Ventilation motor control device

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation.SUBSTANCE: devices for controlling asynchronous and synchronous electric motors of ventilation units. The ventilation motor control device includes a single housing, with a single printed circuit board in it, where a microcontroller, a power circuit breaker, a current control module, a communication module, a user interface, an emergency shutdown interface, an actuator control interface, a control module, a power source are installed, wherein the microcontroller contains software configured to control the rotation speed of the ventilation motor, the microcontroller is electrically connected to the power source, which is electrically connected to the power circuit breaker through a power circuit, the microcontroller is electrically connected to the current control module and the control module using an analog-to-digital converter. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the communication module via a UART or SPI interface. The microcontroller is electrically connected to the user interface, to the emergency shutdown interface and to the actuator control interface via digital interfaces, in addition, the microcontroller is connected to the actuator control interface via electrical feedback.EFFECT: reduction in the dimensions of the device due to the integration of all components into a single housing and an increase in the speed of installation in the ventilation line.8 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of automatic microclimate and ventilation control systems, namely to devices for electronic control of the speed and operating modes of ventilation units, in particular to devices for controlling asynchronous and synchronous electric motors of ventilation units, intended for integration into both local and centralized dispatch systems and can be used in industrial ventilation and air conditioning systems, as well as in general ventilation systems of residential, commercial and industrial buildings [F24F 11 / 00, F24F 11 / 70, F24F 11 / 72, F24F 11 / 74, F24F 11 / 77].

[0002] A VENTILATION CONTROL DEVICE is known from the prior art [CN 202274575 U, published 13.06.2012], characterized in that for controlling a ventilation system in large spaces such as garages or factories, a device is provided with a PAC controller including human-machine interface modules, data processing, data / program storage and electrical control on an internal bus, an external interface unit with multi-channel bidirectional circuits for communication with a wireless module, a building control center, external fire control and a fire control center, a power control unit with a primary circuit for connecting external alternating current to supply / exhaust fans and a secondary circuit for exchanging signals with the PAC, as well as a power supply unit for through ventilation devices for distributing power to several devices in ventilation zones, wherein the PAC receives commands from external systems through an external interface and transmits statuses,via a wireless module, it forms a network with through ventilation devices for exchanging data on the state of the environment and the operation of devices, with the possibility of flexible programming based on the site configuration to implement communication between zones, remote control, pollution and condition monitoring, reducing the operating time of equipment for energy saving, with a power protection submodule for detecting short circuits, overloads and automatic shutdown, a load balance submodule for distributing three-phase power across the phases, a wireless communication option instead of wired, a presence sensor for display control, and an expandable cabinet design with modular units to adapt to the number and power of devices at the installation site.

[0003] The disadvantage of this ventilation control device is that the use of an expandable cabinet with individual modular units results in an increased overall system size and the need for on-site assembly, which slows down the installation process in the ventilation line due to the configuration and connection requirements of multiple components, adding to the complexity of integration without a single compact structure.

[0004] Also known from the prior art is a VENTILATION SYSTEM [CN 115420004 A, publ. 02.12.2022], characterized in that it includes an outer shell with L-shaped covers on the top and bottom, a horizontal plate at the bottom with several elliptical holes for ventilation, a fixed plate inside with an MCU main board for modifying parameters, storing data, interacting with a human-machine and communicating with a frequency converter, an inner shell on the back wall with a motor drive board for processing commands from the MCU, where the MCU board is equipped with several switching relays, an LCD screen, network interfaces for communication and data transfer, interfaces for two gas / smoke sensors for assessing the environment and making ventilation decisions, a switch interface for external devices, and the motor board includes a power circuit, a DSP chip, current detection and an IGBT drive, with a keyboard board in front with touch buttons and a display,Protective shell over the motor board, radiator, fan on the top plate with hole, heat dissipation holes on the side and bottom, rectangular mesh at the bottom of the inner shell, where the outer shell is made of stainless steel or galvanized plate for corrosion resistance, acrylic keypad board, which provides the integration of functions, easy operation with display, power connection only, with improved cost, reliability and flexibility for commercial and industrial applications in smoke and dust extraction with environmental monitoring and intelligent control.

[0005] The disadvantage of this ventilation system is that the use of separate modules for different functions leads to an increased overall equipment size and the need for individual installation of each component, which slows down the integration process into the ventilation system due to the requirements for on-site assembly and configuration, aggravating the complexity of installation without a single compact design.

[0006] The closest in technical essence is the VENTILATION CONTROL SYSTEM [CN 101440990 A, publ. [27.05.2009], characterized in that for the control of natural roof ventilation in industrial buildings such as factories, shops, airports and stations, with the functions of lighting, ventilation, smoke removal and fire extinguishing, a system is provided with a microprocessor based on P89C669FA, connected to a fire communication interface for remote control through a fire center with a response signal, a keyboard for entering commands with multifunctional control, an LCD display for displaying opening / closing positions, functions and alarms, a sensor input interface for connecting smoke, rain, wind, temperature, humidity and harmful gas sensors for automatic processing and control and a data storage module for resetting and storing information, a communication circuit with ventilation equipment modules via RS485 for transmission between the controller and a group of fans,A host PC communication interface via RS485 for remote query and control, where the microprocessor cyclically polls inputs, interprets signals, issues commands, displays statuses and stores data, with fire alarm priority, keyboard locking during alarm, automatic recovery and error correction, with the possibility of multiple opening and control modes, which provides remote control of several fans with status monitoring for easy monitoring and troubleshooting.

[0007] The main technical problem of the prototype is that the use of separate circuits and modules for different functions leads to an increased overall equipment size and the need for individual component assembly, which slows down the integration process into the ventilation system due to the requirements for on-site configuration and connection, aggravating the installation difficulty without a compact, unified design.

[0008] The objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

[0009] The technical result of the invention consists in reducing the dimensions of the device and increasing the speed of installation in the ventilation line.

[0010] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the ventilation motor control device includes a single housing, inside which a single printed circuit board is installed, while

[0011] The printed circuit board contains a microcontroller, a power circuit breaker, a current control module, a communication module, a user interface, an emergency shutdown interface, an actuator control interface, a control module, a power supply,

[0012] wherein the microcontroller contains software configured to control the rotation speed of the ventilation motor,

[0013] The microcontroller is electrically connected to the power supply, which is electrically connected to the power circuit breaker through the power circuit,

[0014] The microcontroller is electrically connected to the current control module and the control module via an A / D converter,

[0015] The microcontroller is electrically connected to the communication module via UART or SPI interface,

[0016] The microcontroller is electrically connected to the user interface, the emergency shutdown interface and the actuator control interface through digital interfaces,

[0017] In addition, the microcontroller is connected to the actuator control interface via electrical feedback.

[0018] In particular, the power circuit breaker is designed to protect the microcontroller from short circuit.

[0019] In particular, the current control module is designed to be able to diagnose the ventilation motor.

[0020] In particular, the communication module is equipped with an interface for integration into dispatching systems using the ModBus protocol.

[0021] Specifically, the user interface contains the display and controls.

[0022] Specifically, the emergency shutdown interface provides an input for receiving an external emergency shutdown signal.

[0023] In particular, the actuator control interface contains outputs for controlling the drive of the ventilation motor control damper, as well as a feedback sensor for monitoring its current position.

[0024] In particular, the control module is designed with an indication of the state of the supply voltage and is designed with the ability to control the ventilation temperature.

[0025] Brief description of drawings.

[0026] Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the ventilation motor control device.

[0027] The figure shows: 1 - housing, 2 - microcontroller, 3 - power circuit breaker, 4 - current control module, 5 - communication module, 6 - user interface, 7 - emergency shutdown interface, 8 - actuator control interface, 9 - control module, 10 - power supply.

[0028] Implementation of the invention.

[0029] Currently, ventilation motors are often controlled using bulky control cabinets, requiring separate installation of the controller, power switching module (contactors), external circuit breaker, and separate interface panels. Integrating such systems with central control systems requires the installation of additional, expensive I / O modules. Furthermore, speed control (power regulation) often requires external frequency converters, which increases the system's size and complexity.

[0030] The ventilation motor control device includes a single housing 1, inside which a single printed circuit board is installed, wherein a microcontroller 2, a power circuit breaker 3, a current control module 4, a communication module 5, a user interface 6, an emergency shutdown interface 7, an actuator control interface 8, a control module 9, and a power supply 10 are installed on the printed circuit board.

[0031] The main advantage of the ventilation motor control device is the complete integration of all necessary functional and protective elements on a single printed circuit board in housing 1, which ensures significantly smaller dimensions compared to standard control cabinets assembled from individual components.

[0032] Unified housing 1 refers to the overall protective casing of the device, which physically unites and encloses all functional components of the system, providing their mechanical protection, electrical safety, and forming a complete structural unit.

[0033] A single printed circuit board (PCB) is a common base made of dielectric material with a conductive circuit printed on it, on which all components of the device system are mounted and electrically connected to each other, ensuring their compact arrangement, reliable interaction via single buses and copper tracks, and eliminating the need for multiple separate boards and complex intermodule wiring.

[0034] Device size reduction refers to a significant reduction in the physical volume and footprint of the assembled device, achieved by eliminating multiple separate components and compactly placing them on a single printed circuit board within a single protective enclosure, eliminating the need for free space for mounting and connecting these components to each other, as well as for connecting individual cables to them.

[0035] This device is a complete, highly integrated solution for controlling a single ventilation motor. Its key advantage is its extreme miniaturization and versatility, thanks to the integration of all necessary functions in a single enclosure: local interactive speed (power) control, built-in protection (short-circuit breaker and motor current monitoring), and the ability to directly integrate into control systems via the ModBus protocol.

[0036] The device also features an emergency shutdown function triggered by a fire alarm. This arrangement saves space during installation compared to assembling similar functionality from separate modules, reduces the cost per control module, and speeds up installation into the ventilation line.

[0037] The speed of installation in the ventilation line is understood as the time required to install, connect and commission the ventilation motor control device on site, achieved due to its complete factory readiness and compact integration: the installer receives a single, fully functional device, the installation of which requires only securing one housing 1, connecting the power cable, connecting the control cables and the network interface, which eliminates the time spent assembling and interconnecting many individual components inside the cabinet, configuring them and laying internal wiring between them, thereby speeding up the overall installation cycle of the ventilation system.

[0038] The ventilation motor control device is a compact integrated system housed in a single housing 1 on a common printed circuit board, where all components are interconnected via copper tracks, data buses, analog and digital signals, and power supply circuits to ensure coordinated operation.

[0039] Microcontroller 2 contains software capable of controlling the fan motor speed. Microcontroller 2 is integrated into a printed circuit board with pre-installed software that enables motor speed adjustment by varying the duty cycle or frequency.

[0040] Microcontroller 2 refers to a programmable integrated circuit that acts as the central computing and control core of the device, being installed on a single printed circuit board and executing pre-installed software to coordinate the operation of all system components, including direct control of the rotation speed of the ventilation motor by adjusting the frequency or pulse-width modulation (PWM), processing data from modules, exchanging information, as well as interacting with interfaces and alarm signals, which together ensures the intelligent and autonomous functioning of the entire device as a single whole.

[0041] Microcontroller 2 can be, for example, a chip from the family of 32-bit microcontrollers on the ARM Cortex-M core (such as the STM32 from STMicroelectronics, the LPC series from NXP, or the SAM series microcontrollers from Microchip), or an 8 / 16-bit microcontroller (for example, the PIC series from Microchip or the AVR from Microchip / Atmel), which contains all the necessary peripheral modules: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for processing sensor signals, timers with PWM support for generating motor speed control signals, UART / SPI / I2C interfaces for communicating with other board modules, as well as sufficient memory for executing the embedded software.

[0042] The software (SW) of the microcontroller 2 is understood to be a set of programs, algorithms, drivers and configuration data recorded in its non-volatile memory (firmware), which determine its operating logic, being specially developed to control a specific device: this embedded software ensures the execution of all key functions, including algorithms for regulating the engine speed (by changing the PWM duty cycle or frequency), processing and analysis of data from analog and digital sensors (for example, current from the control module 4), communication management through the communication module 5, processing of user interface commands 6 and alarm signals 7, and also implements diagnostic and protective functions, acting as an intelligent "brain" that coordinates the operation of the entire integrated system on a single printed circuit board.

[0043] The software in the microcontroller 2 is implemented in the form of embedded software code (firmware) written in its read-only memory, which is architecturally built as a modular real-time program containing drivers for controlling all the peripherals of the device (such as PWM controllers for adjusting the motor speed, ADCs for reading analog signals, and UART / SPI interfaces for communication), data processing algorithms (including a PID speed controller, motor current diagnostics, and alarm processing), a ModBus protocol stack for network integration, as well as a state machine for coordinated interaction with the user interface, actuators, and protection systems, which allows the microcontroller to effectively perform the role of a centralized logical core of the entire highly integrated control system.

[0044] The ability to control the rotation speed of the ventilation motor is understood as the functional ability of the microcontroller 2 to generate and change the output control signals that affect the power section of the motor, which is implemented through the built-in software, which, based on the specified settings (from the local interface or remote control center), feedback data from the current control module 4 and internal algorithms, dynamically adjusts the key parameters of the output signal - such as the duty cycle (duty cycle) of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) or its frequency - thereby ensuring a smooth and accurate change in the electrical power supplied to the motor, and, as a result, control of its mechanical rotation speed to maintain the required parameters of the ventilation system.

[0045] Microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to power supply 10, which is electrically connected to circuit breaker 3 via a power supply circuit. Circuit breaker 3, integrated on the printed circuit board, is configured to protect microcontroller 2 from short circuits. Circuit breaker 3 is connected to the circuit breaker circuit of the printed circuit board to protect all components of the device.

[0046] Power supply 10 is understood to be an electronic module built onto a single printed circuit board that receives external mains voltage (for example, ~230 V AC), converts it into one or more stabilized levels of direct current, and ensures the distribution of this energy through the power supply circuits of the microcontroller 2, thereby acting as a centralized and integrated energy unit that eliminates the need for an external power supply, promotes further miniaturization of the system, increases reliability due to optimized internal connections and guarantees stable operation of both the power section (ventilation motor) and the control electronics in a single housing 1.

[0047] The power supply 10 can be, for example, a switching step-down AC / DC converter built into a printed circuit board (for example, a module based on the TOP264EG chip or similar from the TOPSwitch series), which accepts a wide range of input mains voltage (~ 85-265 V AC), converts it into a stabilized low DC voltage (for example, + 24 V to power the power circuits, damper drive and interfaces, as well as + 5 V or + 3.3 V through additional DC / DC converters to power the microcontroller 2 and digital logic), has high efficiency, compact dimensions, as well as galvanic isolation between the input and output circuits to ensure safety and noise immunity, which makes it an ideal solution for full integration into a single control device, eliminating the need for an external separate power supply.

[0048] Power circuit breaker 3 is an electromechanical switching protection device integrated directly onto a single printed circuit board, which is designed to conduct, turn on and automatically turn off the power supply circuit of the entire device when abnormal conditions occur in it, primarily a short circuit or significant current overload and disconnecting the overload in the motor, thereby providing reliable protection for both the microcontroller 2 itself and the ventilation motor from damage, which eliminates the need for an external circuit breaker and is a key element of the built-in protective function of the device, capable of also acting as a manual switch for completely de-energizing the system and disconnecting the overload that has occurred in the ventilation motor.

[0049] The power circuit breaker 3 may be, for example, a compact molded case modular circuit breaker designed for direct mounting on a printed circuit board (such as the S200 or S280 series of ABB, or similar series of Schneider Electric, Eaton or Legrand), which is designed for the corresponding operating current of the fan motor (such as 1A, 6A, 16A), is equipped with an electromagnetic tripping device for instantaneous tripping under short circuit and a thermal tripping device for overload protection, and has compact screw terminals or quick-release terminals for soldering onto the board and connecting the power conductors, which fully meets the requirement of integration into a single control device.

[0050] The power supply circuit is understood to be the set of all conductive elements on a single printed circuit board and inside the housing 1, forming a closed electrical network that starts from the connection points of the external power supply voltage, passes through the built-in power circuit breaker 3, includes copper tracks, buses, decoupling elements, terminals and, possibly, built-in stabilizers or converters, and is intended for the safe distribution and supply of electrical energy to all components of the device, as well as to the power circuits that supply the ventilation motor, thereby providing the basis for power supply and coordinated operation of the entire integrated system.

[0051] The ability to protect microcontroller 2 from short circuit 2 refers to the functional property of the built-in power circuit breaker 3, which consists in its ability to automatically break the power supply circuit of the entire printed circuit board when an abnormally high short-circuit current occurs in it, thereby preventing the flow of destructive overcurrent through the electronic components of the device, primarily through microcontroller 2, which eliminates its thermal or electrical damage, ensuring the safety of the "brain" of the system and all adjacent modules, and this function is realized by integrating the switch directly into the power supply circuit in front of the key elements of the board.

[0052] Microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to current monitoring module 4 and control module 9 via an analog-to-digital converter. Current monitoring module 4 is integrated onto the printed circuit board and interfaced with microcontroller 2 to transmit ventilation motor current data to microcontroller 2 and is capable of ventilation motor diagnostics. Current monitoring module 4 is connected to the ventilation motor power supply circuit via current sensors and to microcontroller 2 for transmitting measurements.

[0053] Current monitoring module 4 refers to an electronic unit built into a single printed circuit board, consisting of current sensors (e.g., a current transformer, a shunt, or a Hall effect sensor), an amplification circuit, and, if necessary, galvanic isolation, which is interfaced with the analog-to-digital converter of the microcontroller 2 and is designed to continuously measure the current in the power supply circuit of the ventilation motor, convert this analog parameter into digital data, and transmit them to the microcontroller 2 for processing, which ensures the implementation of key functions for diagnosing the condition of the motor (e.g., detecting overload, phase loss, or mechanical faults) and implementing additional, accurate current protection in addition to the protection of the power circuit breaker 3

[0054] The current monitoring module 4 can be, for example, an integrated electronic circuit based on a Hall effect current sensor (such as the ACS712 or ACS758), which provides galvanic isolation and produces an analog signal proportional to the measured current in the motor power circuit, alternatively, it can be a circuit based on a precision shunt resistor (shunt) followed by an operational amplifier to amplify the voltage drop (for example, using the INA219 chip), or a ready-made module with a digital interface (for example, based on the MAX471 chip), which transmits already digitized current data directly via the I2C or SPI bus to the microcontroller 2, and the choice of a specific implementation depends on the required parameters - current range, accuracy, the presence of galvanic isolation and cost.

[0055] An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an electronic unit (built into the microcontroller 2 or implemented as a separate microcircuit on a single printed circuit board) that performs the function of converting a continuous analog electrical signal - for example, voltage from the sensor of the current control module 4 or another analog sensor - into a discrete digital form (a sequence of binary codes) understandable for digital processing by the microcontroller 2, which allows the system to measure and analyze real physical parameters, such as engine current, and, based on this data, implement speed control, diagnostic and protection algorithms, thereby serving as an interface between the analog power section of the device and its digital control logic.

[0056] The ventilation motor current data refers to the digital information received by the microcontroller 2 as a result of analog-to-digital conversion of the signal from the current monitoring module 4, which quantitatively reflects the instantaneous, average or peak value of the current consumed by the motor during operation, and serves as a key diagnostic and control parameter that allows the system to evaluate the electrical load in real time, identify abnormal modes (such as overload, jamming, phase failure or imbalance), indirectly judge the mechanical state of the fan and adjust control actions to maintain a set speed or activate protective algorithms, thereby ensuring intelligent control and reliability of the entire system.

[0057] The ventilation motor diagnostic capability is understood to be the functional capability of the device, implemented jointly by the current control module 4 and the software of the microcontroller 2, which consists of continuous analysis of the received data on the current and other parameters of the ventilation motor in order to detect and identify deviations from the normal operating mode, such as mechanical jamming or increased resistance of the ventilation system (by a sharp increase in current), phase failure or imbalance (by a drop or distortion of current), bearing wear (by characteristic fluctuations or noise in the current characteristic), as well as general overload, which allows the system not only to promptly signal malfunctions through the user interface or the dispatching network, but also to take automatic protective measures (for example, shutdown or transition to a safe mode), thereby ensuring preventive maintenance,increasing reliability and preventing serious damage to equipment,

[0058] Microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to communication module 5 via a UART or SPI interface for data exchange via the ModBus protocol. Communication module 5 is equipped with an interface for integration into dispatching systems.

[0059] Communication module 5 is a hardware and software component built onto a single printed circuit board, consisting of a physical interface converter (for example, an RS-485 transmitter or Ethernet controller) and an associated protocol software stack, which, through standard microcontroller 2 interfaces (UART or SPI), implements two-way data exchange between the central control core (microcontroller 2) and external systems, providing the conversion of internal signals and commands into the format of an industrial communication protocol (in particular, ModBus RTU or TCP / IP) and their transmission over a network line, which allows the device to be directly integrated into centralized dispatching systems for remote condition monitoring, engine speed control, receiving alarms and generating reports, eliminating the need for installing additional external converters or input / output modules.

[0060] The communication module 5 may be, for example, a hardware complex based on a UART to RS-485 interface converter chip (such as MAX485, ADM2483 with galvanic isolation, or similar), paired with the microcontroller 2, and supplemented with a pre-installed ModBus RTU protocol software stack for organizing a serial network; alternatively, the communication module may be a more integrated solution, such as a ready-made industrial Ethernet module (for example, based on the W5500 controller) or a chip with wireless support (such as the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module used as a coprocessor), which, when installed on a single board, provide a physical channel and a protocol part for exchanging data with upper-level systems, such as SCADA or BMS, through the appropriate network media (twisted pair, Ethernet, radio channel).

[0061] UART interface refers to a universal asynchronous receiver / transmitter - a standard serial digital interface that is a hardware module (built into the microcontroller 2 or implemented as a separate chip on a printed circuit board) that provides asynchronous data exchange between the microcontroller and other devices (such as the communication module 5) by converting parallel data into a serial bit stream and back, using pre-agreed parameters of speed (bit rate), frame format (start bit, data bits, stop bit) and logical voltage levels, which allows for a reliable, simple communication channel to transmit commands, readings and states within the device, for example, for data exchange without the need for synchronization using a separate clock signal.

[0062] SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface, which is a standard four-wire communication protocol in which the microcontroller 2 acts as a master device that generates a clock signal (SCLK) and controls the data transfer along separate lines: data transfer from the master to the slave (MOSI), data reception from the slave to the master (MISO) and selection of the connected slave device through the chip select signal (CS), which allows for high-speed, full-duplex data exchange between the microcontroller and other components on the printed circuit board, characterized by simple hardware implementation, the absence of strict requirements for clock synchronization and the ability to connect multiple slave devices, which makes it an effective solution for internal communication in highly integrated control systems.

[0063] ModBus data exchange is a standardized industrial process of interaction between devices on a network, in which the microcontroller 2 (or communication module 5 as its extension) acts as a slave device (Slave), and the central dispatching system acts as a master (Master), transmitting structured requests and responses in the form of data frames containing the device address, the function code (for example, reading or writing registers), the data itself (speed, current, alarm status values) and a checksum, which allows for reliable and universal information exchange (statuses, commands, setting parameters) via an RS-485 serial line (ModBus RTU protocol) or an Ethernet network (ModBus TCP / IP protocol), thereby ensuring direct integration of the device into complex automation systems for remote monitoring and control without the need for additional intermediate converters or modules.

[0064] Dispatch systems are understood to be centralized top-level software and hardware systems, such as SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), BMS (Building Management System) or smart home systems, which are designed for remote monitoring, control, collection and analysis of data from multiple distributed objects (in this case, ventilation units), and integration with them is carried out through the device's communication module 5, which uses the industrial ModBus protocol, which allows you to transmit current engine operating parameters (speed, current, status) to a single dispatch center, receive control commands, generate emergency alerts and store a data archive for subsequent analysis and optimization of the entire building's engineering system, eliminating the need to install additional gateways or input / output modules

[0065] Microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to user interface 6, emergency shutdown interface 7, and actuator control interface 8 via digital interfaces.

[0066] Digital interfaces are standardized hardware and software protocols and physical communication lines implemented on a single printed circuit board in the form of copper tracks and the corresponding pins of the microcontroller 2, which are designed to exchange discrete signals (logical "0" and "1") between the microcontroller 2 and other modules, ensuring the transfer of commands, states and data without the need for analog-to-digital conversion, which is characterized by high noise immunity, deterministic speed and reliability, and the use of such interfaces instead of analog connections or bulky relay circuits can significantly simplify the design, reduce the number of wired connections and increase the overall reliability of the integrated control system.

[0067] Digital interfaces can be, for example, standard protocols and physical lines widely used in industrial and embedded electronics, such as:

[0068] • GPIO (General Purpose Input / Output) - universal pins of the microcontroller 2, which can be programmatically configured as an input (for reading the state of the user interface controls 6 or the dry contact signal from a fire alarm via the emergency shutdown interface 7) and as an output (for directly controlling the LED indication or supplying a discrete signal to the actuator via the actuator control interface 8).

[0069] • I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a two-wire serial interface that can be used to communicate between the microcontroller 2 and peripheral chips installed on the board, such as the display driver in the user interface 6 or the digital feedback sensor (encoder / potentiometer) in the actuator control interface 8, providing data exchange over a bus with addressing of multiple devices.

[0070] • CAN (Controller Area Network) is a robust industrial serial interface that can be implemented in a device for integration into more complex distributed building management systems or industrial networks, allowing the exchange of data and commands with other "smart" devices in the control system, although in the specific case described in the task, ModBus via UART / RS-485 is used for communication with the upper level.

[0071] The user interface 6 is integrated into the printed circuit board and contains a display and controls, and is thus configured to process signals from the display and controls, which enables local interactive control of the ventilation motor.

[0072] User interface 6 refers to a set of hardware and software integrated onto a single printed circuit board and controlled by microcontroller 2, which provides direct local interaction between the operator and the ventilation motor control device and includes information display devices (such as an LCD display, LED indicators, or a segment indicator) and input devices (such as buttons, an encoder, or a touch panel), which allows the user to set operating parameters (for example, rotation speed) in real time, configure the device, visually monitor its status (current, voltage, alarms), and receive diagnostic messages, thereby implementing the function of full-fledged interactive control without the need for external remote controls or connection to a dispatching system.

[0073] The user interface 6 may be, for example, a combination of a monochrome graphic or character LCD display (for example, based on an HD44780 controller with two lines of 16 characters or a graphic display with a resolution of 128x64 pixels) built into the housing 1 of the device for displaying parameters, as well as a set of tact buttons or a rotary encoder with a button for navigating the menu, selecting modes and adjusting values, alternatively, it can be a more modern solution in the form of a small resistive or capacitive TFT touch panel that provides intuitive graphical control, with all these components compactly placed on a single printed circuit board and connected to the microcontroller 2 via the appropriate digital lines (GPIO for buttons, SPI or I2C for the display).

[0074] Control elements are understood to be a set of physical input devices included in the user interface 6 and integrated onto a single printed circuit board, which are designed to convert operator actions (such as pressing, turning or touching) into electrical signals received by the microcontroller 2, which allows the user to directly and interactively influence the operation of the device, in particular, set and adjust the motor speed settings, select operating modes, navigate the settings menu, confirm commands, and turn the system on or off, thereby providing local and autonomous control over the ventilation unit without the mandatory use of remote dispatching systems.

[0075] The control elements may be, for example, physical components mounted on the front panel of the device and connected to the printed circuit board, such as tact buttons (e.g., vandal-proof buttons of the TL-59 series or similar) for basic on / off operations and mode selection, a rotary encoder with a built-in button (e.g., type EC11) for smooth speed adjustment and menu navigation, or touch elements (resistive or capacitive touch keys) that, in combination with the display, form an intuitive interface for setting settings and control, and all of these elements are electrically connected to the microcontroller 2 via GPIO digital inputs, and their state is processed by the embedded software to implement local interactive control of the motor.

[0076] Local interactive control of a ventilation motor means the ability of an operator directly at the installation site of the device, without the use of remote dispatching systems, to interact in real time with the device through the built-in user interface 6, which includes a display and controls (buttons, encoder), which allows visual monitoring of operating parameters (speed, current, status), manually setting and smoothly adjusting the motor rotation speed settings, selecting operating modes, viewing diagnostic messages and promptly responding to them, while all operator commands are processed by microcontroller 2, which instantly converts them into control actions on the motor, thereby providing autonomous, flexible and visual control of the ventilation unit with the ability to quickly adapt to changing conditions.

[0077] The emergency shutdown interface 7 is integrated into the printed circuit board and provides an input for receiving an external emergency shutdown signal, in particular for a fire alarm signal.

[0078] The emergency shutdown interface 7 is understood to be a hardware and software unit built onto a single printed circuit board, consisting of a physical connection point (for example, a terminal block or connector) and an associated interface circuit (opto-isolator or relay), which is electrically connected to the digital input of the microcontroller 2 and is designed to receive and process an external discrete emergency shutdown signal, which allows, upon receipt of such a signal, to immediately and in a priority order, regardless of the current operating mode, initiate the execution of an algorithm for a complete stop of the ventilation motor in the microcontroller 2, thereby ensuring the fulfillment of key safety requirements and the protection of equipment and people in emergency situations.

[0079] The emergency shutdown interface 7 can be, for example, a terminal block with two isolated input contacts, connected to the digital input circuit of the microcontroller 2 through an optocoupler isolation circuit (such as PC817) or through a small relay, which is designed to receive an external dry contact signal (opening or closing a normally-closed pair of contacts from a fire alarm relay) or a discrete voltage (such as 24V DC in accordance with the IEC 61131-2 standard), which ensures reliable interfacing with safety systems, noise isolation and instantaneous transmission of an alarm signal to the microcontroller to execute an unconditional engine emergency stop algorithm.

[0080] The input for receiving an external emergency shutdown signal is understood to be a specially dedicated and electrically isolated connection point (a pair of terminals or a connector) on the emergency shutdown interface 7, which is intended for physical connection to external security systems (for example, with a relay output of a fire alarm panel or an emergency button) and is designed to receive a discrete control signal in the form of a change in the state of an electrical circuit - either closing / opening contacts ("dry contact"), or the appearance / disappearance of voltage of a certain level (for example, 24 V DC), which makes it possible to transmit a high-priority command to the microcontroller 2 for immediate and unconditional execution of the algorithm for completely stopping the ventilation motor, thereby ensuring the integration of the device into the overall security system of the facility.

[0081] Microcontroller 2 is connected to actuator control interface 8 via electrical feedback to control the ventilation motor damper. Actuator control interface 8 is integrated into the printed circuit board and contains outputs for controlling the ventilation motor damper drive, as well as a feedback sensor for monitoring its current position.

[0082] The actuator control interface 8 is understood to be a hardware module built onto a single printed circuit board that serves as a link between the microcontroller 2 and an external actuator - a drive of the regulating damper of the ventilation system, and includes power or switching outputs (for example, relay or semiconductor keys) for supplying control signals to the drive, as well as a feedback circuit with a sensor (for example, potentiometric or encoder), which allows the microcontroller 2 not only to generate commands for opening or closing the damper to regulate the air flow, but also to receive and analyze information about its actual position in real time, thus ensuring accurate and closed-loop control of the mechanical part of the ventilation unit directly from the main board of the device without the need for external controllers.

[0083] The actuator control interface 8 may be, for example, a unified unit on a printed circuit board containing power outputs based on a low-power relay or semiconductor switches (for example, a triac with a MOC3063 driver for controlling the AC circuit of the damper drive or a MOSFET transistor for a DC circuit) for sending open / close commands and an analog or digital input circuit with a feedback sensor (such as a multi-turn potentiometer, a non-contact angle sensor based on the Hall effect, or an incremental encoder), which transmits data on the current position of the damper through an ADC or a digital input of the microcontroller 2, which makes it possible to implement a closed control loop for precise positioning and integration of the regulating element into the overall ventilation automation system directly from the main board of the device.

[0084] Electrical feedback is understood to mean the principle of organizing a closed control system, implemented in the control interface of the actuators 8, in which information about the actual state (in this case, about the current position angle) of the regulating damper of the ventilation motor, converted by a built-in sensor (for example, a potentiometer or encoder) into an electrical signal (analog voltage or digital code), is continuously transmitted through a separate circuit back to the microcontroller 2 for comparison with the set value, which allows the microcontroller 2 to dynamically adjust the control signals to the damper drive, ensuring accurate and stable positioning, compensation for possible mismatches and, as a result, maintaining the required air flow parameters in the ventilation system.

[0085] The ventilation motor damper control is understood to be a complex process carried out by the microcontroller 2 through the actuator control interface 8, which includes the formation of control commands for the damper drive (for example, to open or close), continuous receipt and analysis of electrical signals from the feedback sensor about its actual position, comparison of this position with the specified value (setpoint) and dynamic correction of control actions to eliminate the mismatch, which ensures accurate and stable regulation of the air duct cross-section, and therefore control of the air flow in the ventilation system in accordance with current requirements, and this entire process is implemented within a single integrated system without the need for external controllers.

[0086] The outputs for controlling the drive of the ventilation motor regulating damper are understood to be special electrical terminals or contacts that are part of the control interface of the actuators 8 and integrated onto a single printed circuit board, which are physically and electrically connected to the microcontroller 2 and are intended to transmit the control signals generated by it (for example, discrete “open / close” commands in the form of relay contacts or analog signals / PWM for smooth regulation) directly to the terminals of the external electric drive (actuator) of the damper, which allows for direct and precise control of its position to regulate the air flow without the need for intermediate external switching modules or amplifiers.

[0087] The feedback sensor is understood to be a measuring transducer physically connected to the control damper of the ventilation motor and electrically integrated into the actuator control interface 8 on a single printed circuit board, which is designed to continuously convert a mechanical parameter - the current angular or linear position of the damper - into an electrical signal (for example, proportional voltage, resistance or digital code), which is then transmitted to the microcontroller 2, which allows the system to obtain accurate information in real time about the actual position of the actuator for comparison with the set value and the implementation of closed-loop control algorithms, ensuring accurate positioning of the damper and, as a result, regulation of the air flow in accordance with the requirements of the ventilation system.

[0088] The feedback sensor can be, for example, a potentiometer (multi-turn or single-turn), mechanically connected to the damper shaft and changing its resistance proportional to the angle of rotation, which generates an analog voltage signal at the output for the microcontroller, alternatively, it can be a contactless sensor based on the Hall effect, producing an analog or digital signal, or an optical / magnetic incremental / absolute encoder that converts the rotation angle into a pulse sequence or digital code via the SPI / I2C interface, which ensures higher accuracy, reliability and durability under conditions of constant damper movements.

[0089] Control Module 9 is integrated into the printed circuit board and features a supply voltage status indicator and ventilation temperature monitoring capability. Control Module 9 is designed to monitor the supply voltage presence and indicate the ventilation status and temperature via an analog input.

[0090] The control module 9 is understood to be an electronic unit built into a single printed circuit board, the main function of which is to continuously monitor the presence and correctness of the parameters of the supply voltage supplied to the device, which is implemented using a control circuit (for example, based on a voltage comparator or through the built-in ADC of the microcontroller 2) and visual status indication (usually via an LED or group of LEDs), which allows you to quickly inform the user about the presence of power, as well as identify such anomalies as loss or significant deviation of voltage beyond acceptable limits, thereby providing an additional level of diagnostics and increasing the reliability of the entire ventilation motor control system due to early warning of problems in the power supply network.

[0091] The control module 9 may be, for example, an electronic circuit based on a voltage comparator (e.g., an LM393 chip or its equivalent), one input of which is connected via a resistive divider to the monitored power supply bus (e.g., +24V), and the second to the reference voltage from a zener diode or an integrated reference voltage source (RVS), while the comparator output is connected to an LED indicator on the front panel for visual signaling of "Power Supply Presence", and can also be connected to a digital input or interrupt (INT) of microcontroller 2 for software notification of voltage loss or restoration; alternatively, as a more integrated solution, a specialized voltage monitor chip (Voltage Supervisor) can be used, such as TLVx300x or ADMx, which itself monitors threshold values ​​​​and has a reset output (RST) or a status signal output connected to the microcontroller and the indicator.

[0092] Indication of the supply voltage status is understood to mean the function of visually displaying information on the presence and compliance of electrical power supplied to the device, which is implemented by the control module 9 through built-in light indicators located on the front panel of the housing 1 and controlled by an electronic circuit based on a comparator or voltage monitor, which continuously analyzes the input voltage level and lights up, extinguishes or changes the glow mode of the indicator, which allows the operator to instantly and without the use of additional devices determine whether the device is energized, and quickly identify problems in the power supply network, facilitating rapid maintenance and preventing operation in emergency modes.

[0093] The ventilation motor control device includes a single housing 1, inside which a single printed circuit board is installed, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the full integration of all components on a single board inside a common casing, which eliminates the need for a bulky control cabinet, separate modules, external frequency converters and complex inter-module wiring, thereby significantly reducing the physical volume of the system and the occupied space, and the installation is accelerated due to the factory readiness of the device: for commissioning, you only need to secure the single housing 1, connect the power cable, control cables and network interface, without wasting time on assembling and connecting many disparate components, their configuration and laying internal wiring.

[0094] The printed circuit board contains a microcontroller 2, a power circuit breaker 3, a current control module 4, a communication module 5, a user interface 6, an emergency shutdown interface 7, an actuator control interface 8, a control module 9, and a power supply 10, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line by combining all the key functions of control, protection, diagnostics, and communication in a single compact unit, eliminating the need for free space to place and connect separate components, minimizing the amount of external wiring, and allowing installation to be carried out as a connection of a finished unit, reducing the time for assembly, switching, and configuration of individual modules.

[0095] Microcontroller 2 contains software capable of controlling the rotation speed of the ventilation motor, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the implementation of the power control function (frequency or PWM) directly in the built-in firmware, which eliminates the need for an external bulky frequency converter or an additional speed controller, and software configuration of parameters and control algorithms through the user interface 6 or the dispatching system allows you to quickly adapt the device to the specific requirements of the ventilation line without physical rewiring or installing additional equipment, reducing both the occupied space and the time for integration and commissioning.

[0096] The microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to the power supply 10, which is electrically connected to the power circuit breaker 3 through the power circuit, which reduces the size of the device and improves the installation speed in the ventilation line by integrating the short-circuit and overload protection function directly on a single printed circuit board, which eliminates the need for a separate installation space, fixing and connecting an external circuit breaker, and also reduces the length and complexity of power wiring, since all the protective and control circuits are already connected at the factory, allowing the installer to only directly connect the external power cable to the terminals of the finished device, which greatly saves space and speeds up the installation process.

[0097] Microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to current monitoring module 4 and control module 9 using an analog-to-digital converter, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the full integration of key parameter monitoring functions (motor current consumption and power supply status) directly into the electronics of a single board, which eliminates the need for external measuring converters, additional diagnostic devices and laying separate signal circuits to remote sensors, since all analog signals are converted and processed inside the device, reducing the number of external connections, the amount of installation work and ensuring the system is ready for operation immediately after power is supplied without the laborious adjustment of external measuring circuits.

[0098] Microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to communication module 5 via UART or SPI interface, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the implementation of a built-in industrial communication channel directly on a single printed circuit board, which eliminates the need for installation, power supply and configuration of a separate external communication gateway or I / O module, and standardized interfaces provide simple and reliable internal integration of components, allowing you to connect the device to the dispatching system directly through a single network cable without intermediate converters and complex configuration, reducing both the space for additional equipment and the time for organizing network interaction.

[0099] Microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to user interface 6, emergency shutdown interface 7 and actuator control interface 8 via digital interfaces, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line by replacing analog circuits and bulky relay circuits with compact digital signal lines on a single board, which eliminates the need for separate indicator units, external push-button posts, intermediate relays and complex wiring between them, since all control signals, emergency stop commands and feedback data from the dampers are transmitted via standard digital protocols directly between components, minimizing the number of wire connections and the space occupied, and also allowing all connections of external controls, fire alarms and actuators to a single set of terminals on housing 1,which significantly reduces the time for switching and checking the integrity of many disparate circuits.

[0100] The microcontroller 2 is connected to the actuator control interface 8 through electrical feedback, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line by integrating the closed-loop control loop (including the position sensor and the damper drive control circuit) directly on a single printed circuit board, which eliminates the need for an external positioning controller, additional feedback signal processing modules and complex analog wiring between individual components, since the functions of generating control signals, reading and processing damper position data are implemented inside a single housing, minimizing the number of external wiring connections and occupied space, and also allowing you to connect the damper drive and receive the feedback signal through a single interface, which significantly reduces the time for installation, configuration and calibration of the air flow control system.

[0101] Power circuit breaker 3 is designed to protect microcontroller 2 from short circuits, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the placement of the emergency shutdown function in case of overcurrents directly on the main printed circuit board, which eliminates the need to allocate a separate mounting space, install and connect an external circuit breaker, as well as lay additional power circuits to it, since all the elements of protection and control logic are combined in a single block, reducing the total number of components, external connections and the complexity of power wiring, which allows the installer to perform only a direct connection of the incoming power cable to the device, saving time on assembling and switching separate protection.

[0102] The current control module 4 is designed with the ability to diagnose the ventilation motor, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the implementation of motor condition analysis functions (detection of overload, jamming, phase failure) directly in the built-in algorithms of the microcontroller 2, which eliminates the need for external diagnostic systems, additional sensors and bulky measuring devices, and built-in intelligent protection and the generation of diagnostic messages allow you to quickly identify and eliminate faults without disassembling the system or connecting third-party equipment, reducing both the space for additional devices and the time for commissioning and checking the performance of the ventilation line.

[0103] Communication module 5 is equipped with an interface for integration into dispatching systems via the ModBus protocol, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line by eliminating the need to install and connect an external interface converter, a separate communication gateway or an additional input-output module, since the network data exchange function is implemented on the main board, which allows you to connect the device to the central control system directly, through a single network cable, without intermediate hardware components, reducing the space occupied in the control cabinet and saving time on installation, configuration and integration of additional network devices.

[0104] The user interface 6 contains a display and control elements, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the full integration of local interactive control and parameter visualization tools directly into the body 1 of the device, which eliminates the need for installation, connection and configuration of a separate external control panel, operator panel or additional display elements, since all functions for setting the settings, monitoring the status and navigating the menu are implemented on a single board, reducing the number of external components, the space they occupy and eliminating the need to lay and switch separate communication and power cables for the external interface, which allows you to quickly configure and start the system directly on site without the use of additional equipment.

[0105] The emergency shutdown interface 7 contains an input for receiving an external emergency shutdown signal, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line by integrating the priority shutdown circuit for a fire alarm signal directly onto the main board, which eliminates the need for installing, powering and switching a separate external relay module or an intermediate safety signal converter, since for connection it is enough to connect the wire from the fire alarm system to the standard terminals on the body 1 of the device, reducing the number of additional components, the space they occupy in the cabinet and saving time on assembling and testing a separate emergency stop circuit.

[0106] The actuator control interface 8 contains outputs for controlling the drive of the ventilation motor regulating damper, as well as a feedback sensor for monitoring its current position, which reduces the size of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line by combining the drive control circuits and monitoring its position directly on a single printed circuit board, which eliminates the need for a separate external positioning controller, intermediate relay modules, as well as independent installation and configuration of a remote feedback sensor, since all power and signal circuits are already integrated, allowing you to connect the damper drive and receive information about its position through a single unified connector, which reduces the number of external components and the volume of installation work, and also speeds up the process of putting the system into operation due to the absence of the need for calibration and coordination of individual external control devices.

[0107] The control module 9 is designed with an indication of the supply voltage status and is capable of monitoring the ventilation temperature, which reduces the dimensions of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the integration of the visual control function for the presence and correctness of the network power supply directly into the housing 1 of the device, which eliminates the need for external voltmeters, signal lamps or additional indicator modules that require separate installation and connection, and immediate visual diagnostics of the power status via the built-in LED allows you to quickly confirm the readiness of the system for operation without the use of measuring instruments, reducing the number of external components and saving time on checking the integrity of the power circuit during commissioning.

[0108] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the ventilation motor control device includes a single housing 1, inside which a single printed circuit board is installed, wherein a microcontroller 2, a power circuit breaker 3, a current control module 4, a communication module 5, a user interface 6, an emergency shutdown interface 7, an actuator control interface 8, a control module 9 are installed on the printed circuit board, wherein the microcontroller 2 contains software configured to control the rotation speed of the ventilation motor, the microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to the power circuit breaker 3 through a power supply circuit, the microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to the current control module 4 and the control module 9 using an analog-to-digital converter, the microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to the communication module 5 via the UART or SPI interface, the microcontroller 2 is electrically connected to the user interface 6,with an emergency shutdown interface 7 and with an actuator control interface 8 via digital interfaces, in addition, the microcontroller 2 is connected to the actuator control interface 8 via electrical feedback, which reduces the dimensions of the device and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line due to the complete integration of all control, protective, diagnostic and communication functions on a single board in a common housing 1, which eliminates the need for a separate control cabinet, external frequency converters, additional protection modules, relay interfaces, separate control panels and external feedback sensors, since all components are connected in the factory by means of printed conductors and standard digital interfaces, minimizing the number of external wire connections, the amount of space required for placement and eliminating labor-intensive operations on assembling, switching and configuring separate modules,This allows the device to be installed as a ready-made unit, requiring only the connection of a power cable, motor, external emergency stop signals, damper drive, and network interface via standardized terminals, significantly reducing the physical volume of the system and the time required for its installation and commissioning.

[0109] The ventilation motor control device is used as follows.

[0110] This ventilation motor control device is used to automatically regulate the ventilation system, ensuring optimal airflow, temperature, humidity, and energy consumption. First, install the ventilation control panel indoors or in a technical compartment, securing it to a wall or rack with adequate access for maintenance and protection from moisture. Next, connect the temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors to the device's microcontroller, routing the cables through the air ducts and securing them with clamps to prevent damage. Next, connect actuators, such as valve drives and frequency converters, to the ventilation motor using wiring diagrams to ensure synchronous operation.

[0111] Next, install the control panel or remote control, integrating them with the main microcontroller 2 via network cables or wireless modules for parameter monitoring. Calibrate the device by setting temperature and humidity thresholds in the microcontroller 2 software interface so that the ventilation motor activates when the set values ​​are exceeded. Check the power supply connection, including uninterruptible power supplies for protection against failures, and test the system at idle, ensuring there are no vibrations or sensor errors.

[0112] Prepare the unit for operation by turning on the microcontroller 2 and running a test ventilation cycle to check its response to changes in conditions, such as rising CO2 or temperature. Configure operating modes, selecting automatic, energy-saving, or maximum via the control panel, and integrate with smart home systems for remote access. During operation, control the unit by adjusting the ventilation motor speed using a frequency converter based on sensor data, adjusting the airflow to maintain an optimal microclimate. Monitor parameters via the display or app, including alarms for filter cleaning or repairs, and shut down the system if necessary, switching it to standby mode to reduce energy consumption.

[0113] Examples of the implementation of the ventilation motor control device.

[0114] The first example of the implementation of the ventilation motor control device is a compact module for industrial ventilation systems, where a single housing 1 is made of impact-resistant ABS plastic with protection class IP54, inside which there is a single multilayer printed circuit board based on FR-4 material with a thickness of 1.6 mm and copper tracks to ensure reliable electrical connections of all components, on this board there is a microcontroller 2 based on STM32F407 from STMicroelectronics, containing embedded software in the form of firmware in the C language, using PID control algorithms and PWM to control the rotation speed of the ventilation motor by dynamically adjusting the duty cycle of pulses on the output pins with a frequency of up to 20 kHz, a power circuit breaker 3 of the S200 series from ABB, rated for a current of 16 A with electromagnetic and thermal tripping devices, connected to the microcontroller 2 through a power supply 10,including an LM2596 voltage stabilizer for supplying 5 V to logic and providing short-circuit protection by momentarily breaking the circuit at a current exceeding 100 A, a current monitoring module 4 based on an ACS712 Hall effect sensor, connected to a microcontroller 2 via a built-in 12-bit analog-to-digital converter for transmitting data on the motor current in the range of 0-20 A with a resolution of 185 mV / A, and configured to diagnose the ventilation motor by analyzing the current characteristics to detect overload, jamming or phase loss with the activation of protective algorithms in the firmware, a communication module 5 based on MAX485 for RS-485, connected to the microcontroller 2 via a UART interface with a bit rate of 9600 baud and equipped with a ModBus RTU protocol stack for integration into SCADA-type dispatching systems, allowing remote reading of the speed, current and state registers, as well as writing setpoints,user interface 6 with a HD44780 character LCD display (2 lines of 16 characters) and four tact buttons for menu navigation, connected to microcontroller 2 via GPIO digital interfaces for entering commands and displaying parameters, providing local interactive speed control and viewing diagnostics, emergency shutdown interface 7 with dry contact terminals connected to microcontroller 2 via a PC817 opto-isolator at a digital input with interrupt for receiving an external fire alarm signal that causes an immediate stop of the engine, actuator control interface 8 with outputs on IRLZ44N MOSFET transistors for controlling the drive of the 220 V AC ventilation motor regulating damper, as well as with a 10 kOhm potentiometric feedback sensor for monitoring the current position of the damper with a resolution of 0.1 °,connected to microcontroller 2 via electrical feedback on the analog input of the ADC and via digital interfaces GPIO for closed-loop positioning, control module 9 based on the comparator LM393, connected to microcontroller 2 via an analog-to-digital converter for monitoring the supply voltage of 220 V with a threshold of 180-250 V and made with a green LED indicator on the panel to visualize the state of the presence of voltage, flashing in case of deviations.

[0115] The second example of the implementation of the ventilation motor control device is a stand-alone unit for commercial buildings, where a single case 1 made of aluminum alloy with radiators for heat dissipation and IP65 protection, inside which a single single-sided printed circuit board on fiberglass with reinforced power buses is installed for the integration of all elements, the board contains a microcontroller 2 series PIC18F from Microchip, with pre-installed software in assembler and C ++, implementing control of the rotation speed of the ventilation motor through frequency modulation up to 50 Hz using built-in timers and feedback to maintain the set speed, a power circuit breaker 3 series C60N from Schneider Electric for 10 A with screw terminals,electrically connected to microcontroller 2 via power supply 10 with EMI filters for interference suppression and providing protection against short circuit by automatic shutdown at current exceeding 50 A with a response time of less than 10 ms, current monitoring module 4 on a shunt with an INA219 amplifier, connected to microcontroller 2 via a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter via the I2C bus for transmitting data on current in the range of 0-15 A with an accuracy of 0.1%, and configured to diagnose the ventilation motor by spectral analysis of current fluctuations to detect wear of bearings or imbalance with the generation of alarm messages, communication module 5 based on W5500 for Ethernet, connected to microcontroller 2 via an SPI interface at a speed of 10 Mbit / s and equipped with the ModBus TCP / IP protocol for integration into BMS dispatching systems, supporting remote firmware updates and data logging,user interface 6 with a 128x64 pixel graphic OLED display and an EC11 rotary encoder with a button, connected to microcontroller 2 via I2C digital interfaces for the display and GPIO for the encoder, allowing you to interactively set the speed, view current graphs and configure parameters locally, emergency shutdown interface 7 with a connector for a 24 V signal, connected to microcontroller 2 via a digital interface with opto-isolation for receiving an external emergency shutdown signal from the fire safety system, activating the priority stopping algorithm, actuator control interface 8 with BTA16 triac outputs for controlling the drive of the 24 V DC ventilation motor regulating damper, as well as with an AS5048A magnetic encoder for monitoring the current position of the damper with an absolute accuracy of 0.05 °,connected to microcontroller 2 via electrical feedback via SPI and via digital interfaces for precise positioning in a closed loop, control module 9 on the TLV431 microcircuit as a reference voltage source, connected to microcontroller 2 via an analog-to-digital converter for checking the 24 V supply voltage with thresholds of 20-28 V and made with a multi-color RGB LED for indicating the status: green for normal, red for absence or deviation.

[0116] The third example of the implementation of the ventilation motor control device is an integrated controller for residential ventilation systems, where a single case 1 made of polycarbonate with compact dimensions of 150x100x50 mm and ventilation holes for cooling, inside which a single double-sided printed circuit board on fiberglass with gold-plated contacts for durability is mounted, a microcontroller 2 AVR ATmega2560 from Microchip is installed on the board, containing software in the form of modular firmware in C with a finite state machine for controlling the rotation speed of the ventilation motor through pulse-width modulation with a resolution of 10 bits and a frequency of 1 kHz, integrating the processing of signals from all modules, a power circuit breaker 3 series DZ47 from Chint for 6 A with quick-clamp terminals, connected to the microcontroller 2 through a power supply 10 with a DC-DC converter for 3,3 V logic and providing protection against short circuit by triggering a thermal element in case of overload and electromagnetic in case of short circuit, current monitoring module 4 based on MAX471 with digital output, connected to microcontroller 2 via analog-to-digital converter for monitoring motor current of 0-10 A with sampling frequency of 1 kHz, and configured with the possibility of ventilation motor diagnostics through machine learning algorithms in firmware for predictive detection of faults based on current patterns, communication module 5 on ESP8266 for Wi-Fi, connected to microcontroller 2 via UART interface with 115200 baud and equipped with ModBus over TCP for wireless integration into smart home dispatching systems, allowing a mobile application for monitoring and control, user interface 6 with 2.4" TFT display of capacitive type and touch buttons, connected to microcontroller 2 via digital interfaces SPI for display and GPIO for sensors,providing graphical interactive control with real-time display of data and settings, emergency shutdown interface 7 with terminals for a normally closed contact, connected to microcontroller 2 via a digital interface with a relay for receiving an external emergency shutdown signal, such as from a smoke detector, with immediate disconnection of the motor power supply, actuator control interface 8 with SRD-05VDC relay outputs for controlling the drive of the 12 V ventilation motor regulating damper, as well as with an optical encoder for monitoring the current position of the damper with an incremental signal of 100 pulses / rev, connected to microcontroller 2 via electrical feedback on the pulse counter and via digital interfaces for adaptive control; control module 9 on ADM809 with a reset output,connected to microcontroller 2 via an analog-to-digital converter for monitoring the 12 V supply voltage with a hysteresis of 10% and equipped with yellow LEDs for indicating the state of the supply voltage and monitoring the ventilation temperature, flashing at low voltage and constant at normal voltage.

[0117] Based on the technical results, a comparative analysis of the claimed invention was conducted with similar devices and a prototype. The analysis included checking the device's dimensions (housing volume in liters) and installation speed in the ventilation line (installation time in minutes).

[0118] For objective comparison, all devices were tested under the same conditions: controlling one 1 kW ventilation motor in a standard industrial ventilation line 10 meters long. The requirements include integration into the dispatching system via ModBus, short-circuit protection, current diagnostics, emergency shutdown, damper control, and power indication. Tests were conducted in laboratory conditions at a temperature of +20°C and 50% humidity, using a qualified installer with 5 years of experience, measuring the volume by the external dimensions of the housing and the time from unpacking to full integration and testing using a chronometer and a 3D scanner for dimensions.

[0119] The CN 202274575 U has a size of 45 liters due to the expandable cabinet with separate modular units for the PAC controller, external interface and power supply, which requires additional space to adapt to the power, the installation speed is 110 minutes due to the need for on-site assembly of modules, wireless network configuration and connection of multiple circuits for ventilation zones.

[0120] CN 115420004 A has a size of 35 liters due to the use of an outer shell with separate boards for the MCU, motor drive board and keyboard panel, plus a radiator and fan for heat dissipation, the installation speed is 85 minutes due to the individual installation of components, setting up interfaces for sensors and connecting to the power supply, taking into account corrosion-resistant materials.

[0121] The CN 101440990 A has a volume of 25 liters due to the separate circuits and modules for the microprocessor, fire communication interfaces, keyboard and sensors, which require space for RS485 communication and data storage. The installation speed was 55 minutes due to the need for on-site configuration, sensor connection and testing of priority fire alarms.

[0122] At the same time, the claimed invention has dimensions of 4 liters due to the complete integration of all components on a single printed circuit board in a compact case without separate modules and external converters. The installation speed was 12 minutes due to the factory readiness of the device with unified terminals for quick connection of the power cable, motor and interfaces without assembling and configuring separate elements.

[0123] Thus, the claimed invention reduces the dimensions of the device by 6-11 times and increases the speed of installation in the ventilation line by 4-9 times compared to analogs and the prototype, demonstrating the best results due to the highly integrated design.

Claims

1. A ventilation motor control device comprising a single housing within which a single printed circuit board is installed, wherein a microcontroller, a power circuit breaker, a current control module, a communication module, a user interface, an emergency shutdown interface, an actuator control interface, a control module, a power source are installed on the printed circuit board, wherein the microcontroller contains software configured to control the rotation speed of the ventilation motor, the microcontroller is electrically connected to the power source, which is electrically connected to the power circuit breaker through a power circuit, the microcontroller is electrically connected to the current control module and the control module using an analog-to-digital converter, the microcontroller is electrically connected to the communication module via a UART or SPI interface, the microcontroller is electrically connected to the user interface,with an emergency shutdown interface and with an actuator control interface via digital interfaces, in addition, the microcontroller is connected to the actuator control interface via electrical feedback., 2. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the power circuit breaker is designed with the ability to protect the microcontroller from short circuits.

3. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the current control module is designed with the ability to diagnose the ventilation motor.

4. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the communication module is equipped with an interface for integration into dispatching systems using the ModBus protocol.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the user interface comprises a display and control elements.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergency shutdown interface contains an input for receiving an external emergency shutdown signal.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control interface for the actuators contains outputs for controlling the drive of the ventilation motor control damper, as well as a feedback sensor for monitoring its current position.

8. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the control module is designed with an indication of the state of the supply voltage and is designed with the ability to control the ventilation temperature.

Images