Device for controlling passages and access to emergency doors of vehicles of categories m2 and m3
A rotatable flat template with a cylindrical sleeve and axis-rod mechanism addresses the bulkiness and instability of cylindrical templates, enabling efficient compliance checks with UN Regulations No. 36, 52, and 107 for vehicle passages and emergency doors.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- RU · RU
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BLJANKINSHTEJN IGOR MIKHAJLOVICH
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing cylindrical templates for vehicle passage and emergency door access testing are bulky, unstable, prone to deformation, and difficult to store due to size and material properties, while flat templates lack the ability to assess volumetric space compliance with UN Regulations No. 36, 52, and 107.
A flat template with a cylindrical sleeve and vertical axis-rod mechanism allows for synchronous rotation, enabling it to mimic cylindrical templates by creating volumetric spaces, assessing compliance with UN Regulations No. 36, 52, and 107 by rotating freely without obstruction.
The solution provides a compact, stable, and damage-resistant template that effectively checks passage dimensions and emergency door access, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards while reducing storage needs.
Smart Images
Figure 00000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] The invention relates to the field of testing vehicles of categories M2 and M3 (buses, trolleybuses) according to UN Regulations No. 36, 52 and 107, carried out during certification and obtaining type approval for new models of vehicles being put into circulation, or vehicles in operation, in the event of their re-equipment and changes in the layout of the passenger compartments.
[0002] Cylindrical templates (control devices) are known for checking the dimensions of passages in buses, as well as access to emergency doors, regulated by regulatory documents:
[0003] -UN Regulation No. 36 "Uniform provisions concerning the approval of large-capacity passenger vehicles with regard to their general construction", Annex 3, Fig. 2 on page 60; Fig. 3 on page 61 [Electronic resource, access mode https: / / unece.org / fileadmin / DAM / trans / main / wp29 / wp29regs / r036r3r.pdf];
[0004] -UN Regulation No. 52 "Uniform provisions concerning the approval of small passenger vehicles of categories M2 and M3 with regard to their general construction" Annex 3, Fig. 2 on page 69; Fig. 3 on page 70 [Electronic resource, access mode https: / / unece.org / fileadmin / DAM / trans / main / wp29 / wp29regs / r052r3r.pdf];
[0005] -UN Regulation No. 107 "Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles of category M2 or M3 with regard to their general construction", Annex 4, Fig. 5 on page 90, Fig. 6 on page 91 [Electronic resource, access mode https: / / unece.org / transport / vehicle-regulations-wp29 / standards / addenda-1958-agreement-regulations-101-120#accordion_].
[0006] These templates are volumetric simplified contours of a full-length human figure and consist of coaxial (or non-coaxial) cylinders of different diameters (the diameters of the cylinders and their heights vary for different categories and classes of vehicles: Class I - urban, predominantly standing places, Class II - suburban, seated and standing places, Class III - only seated places), connected to each other at the transition from one diameter to another by conical cylindrical inserts (or without them), or connected at the ends. During testing of buses, these cylindrical templates are moved along the aisles (simulating the movement of a person) in the passenger compartment, and if the volume of space in the passenger compartment allows for the movement of a specific cylindrical template corresponding to the category and class of the bus, this means that the aisles meet the requirements established by UN Regulations No. 36, 52, 107 in relation to these categories and classes of vehicles.
[0007] A disadvantage of these templates is their considerable size, which requires significant storage space. Furthermore, if these templates are hollow and thin-walled, they are susceptible to deformation due to changes in microclimate conditions (humidity and temperature). If they are solid or thick-walled, they are quite heavy and difficult to move during use. Experience with such templates shows that they are extremely unstable during storage and movement, prone to falling, resulting in damage (destruction) of the thin-walled material or dimensional distortion.
[0008] The closest to the proposed solution are the flat templates used to check access to service doors of buses, regulated by UN Regulation No. 36, Appendix 3, Fig. 1 on page 68.
[0009] They are flat, simplified outlines of a full-length human figure, formed by two rectangles: the upper one is 55 cm wide and the lower one is 40 cm wide. The lower rectangle is 70 cm high, while the upper rectangle's height varies depending on the bus class. The rectangles can be connected by trapezoidal inserts.
[0010] The disadvantage of these templates is their flat design, which does not allow them to be used to control the volume (space) regulated by UN Regulations No. 36, 52, 107 regarding passages and access to emergency doors.
[0011] The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality of flat templates and give them the ability to control the volumetric space regulated by UN Regulations No. 36, 52 and 107 regarding passages and access to emergency doors of vehicles of categories M2 and M3.
[0012] The stated objective is achieved in that in a device for monitoring passages and access to emergency doors of vehicles of category M2 and M3, containing a flat template in the form of a simplified outline of a full-length figure of a person, the flat template is made in the form of a midsection of a cylindrical template corresponding in size to a certain category and class of the vehicle being tested, in the lower half of the template along the vertical axis of symmetry of the flat template a cylindrical sleeve is fixed, a vertical axis-rod with a cylindrical base is introduced, the outer diameter of which is equal to the width of the flat template, wherein the axis-rod is fixed in the center of the cylindrical base with the possibility of multiple rotation of the vertical axis-rod relative to the vertical by a special drive located in the base of the rod, and the flat template is mounted on the axis-rod with the sleeve with the possibility of synchronous rotation with it.
[0013] Design and operation of the proposed template for controlling passages and access to emergency doors of vehicles of categories M2 and M3 illustrated in Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3.
[0014] Fig. 1 – view of the original cylindrical template, regulated by UN Regulations No. 36, No. 52, No. 197.
[0015] Fig. 2 – design of the proposed device in the form of a flat template on a cylindrical base.
[0016] Fig. 3 – design of the device in the form of half of the midsection of a cylindrical template, divided along the vertical axis of symmetry.
[0017] The device for controlling passages and access to emergency doors of vehicles of category M2 and M3 comprises (see Fig. 2) a flat template 1 made in the form of a midsection of a cylindrical template corresponding in size to a certain category and class of the vehicle being tested, in the lower half of the template 1 along its vertical axis of symmetry a cylindrical sleeve 2 is fixed, a vertical axis-rod 3 with a cylindrical base 4, the outer diameter of which is equal to the width of the flat template, the axis-rod 3 is fixed in the center of the cylindrical base 4 with the possibility of multiple rotation of the vertical axis-rod relative to the vertical by a special drive 5, located in the base of the rod, wherein the flat template 1 by sleeve 2 is mounted on the axis-rod 3 with the possibility of synchronous rotation with it.Drive 5 can be made manual, for example in the form of a pulley with twine wound on it with a handle, can be made by analogy with the mechanism of a manual starter of an outboard motor, can be made in the form of an electro-mechanical drive powered by a battery, etc.
[0018] The device operates as follows. The vertical axis-rod 3 with the cylindrical base 4 is universal, in a single version, and the set of flat templates contains all the variants of the midsections of the cylindrical templates regulated by UN Regulations No. 36, 52, 107. During the tests, a specific template is put on (mounted) the axis-rod 3 with the base 4, then the device is moved in the bus cabin, installed at specific specified points of the cabin, and the drive mechanism 5 rotates the flat template 1. If the template rotates freely (turns 180 degrees) without touching the seats, handrails and other elements of the cabin at all the tested points of the passages and access points to the emergency doors, then the tested vehicle meets the requirements regulated by the regulatory document (UN Regulations No. 36, 52, 107) in relation to passages and access to the emergency doors.If the flat template cannot rotate at any point, this means that the requirements of the specified regulatory documents regarding passages and access to the emergency doors of the vehicle are not met at that particular point in the passenger compartment.
[0019] Also, the proposed device can be a template representing half of the aforementioned midsection of the cylindrical template, divided along the template's vertical axis of symmetry (see Fig. 3), which coincides with the axis of the vertical rod and can be synchronously rotated with it. In this case, such a template will need to be rotated 360 degrees relative to the vertical axis when checking the conformity of the bus interior, including passageways and access to emergency doors.
[0020] The technical advantage of the proposed solution is that by rotating the flat devices relative to the vertical axis, volumes identical to the original cylindrical template shown in Fig. 1 are cut off (created) in space, which allows them to be used in testing vehicles of categories M2 and M3 (buses, trolleybuses) to check the dimensions of passages in buses, as well as access to emergency areas according to UN Regulations No. 36, 52 and 107.
[0021] This eliminates all the disadvantages inherent in cylindrical templates—their bulkiness, instability, and tendency to fall, deform, and break upon impact, as well as their shape and size changing with temperature and humidity changes. Flat devices require much less storage space; when flat, they can simply be placed together on a rack or hung on a wall (using a pin) using the hole in the template's surface.
Claims
A device for controlling passages and access to emergency doors of vehicles of categories M2 and M3, comprising a flat template in the form of a simplified outline of a full-length figure of a person, characterized in that the flat template is made in the form of a midsection or half of a midsection of a cylindrical template, divided along the vertical axis of symmetry of the template, corresponding in size to a certain category and class of the vehicle being tested, in the lower half of the template along its vertical axis of symmetry, coinciding with the vertical axis of division of the template, made in the form of half of the midsection, a cylindrical sleeve is fixed, mounted on a vertical axis-rod with a cylindrical base, the outer diameter of which is equal to the width of the flat template, the axis-rod is fixed in the center of the cylindrical base with the possibility of multiple rotation of the vertical axis-rod relative to the vertical by a drive located in the cylindrical base of the rod,in this case, the flat template is mounted with a sleeve on the axle-rod with the possibility of synchronous rotation with it.