Method for determining safe piloting conditions when recovering aircraft from dive

Abstract

FIELD: aircraft piloting.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for determining safe piloting conditions when recovering an aircraft from a dive manoeuvre after the use of unguided aircraft missiles or when firing from cannon mounts. In the aircraft flight and navigation complex, data is obtained on the initial flight altitude of the aircraft (Ha), the tangent of the angle of inclination of the aircraft's trajectory (k), the radius of dispersion of fragments of ammunition (Rfr), and by means of the flight and navigation complex, calculations are made for the radius of curvature of the trajectory (R), the safe turning radius when exiting a dive, and the criterion indicator (D) in a certain way. Moreover, if D≤0, the parameters are considered safe, otherwise the dive and attack are not initiated.EFFECT: increased reliability and versatility in determining safe piloting conditions when recovering an aircraft from a dive after the use of air-to-air weapons.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] This invention relates to aviation technology and aviation testing. It can be used in flight experiments during dive-bombing attacks on ground targets using unguided rockets or cannons.

[0002] Safe conditions for recovering an aircraft from a dive after an attack are understood to mean the minimum safe altitudes and ranges for the aircraft to use weapons, the values ​​of which depend on the type of weapons, altitude, flight speed and trajectory angle.

[0003] Safe piloting conditions during dive recovery after the use of air-launched munitions are determined by calculations taking into account the aircraft's flight dynamics, ballistic characteristics, and the fragmentation radius of the munitions. When calculating safe conditions, the leading (most dangerous) fragments, which possess the best ballistic combination of shape, mass, and initial velocity, are taken into account.

[0004] A method for determining safe piloting conditions when using aircraft weapons is known from the prior art; the calculation is performed in accordance with the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of fire damage to the enemy by bomber aircraft (V.L. Makhnin. On the Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of Fire Damage to the Enemy by Strike Aviation / Military Thought. No. 5. 2020, pp. 131-142) and in the books: Soloviev M.P., Arbuzov A.I. Fundamentals of Bombing. Moscow: Voenizdat, 1940, Milgram Yu.G. Bombing Calculations for Area Bombing. Moscow: VVIA im. prof. N.E. Zhukovsky, 1954, Kirillov V.I., Groshev V.N. Theory of Combat Effectiveness and Operations Research. Monino: VVA, 1969, Milgram Yu.G., Erokhin V.A. Fundamentals of a unified zonal methodology for assessing the effectiveness of using aviation weapons against ground (sea) targets. Moscow: VVIA im. prof. N.E. Zhukovsky, 1985.

[0005] The shortcomings of the existing process for preparing initial data for conducting a flight experiment and analyzing the test results to assess the safety of piloting when recovering an aircraft from a dive after using unguided aircraft rockets and a built-in gun mount when attacking a ground target are:

[0006] - lack of unified automated processing tools;

[0007] - the existing method described in the “Methodology...” and other sources, which is a method of linear interpolation of ready-made solutions presented in tables, has low calculation accuracy;

[0008] - it is impossible to calculate safe conditions outside the range presented in the tables;

[0009] - lack of ability to take into account the individual characteristics and qualifications of the pilot;

[0010] - lack of ability to take into account the actual characteristics of the aircraft and flight parameters;

[0011] - lack of ability to calculate safe piloting conditions when exiting a dive after using new weapons.

[0012] In addition, the “Method of aiming during bombing” is known (Patent RU No. 2204106 C2, F01G 9 / 02, F41G 7 / 20, published 10.05.2003), where it is proposed to aim at ground targets while in a dive, however, how to achieve safe piloting conditions when pulling the aircraft out of a dive or how to calculate them is not proposed in the method.

[0013] Also known is the “Method for aiming a maneuvering aircraft” (RU Patent No. 2453793, F41G 3 / 22, F41G 9 / 02, published on 20.12.2022), which provides for aiming from a maneuvering aircraft, displaying the boundaries of the aiming area with maximum permissible overloads, but there is no information on how to ensure safe piloting conditions when exiting a dive.

[0014] The prototype is an invention related to aviation technology and can be used to indicate to the pilot the maximum altitude values ​​​​permissible for the purpose of preventing a collision with the ground during a dive (patent RU No. 2031812, B64C 13 / 18, published on March 27, 1995). The developed device - an aircraft flight altitude indicator - allows for increased flight safety while simultaneously using maximum combat capabilities when attacking a ground or low-flying target, but does not take into account the scattering of fragments from one's own aircraft weapons.

[0015] These methods are unable to account for the actual flight profile and the individual maneuver parameters of each aircraft, which reduces their reliability and applicability. None of the aforementioned methods can adequately account for all the factors affecting safe piloting during dive recovery after the use of air-to-air weapons in real combat conditions.

[0016] The technical result of the present invention is to increase the accuracy and reliability of determining safe piloting conditions when pulling an aircraft out of a dive after an aircraft attack on ground targets using unguided aircraft munitions (rockets and artillery shells).

[0017] The technical result is achieved in that in the method for determining safe piloting conditions when pulling an aircraft out of a dive after using unguided aircraft rockets or when firing a cannon for given initial parameters:

[0018] - initial flight altitude of the aircraft (Hc);

[0019] - tangent of the angle of inclination of the aircraft trajectory (k);

[0020] - the radius of dispersion of fragments of ammunition (Rock), determine the radius of curvature of the trajectory of the aircraft when exiting a dive (R) and the calm drift of the ammunition (Ax), calculate the value of the criterion indicator (D), and the conditions are considered safe if the inequality D≤0 is satisfied.

[0021] The new method is designed to eliminate the shortcomings of the aforementioned analogues and offer a reliable and universal approach to determining safe piloting conditions when recovering an aircraft from a dive after the use of air-to-air weapons.

[0022] The invention is explained by a figure

[0023] Fig. - Piloting an aircraft during recovery from a dive after using unguided aircraft rockets and a built-in cannon mount

[0024] The proposed method is based on the calculation of the criterion indicator D, which evaluates the safe piloting conditions during dive recovery after the use of air-to-air weapons. The main components of the calculation are:

[0025] Initial flight altitude of the aircraft (Hc),

[0026] Tangent of the flight path angle (k=tan(θ)),

[0027] Radius of ammunition fragmentation (Rock).

[0028] In addition, important indicators are:

[0029] Radius of curvature of the trajectory (R) when exiting a dive,

[0030] Calm attitude of ammunition (Ax),

[0031] Criteria indicator (D).

[0032] The method consists of solving an equation composed of the condition of non-intersection of the sphere of fragmentation and the trajectory of the aircraft (carrier) (Fig.), the derivation of which is shown below.

[0033] 1. Carrier trajectory equation

[0034] h=Hc-kx,

[0035] where k=tg(θ).

[0036] Since the point P(xp, hp) lies on this line, then

[0037]

[0038] 2. Since the turning radius (curvature of the trajectory when exiting a dive) is perpendicular to the carrier's trajectory at point P, then the equation of the straight line OR:

[0039] , Means

[0040]

[0041] 3. Length OP=R, that is

[0042] Hence, squaring and substituting from (2):

[0043]

[0044] Therefore,

[0045] Substituting (3) into (2) yields

[0046]

[0047] 4. Substituting (1) into (4), we obtain

[0048]

[0049] 5. The distance from point O to point Ax is R+R ock , i.e.

[0050] , substituting x0from (3) and h0from (5) we obtain:

[0051]

[0052] Therefore, x p is the root of the quadratic equation:

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] For a clearer presentation, the coefficients are replaced:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Solving the resulting equation for x p receive:

[0060]

[0061] Safety Condition

[0062] If D≤0, i.e. the root of the equation is one or cannot be extracted, then the value of the height Hc is such that the trajectory of the aircraft passes above the sphere of fragmentation, which means that the condition of non-intersection of the trajectory of the aircraft and the radius of fragmentation is met, and therefore the conditions are safe.

[0063] The proposed method can be implemented as part of a modern aircraft's flight control and navigation system as a dedicated algorithm. This algorithm operates as follows.

[0064] 1. Initial data collection: Obtaining information about the flight altitude, the angle of the aircraft's flight path, and the radius of the fragmentation of the ammunition.

[0065] 2. Calculation of the radius of curvature of the trajectory (R): Using the law of mechanics, the safe turning radius when exiting a dive is calculated.

[0066] 3. Criteria Index Calculation (D): The built-in algorithm calculates and outputs a message about safe or dangerous conditions.

[0067] 4. Safety decision: If D≤0, the parameters are considered safe, otherwise, dive and attack are not carried out.

[0068] The proposed method has the following advantages: High accuracy: Accurately takes into account many parameters that affect the safety of piloting when pulling an aircraft out of a dive.

[0069] Versatility: Suitable for various types of aircraft and ammunition.

[0070] Practicality: Can be integrated into the flight and navigation systems of modern aircraft.

[0071] Reliability: Eliminates the risk of damage to your own equipment and people.

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