H. (ed.) Oil Crops under Abiotic Stress. Sustainability Sciences in Asia and Africa. Springer, Singapore]. In addition, humates promote the growth of beneficial soil microorganisms, which leads to improved decomposition of organic matter and increased availability of nutrients for plants [Sani, AW, & Makhdum, AT (2019).Effect of potassium humate on the growth and biochemical attributes of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under different irrigation regimes.Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42(3), 267-278.].

[0003] There are various plant growth stimulants that help improve their growth, development, and stress resistance [Lammas, M. E. Productivity and grain quality of spring barley using plant growth biostimulants / M. E. Lammas, A. V. Shitikova. - Moscow: Mechanization and electrification of agriculture, 2024. - 200 p.]. Epin is a preparation based on a natural phytohormone that protects plants from stress and increases their resistance to adverse conditions, increasing seed germination and yield [2 572 342 Application: 2014131559 / 10, 07 / 29 / 2014]. Zircon, which is a biostimulant based on echinacea extract, stimulates root formation, activates the growth and development of plants, increasing their resistance to diseases and stress [2,781,973 Application: 2022108543, 03 / 29 / 2022].

[0004] Potassium humate is considered one of the most effective biostimulants used in agriculture. It consists of high-molecular, nitrogen-containing, heterocyclic, dark-colored organic compounds that contain potassium in ionic form.

[0005] Potassium humate improves photosynthesis, increasing biomass accumulation and crop productivity. It activates cell division, strengthens the root system, and improves plant resistance to stress.

[0006] Potassium humate improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. It increases the soil's water-holding capacity and improves its structure, which in turn improves conditions for plant root development.

[0007] The use of potassium humate in the cultivation of agricultural crops leads to the formation of favorable conditions for their growth and development, an increase in their productivity and the resilience of the ecosystem as a whole to unfavorable factors.

[0008] The registered inventions in this field are: A PLANT GROWTH STIMULATOR ENRICHED WITH CALCIUM, A METHOD FOR PRODUCING IT AND A METHOD FOR PROCESSING SEEDS (2 514 659, (2012134999 / 10, 15.08.2012), A PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR "TRIER-UNIVERSAL" (2275806, (2004125008 / 04, 16.08.2004), A METHOD FOR STIMULATING PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS (2680582, (2017146792, 28.12.2017)

[0009] The objective of the invention: stimulation of growth biochemical processes in a plant organism, contributing to an increase in the energy of germination and seed viability, as well as an increase in the vegetative mass of plants.

[0010] The solution to the given problem allows us to:

[0011] 1. Expanding the range of environmentally friendly biological plant growth stimulants

[0012] 2. The proposed technology for producing potassium humate allows for increased yield and purity of the product, reduced toxicity by minimizing waste, and the use of regenerated resins. The process eliminates the use of aggressive reagents.

[0013] 3. The proposed technology for using potassium humate in barley cultivation helps modulate plant physiological processes, optimizing their metabolism and adaptation; stimulates seed germination and viability; enhances root formation, increases photosynthetic activity and biomass; increases plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses under climate change; reduces dependence on agrochemicals and improves environmental sustainability.

[0014] Examples of specific implementation:

[0015] Humic acids were extracted and separated from soils as follows. An average 150 g subsample of air-dried soil was taken, roots were removed, the soil was ground in a mortar, and sifted through a 1 mm sieve. Then, 100 g of the prepared soil was weighed on a technical scale, transferred to a 1 L conical flask, and filled with 300 ml of a freshly prepared mixture of 0.1 M pyrophosphate and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (pH of the mixture was approximately 13). The flask was stoppered to isolate it from the CO2 in the air and shaken on a rotator for 30 minutes. Then, to separate the released humic substances from the remaining soil, the solution was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 20 minutes. This resulted in a clear, dark-colored extract containing humic acids. A few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid were added to the flask containing the resulting solution until the pH reached 1.5–2. The mixture was centrifuged for 20 minutes.The resulting solution was an acidic fulvic acid solution and a humic acid precipitate. The precipitate was then dissolved in the smallest possible amount of 0.05 M sodium hydroxide solution. The centrifugate was placed in porcelain cups and evaporated to dryness in a water bath at 40°C. The dried sodium humate samples were carefully removed with a razor blade and placed in glass containers with ground-glass lids. The samples were then purified by ion exchange using KU-2 cation exchange resin and AV-17-8 anion exchange resin. The dry ion exchange resin was kept in a saturated sodium chloride solution for 24 hours, then in a 10% solution for 24 hours, and then in a 3% solution for another 12 hours. After this, the ion exchange resin was washed with distilled water to remove excess salt and treated with 1 M hydrochloric acid for the cation exchange resin and 1 M sodium hydroxide for the anion exchange resin, changing them several times. The ion exchange resins were then rinsed with distilled water until neutral. The resulting cation exchange resin was KU-2-8 in N. + -form and anionite AB-17 in OH --form. A 1-gram sodium humate solution was dissolved in 25 ml of water, 5 ml of wet anion exchange resin was added, and a hydrogen electrode was immersed in the solution. The mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer, and the pH of the solution was measured with an I-160 laboratory ion meter. An ion exchange reaction occurred in the mixture. Ion exchange equilibrium, determined by achieving a constant ion meter reading, was established on the anion exchange resin over 20-30 minutes. The solution was then separated from the anion exchange resin, and a similar operation was performed with the cation exchange resin. Equilibrium was reached within 10-15 minutes. The solution was separated from the cation exchange resin and dried at room temperature. They were then converted to the potassium form using a 0.01 M potassium nitrate solution. The resulting potassium humates were dried, and 0.1% aqueous working solutions were prepared.

[0016] A comparison of the composition of commercial and proprietary potassium humate-based products revealed that the highest exchangeable potassium content is found in highly purified potassium humate (hereinafter referred to as Potassium Humate in the tables and figures) and "Swiss Alexelerator." The pH of the highly purified potassium humate-based growth biostimulant is neutral at 6.7. Agrochemical parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0017] Table 1. Main agrochemical indicators of the studied organomineral fertilizers Indicator Swiss Alexelerator LLC Pharmkomplekt LLC Rostok Green LLC Highly purified growth biostimulant based on potassium humate K2O (% DM) 3,55 0,51 3,10 5,5 P2O5 (% DM) 3,64 0,48 0,22 0,8 Ntotal (% DM) 0,55 2,48 1,33 3,8 pH of the working solution of the drug 7,26 7,35 7,33 6,7 pH of the drug 5,72 5,43 9,98 6,5

[0018] Pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds of the Despina RS-1 variety was carried out with the analyzed potassium humate preparations. The following dosage was used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations: a highly purified growth biostimulant based on potassium humate was applied at a dose of 1 ml of the working solution of the preparation per 1 liter of water (0.5 l of the preparation per 1 ton of seeds). Treatment lasted 5 seconds and 12 hours. The results of determining the germination energy and germination rate are presented in Figs. 1 and 2. When comparing the effects of various preparations on germination energy, it was found that treatment with a highly purified growth biostimulant based on potassium humate with a 5-second exposure yielded a 22% increase relative to the control.

[0019] During experiments, we found that the product has a fairly balanced chemical composition and a neutral pH. When studying the effects of pre-sowing seed treatment with various products, we found that high germination energy (88%) and viability (98% with a 5-second treatment) were observed in the variants treated with highly purified potassium humate. Pre-sowing seed treatment increased germination by approximately 13% compared to the control. Overall, all products had a positive effect on the studied parameters.

[0020] When using this preparation as foliar feeding twice during the tillering phase, the following plant parameters were assessed (Table 2).

[0021] Table 2. Determination of some parameters of barley harvested in the booting phase, according to variants of vegetation experiment Option Plant length in avg. m plants raw m plants dry Control 37,6 6,11 0,79 Background (N60P30K30) 44,4 11,15 1,36 Background + HUMAT7NK (10 ml + 1lH2O) 44,0 9,59 1,28 Background + Pharmkoplekt (10 ml + 1lH2O) 45,5 10,73 1,31 Background + LOMONOSOFF (1 ml + 1 l H2O) 46,3 11,03 1,40 Background + Potassium humate (1 ml + 1 l H2O) 47,4 11,91 1,36 HSR 0.95 0,3 0,25 0,22

[0022] It was found that the greatest plant length was observed in the variant treated with potassium humate (almost 10 cm longer than the control). The maximum aboveground weight was also observed in this experimental variant.

[0023] The data obtained indicate that a highly purified potassium humate-based preparation used for seed treatment and foliar application has a pronounced stimulating effect on the growth of spring barley of the Despina RS-1 variety. Furthermore, this preparation demonstrates high effectiveness in short-term pre-sowing seed treatment, saving time on this technological operation.

[0024] During field trials of highly purified potassium humate in a stationary experiment at the Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science and Agroecology of the Voronezh State Agricultural University in four replicates, applied as foliar feeding of spring barley at a dose of 0.5 l / ha twice during the heading phase, the following average results were obtained (Table 3).

[0025] Table 3 Results of a field experiment on testing a highly purified growth biostimulant based on potassium humate on spring barley crops Variants of experience Height of barley, cm Ear length, cm Ear weight, g Weight of 1000 grains Yield, c / ha Control 43,9 4,7 0,62 42,0 24 Background N60P30K30 50,1 4,9 0,74 43,56 28 Background + potassium humate 52,2 5,3 0,75 44,86 30,4 HSR095 2,5 0,37 0,04 2,1 2,3

[0026] It was found that the use of highly purified potassium humate against the background of mineral fertilizers gave a reliable increase in relation to the control of 26.7%, and to the background of 8.6%.

Claims

1. A method for stimulating the growth of spring barley, which includes the isolation of humic acids from the soil by alkaline extraction, purification of the resulting extract using ion-exchange resins, followed by treatment with a 0.1 M solution of potassium nitrate to obtain potassium humate, characterized in that the obtained potassium humate is used for pre-sowing treatment of spring barley seeds with an exposure of 5 s at a dose of 0.5 l / t, and then foliar feeding of spring barley crops is carried out twice during the tillering phase at a dose of 0.5 l / ha.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the ion exchange resins include the cation exchanger KU-2 and the anion exchanger AV-17-8.

Images