Variator

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.SUBSTANCE: variator contains a driving and driven shaft, fixed and axially movable pulleys, connected by a flexible transmission. The drive shaft is rigidly connected to a fixed pulley. A bushing is installed on the end outer surface of the movable semi-pulley of the drive shaft, inside which the drive shaft passes with a release bearing at the end, designed to ensure rotation of the drive shaft in any position of the movable semi-pulley. A thrust bearing is installed on the outside and at the end of the bushing, a holder secured to the variator housing, made in the form of a frame that is larger in diameter and extends beyond the movable semi-pulley. At the top of the holder there is a hinged lever that can be tilted. The lever includes projections that interact with the lateral outer surface of the thrust bearing to ensure that the movable semi-pulley is held in a certain position on the drive shaft.EFFECT: ability to mechanically adjust the gear ratio between the driving and driven pulleys regardless of the shaft rotation speed, while maintaining a simple design.2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in mechanisms for regulating the rotation speed of a driven shaft, used, in particular, in snowmobiles, motor boats, scooters, and other devices.

[0002] A variator is known from the prior art according to patent RU 6420 U1, 16.04.1998, which discloses a variator containing a driving and driven shaft, fixed and axially movable half-pulleys mounted thereon, made in the form of conical disks, a V-belt enclosing the pulleys, and a centrifugal pressure device of a ball type interacting with a movable disk, characterized in that the guides of the pressure device are a curved surface.

[0003] The closest analogue to the claimed invention is the solution, RU 2186271 C1, 27.07.2002, disclosing a variator containing a driving and driven shafts, driving and driven pulleys mounted thereon, consisting of fixed and movable half-pulleys made in the form of conical disks with hubs, a V-belt enclosing the pulleys, a centrifugal regulator mounted on the driving pulley, and a torque regulator mounted on the driven pulley and made in the form of pins secured to the hub of the fixed half-pulley and a cam groove made on the hub of the movable half-pulley.

[0004] The disadvantage of this solution is the lack of the possibility of mechanical manual adjustment by changing the gear ratio between the driving and driven pulleys.

[0005] The objective of the stated solution is to refine the design of the variator, eliminating the shortcomings of the closest analogue.

[0006] The technical result is to provide the possibility of mechanical adjustment of the gear ratio between the driving and driven pulleys, regardless of the shaft rotation speed, while maintaining a simple design.

[0007] This result is achieved by the fact that the variator, containing the driving and driven shafts, where fixed and axially movable half-pulleys are installed on these shafts, connected by a flexible transmission, where the driving shaft is rigidly connected to the fixed half-pulley, characterized by the fact that

[0008] A bushing is installed on the outer end surface of the movable half pulley of the drive shaft, inside which the drive shaft passes with a release bearing at the end, designed to ensure rotation of the drive shaft in any position of the movable half pulley,

[0009] A thrust bearing is installed on the outside and at the end of the sleeve,

[0010] a holder fixed to the variator housing, made in the form of a frame, exceeding in diameter and extending beyond the movable half pulley, where

[0011] At the upper part of the holder, a lever is pivotally fixed, configured to tilt, where the lever includes protrusions interacting with the lateral outer surface of the thrust bearing, to ensure that the movable half-pulley is held in a certain position on the drive shaft.

[0012] A rod is attached to the lower part of the lever, designed to act on the lever to fix its position.

[0013] Next, the design features and operating principle of the variator will be described taking into account

[0014] Fig. 1 - image of the device in general view together with the engine,

[0015] Fig. 2 - enlarged view of the variator,

[0016] where pos:

[0017] 1 - drive shaft;

[0018] 2 - driven shaft;

[0019] 3 - movable half pulley;

[0020] 4 - bushing;

[0021] 5- fixed half pulley;

[0022] 6 - holder;

[0023] 7 - thrust bearing;

[0024] 8 - lever;

[0025] 9 - protrusion;

[0026] 10 - rod;

[0027] The proposed variator is mounted either on a supporting frame or directly on supporting elements (such as the engine, snowmobile frame, motorboat base, etc.). The variator comprises a drive shaft (1) and a driven shaft (2). Drive shaft (1) is driven, while the driven shaft (2) rotates under the action of a flexible transmission (V-belt). Fixed and axially movable half-pulleys are mounted on these shafts (1 and 2), connected by a flexible transmission. Two half-pulleys on each shaft (1 and 2) form a pulley, providing a gear ratio from the pulley of the drive shaft (1) to the pulley of the driven shaft (2). The drive shaft 1 is rigidly connected to the fixed half-pulley 5. The principle of interaction of the fixed and axially movable half-pulleys, forming pulleys, on the drive shaft 1 and driven shaft 2 is identical to other known variators, when, when the drive shaft 1 picks up speed, the movable half-pulley 3 shifts (under the action of weights with an offset center, counterweights, springs, etc.) towards the fixed half-pulley 5, shifting the flexible transmission to a larger diameter with a simultaneous change in the opposite direction of the half-pulley on the driven shaft 2, thereby changing the gear ratio.

[0028] A sleeve 4 is mounted on the outer end surface of the movable half-pulley 3 of the drive shaft 1, for example, by screws or other connection. The drive shaft 1 passes inside the sleeve 4, with a release bearing at its end. The release bearing is designed to ensure smooth rotation of the drive shaft 1 in two supports (a support on the fixed half-pulley 5 and in the release bearing) of the drive shaft 1 at any position of the movable half-pulley 3, that is, when moving the movable half-pulley 3 to any position on the drive shaft 1. The design of the release bearing may vary, without specifying any specific implementation.

[0029] A thrust bearing 7 is installed on the outside and at the end of the bushing 4. The thrust bearing 7 rests on a protruding element of the bushing 4, for example, its cover (not shown in the figure) or another element that prevents the thrust bearing 7 from falling out from the surface of the bushing 4. The thrust bearing 7 must ensure its rotation under lateral action on it, which will be discussed below.

[0030] The variator includes a holder 6, designed as a frame. Holder 6 is secured to the variator housing and has a diameter larger than the pulleys. Holder 6 also extends beyond the movable half pulley 3. Holder 6 is typically made of metal and is attached to the housing with a screw, bolt, or other detachable connection. The holder serves as a support element for lever 8.

[0031] At the upper part of the holder 6, a lever 8 is pivotally fixed, which is capable of tilting relative to the axis of the hinge mount of the lever 8. For example, an axis or a rod with the ability to rotate relative to the installation point of the lever 8 can be used as the hinge mount of the lever 8. The tilt of the lever 8 relative to the axis of the hinge mount is carried out along the length of the sleeve 4.

[0032] Lever 8 includes projections 9 on its surface that interact with the lateral outer surface of thrust bearing 7 to ensure that movable half-pulley 3 is held in a certain position on drive shaft 1. There are usually two projections 9 for uniform support on the lateral outer surface of thrust bearing 7, however, depending on the design of lever 8, there may be a different number of projections 9.

[0033] A rod 10 may be attached to the lower portion of lever 8, capable of acting upon lever 8 to fix its position. A flexible cable may also be used as rod 10, which performs the same function—acting upon lever 8 to fix its position, in order to hold movable half-pulley 3 at a given point on drive shaft 1. Rod 10 is connected to a control unit, by means of which rod 10 can be tightened (slided) or loosened (slided), thereby controlling the position of lever 8.

[0034] It should be clarified that without pressure on lever 8, drive shaft 1 rotates freely. However, lever 8 can hold movable half-pulley 3 closer to fixed half-pulley 5, thereby mechanically (manually) and forcibly adjusting (setting) the minimum gear ratio regardless of rpm.

[0035] The operating principle of the device.

[0036] The variator is installed at the destination, such as on an ATV.

[0037] The user starts the engine, selects the required engine speed and smoothly presses the lever 8, tilting it along the hinge and applying pressure with the protrusions 9 on the lateral outer surface of the thrust bearing 7, as a result of which the movable half-pulley 3 moves along the drive shaft 1 towards the fixed half-pulley 5, and the half-pulley of the driven shaft 2 moves in the opposite direction, creating the required gear ratio at any speed.

[0038] When the engine speed is increased to medium / maximum, the movable half-pulley 3 moves along the drive shaft 1 until it stops against the fixed half-pulley 5, changing the required gear ratio by means of pressure from the projections 9 of the lever 8 on the lateral outer surface of the thrust bearing 7.

[0039] Simultaneously with the movement of the movable half pulley 3, the release bearing at the end of the drive shaft 1 moves inside the sleeve 4, thereby changing the speed on the shaft.

[0040] The thrust bearing 7, resting against the projections 9 of the lever 8, also rotates without interfering with the rotation of the drive shaft 1.

[0041] If necessary, the user can adjust the rotation speed of the drive shaft 1 by increasing the engine speed, and also mechanically (manually) adjust the gear ratio at low-high speeds by holding the movable half pulley 3 closer to the fixed half pulley 5 using the lever 8.

[0042] This design of the variator provides the ability to mechanically adjust the gear ratio between the driving and driven pulleys, regardless of the shaft rotation speed, while maintaining a simple design.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] The variator for a motor yacht contains a leading 1 and a driven 2 shaft, on these shafts 1,2 are installed fixed and axially movable half-pulleys, forming pulleys,

[0045] The pulleys are connected by a V-belt drive,

[0046] drive shaft 1 is rigidly connected to fixed half pulley 5,

[0047] A sleeve 4 is installed on the end outer surface of the movable half pulley 3 of the drive shaft 1,

[0048] Inside the sleeve 4 there passes the drive shaft 1 with a release bearing at the end,

[0049] A thrust bearing 7 is installed on the outside and at the end of the sleeve 4,

[0050] The holder 6 is fixed on the variator housing,

[0051] The holder 6 is made in the form of a frame, which is larger in diameter and extends beyond the movable half pulley 3,

[0052] A lever 8 is pivotally fixed at the top of the holder 6,

[0053] Lever 8 is designed to tilt,

[0054] Lever 8 includes projections 9 interacting with the lateral outer surface of thrust bearing 7 to ensure retention of movable half pulley 3 in a certain position on drive shaft 1.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The variator for a mini-tractor contains a leading 1 and driven 2 shafts, on these shafts 1,2 fixed and axially movable half-pulleys are installed, forming pulleys,

[0057] The pulleys are connected by a flexible V-belt drive,

[0058] drive shaft 1 is rigidly connected to fixed half pulley 5,

[0059] A sleeve 4 is installed on the end outer surface of the movable half pulley 3 of the drive shaft 1,

[0060] Inside the sleeve 4 there passes the drive shaft 1 with a release bearing at the end,

[0061] A thrust bearing 7 is installed on the outside and at the end of the sleeve 4,

[0062] The holder 6 is fixed on the variator housing,

[0063] The holder 6 is made in the form of a frame, which is larger in diameter and extends beyond the movable half pulley 3,

[0064] A lever 8 is pivotally fixed at the top of the holder 6,

[0065] Lever 8 is designed to tilt,

[0066] Lever 8 includes projections 9 interacting with the lateral outer surface of thrust bearing 7 to ensure retention of movable half pulley 3 in a certain position on drive shaft 1.

[0067] A rod 10 is attached to the lower part of the lever 8, which is designed to act on the lever 8 to fix its position.

[0068] The proposed solution ensures the achievement of the stated technical result.

Claims

1. A variator comprising a driving shaft and a driven shaft, where fixed and axially movable half-pulleys are mounted on these shafts, connected by a flexible transmission, where the driving shaft is rigidly connected to the fixed half-pulley, characterized in that a bushing is mounted on the end outer surface of the movable half-pulley of the driving shaft, inside which the driving shaft passes with a release bearing at the end, made with the possibility of ensuring the rotation of the driving shaft in any position of the movable half-pulley, a thrust bearing is mounted outside and at the end of the bushing, a holder secured to the variator housing, made in the form of a frame exceeding in diameter and extending beyond the movable half-pulley, where a lever is pivotally mounted in the upper part of the holder, made with the possibility of tilting, where the lever includes projections interacting with the lateral outer surface of the thrust bearing, to ensure the retention of the movable half-pulley in a certain position on the driving shaft.

2. A variator according to claim 1, characterized in that a rod is attached to the lower part of the lever, which is designed to act on the lever to fix its position.

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