Grain cleaner
The two-tier sieve arrangement with brushes and levers optimizes grain cleaning machines, enhancing productivity and reducing dimensions, addressing design complexity and energy costs, achieving efficient grain separation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- OBSHCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOJ OTVETABTVENNOSTJU NAUCHNO PROIZVODSTVENNAJA FA AGROMASH
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing grain cleaning machines face challenges with increased overall dimensions and design complexity as productivity is enhanced, necessitating redesigns and additional components for expanded capabilities, while maintaining relatively large dimensions compared to capacity.
A two-tier sieve arrangement with brushes and two-arm levers on the grain cleaning machine frame, allowing for increased productivity and reduced dimensions by optimizing sieve cleaning area and length, and incorporating adjustable dividers and disconnectable chutes for efficient grain fraction separation.
The solution achieves a 2.5 times increase in productivity with reduced energy costs and a 2.5 times decrease in screening frame length without compromising cleaning quality, enabling machines with capacities up to 240 tons/hour.
Smart Images
Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used as a machine for cleaning grain.
[0002] A grain cleaning machine is known (patent RU 2743367, 01.06.2020, B 079 / 00 (2006) 01) containing a receiving leveling bin, a first air duct, a screen part of the grain cleaning machine containing two screen mills located one above the other and operating sequentially with screens for various purposes installed on them, while in the upper screen mill, underseeding and ear screens are installed, and for removing the obtained grain fractions and impurities there are transverse chutes, each screen mill has the same number of tiers for placing screens, while on the lower screen mill only underseeding and sorting screens are installed, operating sequentially, and their total number is equal to the total number of screens installed on the upper screen mill, and on the upper screen mill under the underseeding screens a switchable a chute with a removable partition, a second air duct, sedimentation chambers with augers and places for connecting fans.
[0003] The disadvantage of this grain cleaning device is that the increase in productivity is accompanied by a sharp increase in the overall dimensions of the device.
[0004] Furthermore, the two-tiered screen arrangement in the screen section of the device for complete grain cleaning, with each tier located in a different screen frame, necessitates the addition of double-slope boards, which complicates the design and, as the device's throughput increases, necessitates redesigning it. Furthermore, to expand the device's technological capabilities, it is necessary to incorporate additional disconnectable transverse chutes and the ability to reposition the seed, ear, and sorting screens. Disadvantages also include the relatively large overall dimensions of the grain cleaning machine relative to its capacity.
[0005] The closest to the proposed invention is a grain cleaning machine adopted by us as a prototype ((patent RU 2824210, 31.01.2024) including a receiving leveling bin, a first air duct passing in the upper part into a settling chamber with a screw and a fan installed on it, a sieve section consisting of 2 sieve stands located one above the other with underseeding, ear and sorting sieves installed in them, and the total area of the underseeding and sorting sieves on the machine is larger than the total area of the ear sieves, and for the removal of the obtained grain fractions and impurities there are transverse chutes, each sieve stand has the same number of tiers for placing sieves, and the total number of sieves installed on the lower sieve stand is equal to the total number of sieves installed on the upper sieve stand, behind the sieve part a second one is mounted air duct,passing in the upper part into the second settling chamber with a screw and a fan installed on it, under-seeding, ear and sorting sieves are installed in both sieve boxes so that they form a 2-tier arrangement of sieves, and on the first tier are installed the sorting and ear sieves, and on the second tier the under-seeding and sorting sieves, all sieves are cleaned with brushes, on the 2nd tier behind the first and second sieves are installed disconnectable troughs with removable partitions, in each sieve box can be installed n-number of 2-tiered sieves, while every two tiers of sieves are separated from the others by a bottom, and in the lower part of the first air duct at the same time K flag adjustable dividers are mounted for the flow of grain mixture fed to the sieve part of the machine, where n=1; 2; 4; 8; 16, and K=(n × 2) - 1.,
[0006] The introduction of a 2-tier sieve arrangement in the design of the grain cleaning machine for complete grain cleaning in each of the sieve mills made it possible to increase the productivity of the grain cleaning machine by 2 times with virtually no increase in overall dimensions, therefore, in order to obtain a grain cleaning machine with the same productivity, it is sufficient to reduce the width of the sieve mills by 2 times.Furthermore, if a grain cleaning machine of this design is equipped with two-arm levers whose axles are mounted on its frame such that the ends of one arm of the two levers are movably connected via drive rods to the brush frames, and the ends of the other arms are also movably connected via drive rods to the screen pan housings, this will ensure relative movement of the screen pans and the corresponding brush frames, thereby increasing the screen cleaning area per crankshaft revolution. The brushes within the brush frames should be installed at a pitch equal to or less than the crank radius of the screen pan drive crankshaft. These design modifications to the grain cleaning machine will allow the screen length to be reduced by up to 2.5 times while maintaining the same performance.
[0007] The aim of the invention is to sharply reduce the overall dimensions of the grain cleaning machine while maintaining its productivity, as well as to significantly reduce energy costs for cleaning a unit of production.
[0008] The stated objective of the invention is achieved in that in the proposed device of a grain cleaning machine, including a receiving leveling bin, a first air duct passing in the upper part into a settling chamber with a screw and a fan installed on it, a sieve section consisting of 2 sieve stands located one above the other with under-seeding, ear and sorting sieves installed in them, and the total area of the under-seeding and sorting sieves on the machine is greater than the total area of the ear sieves, and for the removal of the obtained grain fractions and impurities there are transverse chutes, each sieve stand has the same number of tiers for placing sieves, and the total number of sieves installed on the lower sieve stand is equal to the total number of sieves installed on the upper sieve stand, behind the sieve section a second air duct is mounted, passing in the upper part into a second settling chamber with a screw and a fan installed on it, while undersowing,The grain and sorting sieves are installed in both sieve boxes so that they form a 2-tier arrangement of sieves, with the sorting and grain sieves installed on the first tier, and the undersowing and sorting sieves on the second tier, all sieves are cleaned with brushes, on the 2nd tier, behind the first and second sieves, disconnectable troughs with removable partitions are installed, and in the lower part of the first air duct, a flag-type adjustable divider is mounted for the flow of grain mixture supplied to the machine. On the frame of the grain cleaning machine, 2-arm levers are mounted by means of axles in such a way that the ends of one arm of the 2-arm levers are movably connected by means of leads to the frames of the brushes, and the ends of the 2 arms of these 2-arm levers are also movably connected by means of leads to the housings of the sieve mills, and the brushes in the frames of the brushes are installed with a pitch equal to or less than the radius of the crank of the crankshaft of the sieve mill drive.
[0009] These differences are significant, as the introduction of two shoulder levers, the axes of which are mounted on the grain cleaning machine frame, and the movable connection of one end of these two shoulder arms via drive rods to the brush frames, while the other ends of the two shoulder levers are connected to the screen mill housings, ensures their relative movement, thereby increasing the screen cleaning area per revolution of the screen mill crankshaft, and consequently, increasing the unit's productivity. The installation of brushes within the brush frames with a pitch equal to or less than the crank radius of the screen mill crankshaft also ensures an increase in the screen mill screen throughput, as calculations show, by up to 2.5 times. Thus, the introduction of these design changes will significantly shorten the screen length in the screen mills while maintaining their productivity.
[0010] The essence of the claimed technological solution is explained by the drawings. Fig. 1 shows the general diagram of the grain cleaning machine. Fig. 2 shows the conditional diagram of the installation of 2 shoulder levers on the machine frame and the connection of the ends of these 2 shoulder levers with the brush frames and the sieve pan bodies. The following designations are given on them: 1 - receiving leveling hopper; 2 - first air duct; 3 - flag adjustable divider of the grain mixture flow; 4 - upper sieve pan; 5 - removable partition; 6 - chute board; 7 - transverse switch-off chute; 8 - lower sieve pan; 9 - bottom; 10 - transverse chute ЗФ; 11-receiver of the upper sieve pan; 12 - receiver of the lower sieve pan; 13 - common receiver; 14 - transport board OZ; 15 - transverse chute for large waste; 16 - second air duct; 17 - settling chamber of the second air duct; 18 - settling chamber of the first air duct; 19; 20 - auger; 21, 22 - fan; 23 - brushes;24 - grain cleaning machine frame; 25 - hinged support on brush frames; 26 - hinged support on sieve pan; 27 and 28 - leads; 29 - double-arm lever; 30 - double-arm lever axis mounted on frame; 31 - sieve pan entrance; 32 - brush frame; 33 - sieve pan suspensions; 34 - sieves; 35 - cleaned grain outlet; 36 - brush frame rollers; 37 - brush compression mechanism; 38 - small impurity outlet MP; 39 - connecting rod hinged support; 40 - connecting rod; 41 - crank hinge; 42 - crankshaft cranks; 43 - crank support; 44 - guide; ЗС - grain mixture; ЛП - light impurities; P - underseeding; K - large impurities; ZF - grain fodder; OZ - cleaned grain; SSR - sorting sieve output; V - underseeding sieves; B - ear sieves; G - sorting sieves; ω - crank rotation speed; R - crank radius equal to brush installation pitch; α - sieve stand installation angle to the horizon.
[0011] The device operates as follows. The grain mixture (GM) consisting of grain, small impurities P (this is sand, weed seeds, small particles of stems and leaves of the cleaned crop and weeds, large impurities K (this is straw, ears and random large impurities such as stones, etc.) and forage grain ZF (these are small, broken and crushed seeds and particles of stems of the cleaned crop and weeds) enters the receiving leveling bin 1, and from it into the first air channel 2 for cleaning the grain to the sieves, where light impurities LP are extracted from the grain mixture by air and transported to the first settling chamber 18, where they settle and are removed from the machine by auger 20. The heavy component of the grain mixture, moving further down the first air channel 2, gets to the flag-type adjustable divider 3 of the grain mixture flow, which divides it into two equal streams, which are directed to the sieves mills, respectively half into the upper sieve mill 4,The 2nd half goes to the lower sieve bed 8, where each stream is directed to a 2-tier set of sieves, where they are separated into the corresponding fractions. All the sieves are cleaned by brushes 23. On the upper tier of the 2-tier sets of sieves, the first sorting sieve G is located, where part of the grain mixture passes through this sieve G and gets onto the sieve of the 2nd tier B, the remaining part of the grain flow goes to the second sieve of the 1st tier, which can also be sorting G, but if in the grain mixture (GM) there is a large amount of large impurities, then an ear sieve B is installed, part of the grain flow also passes through one or another sieve installed here and gets onto the second sieve of the sieves of the 2nd tier, the remaining grain flow, having passed the second sieve of the 1st tier, gets onto the third sieve, which is installed as an ear sieve B, where the remaining grain and small parts of the grain flow are sifted, and large particles from the sieve B enter the transverse chute 15 and are removed from the machine,If the grain mixture contains an insignificant amount of fine impurities, then the flow of seeding, which is formed on the first sieve of the 2nd tier of sieves, is directed to a transverse switchable chute, which takes it out of the machine; if the grain mixture contains a lot of fine impurities, then the transverse switchable chute is switched off, while the removable partition 5 is removed and a chute board 6 is installed; in this case, part of the grain mixture that has passed the second sieve of the 1st row also gets to sieve B, where the fine seeding impurities continue to be separated, which gets to the bottom 9 and is directed to the second switchable transverse chute and is taken out of the machine; if there are few fine impurities and one seeding sieve B is enough to separate them, then the second sieve on the 2nd tier of sieves is installed sorting G, while the switchable transverse chute 7 is switched off, the removable partition 5 is removed and a chute board is installed 6, thus, the grain that has passed through the second sieve of the 1st tier of sieves falls on the sorting sieve G,which passes through itself the grain fodder ZF, which moves further along the bottom 9, the grain mixture from the third sieve of the 1st tier of sieves falls on the third sorting sieve G, where the grain fodder (ZF) is also separated, which moves along the bottom 9 into the transverse chute 10 and is removed from the machine, the grain coming off the sorting sieve G is directed through the transport board 14 into the receiver 11, 12 then into the common receiver 13 and further into the second air channel 16, where the remaining light impurities LP are removed from the resulting grain mixture by the air flow, which are subsequently deposited in the sedimentation chamber 17 and removed from the machine by the screw 19, and the heavy component of the resulting grain mixture in the form of cleaned grain 03 is removed from the machine through the lower part of the second air channel 16. In the second air channel 16, lightweight grains can also be separated, this is especially important when receiving seeds,which are then transferred from the settling chamber 17 by the auger 19 along the chute into the grain feed (GF). In this case, the sieve pans 4 and 8 of the grain cleaning machine are driven by the crank 42 rotating at a speed of c around the support 43, through the connecting rod 40 and the support 39 - forcing the sieve pans 4 and 8 to perform plane-parallel oscillations in the direction V, p. The oscillation range is two times the crank 42, i.e. 2R. Simultaneously with the oscillation of the screen machines 4 and 8, the frames of the brushes 32 move in the opposite direction V щdue to the fact that the double-arm levers 29 mounted on the axles 30 mounted on the frame 24 of the grain cleaning machine are connected at one end by means of the rods 28 through the hinged joints 26 to the sieve stands 4 and 8, and the second ends of the double-arm levers 29 to the brush frames 32. The movement of the brush frames 32 always occurs in the opposite direction to the movement of the sieve stands 4 and 8, which provides an additional cleaning area for the surface of the sieves 34 and, consequently, increases the cleaning productivity.
[0012] The claimed invention allows for the design and manufacture of grain cleaning machines with various capacities up to 240 tons / hour, determined by the width of the screening machines and screens installed within them. Installing brushes within the brush frame at a pitch equal to or less than the crankshaft radius, as well as using two shoulder levers mounted with an axle on the grain cleaning machine frame, allows for a reduction in screening frame length by up to 2.5 times without compromising grain cleaning quality.
Claims
A grain cleaning machine comprising a receiving levelling bin, a first air duct passing in the upper part into a settling chamber with a screw and a fan installed on it, a sieve section consisting of two sieve boxes located one above the other with underseeding, ear and sorting sieves installed in them, and the total area of the underseeding and sorting sieves on the machine is greater than the total area of the ear sieves, and for the removal of the obtained grain fractions and impurities there are transverse troughs, each sieve box has the same number of tiers for placing sieves, and the total number of sieves installed on the lower sieve box is equal to the total number of sieves installed on the upper sieve box, a second air duct is mounted behind the sieve section, passing in the upper part into a second settling chamber with a screw and a fan installed on it, while underseeding, ear and sorting sieves are installed in both sieves in the countries like this,that they form a 2-tier arrangement of sieves, wherein on the first tier sorting and spike sieves are installed, and on the second tier underseeding and sorting sieves, all sieves are cleaned with brushes, on the 2nd tier behind the first and second sieves disconnectable troughs with removable partitions are installed, and in the lower part of the first air duct a flag-type adjustable divider of the grain mixture flow supplied to the machine is mounted, characterized in that on the frame of the grain cleaning machine by means of axles double-arm levers are installed in such a way that the ends of one arm of the double-arm levers are connected movably by means of leads with the frames of the brushes, and the ends of 2 arms of these double-arm levers are connected in the same movable way by means of leads with the housings of the sieve mills, and the brushes in the frames of the brushes are installed with a pitch equal to or less than the radius of the crank of the crankshaft of the sieve mill drive.