Solid fuel stove with water jacket

Abstract

FIELD: heat exchange equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for burning fuel that operate on solid fuel (wood, wood and peat briquettes, coal, pellets, etc.), intended primarily for heating a coolant, for example, for heating air in rooms and other applications. A solid fuel stove with a water jacket includes a body with a water jacket, made along the outer perimeter of the housing with inlet and outlet pipes. The body comprises a combustion chamber with a door for loading fuel, at least one secondary combustion chamber separated from the combustion chamber by a partition, where a chimney pipe is installed in the area of the secondary combustion chamber, a blower chamber with a blower door configured to adjust opening / closing, an ash chamber configured to receive ash. In the lower part of the combustion chamber there are grates with a grate door, where the grates are made in an L-shape in the form of through pipes arranged horizontally at a distance from each other, forming a platform for laying solid fuel and located from the area of the grate door and turning into vertically oriented through pipes at the rear wall of the combustion chamber, extending at least to the middle of the height of the combustion chamber.EFFECT: increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of fuel combustion in the furnace for heating the coolant of the water jacket due to the additional supply of air into the combustion chamber and into the secondary combustion chamber.4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of heat exchange equipment, namely to devices for burning fuel that operate on solid fuel (wood, wood and peat briquettes, coal, pellets, etc.), intended primarily for heating a coolant, for example, for heating air in rooms and other applications.

[0002] Furnaces are widely known from the prior art, which contain a body with a combustion chamber for fuel and a grate, a blower chamber (ash pan), and a chimney pipe.

[0003] The closest analogue to the claimed invention is the solution, RU 158389 U1, 27.12.2015, disclosing a furnace-boiler, containing a housing, a water jacket, formed along the entire perimeter of the boiler, a firebox chamber, a chamber for the discharge of exhaust gases into the chimney, a means for supplying primary air, a means for supplying secondary air, a grate, pipes for the inlet and outlet of water of the first circuit, including a water jacket, a heat exchanger, containing two packages of horizontal pipes, where the heat exchanger pipes are placed in the chamber for the discharge of exhaust gases into the chimney across the movement of the exhaust gases and provide the possibility of turbulence of the flow of exhaust gases and additional heat removal, in addition, the boiler additionally contains a chamber for the afterburning of exhaust gases, formed by horizontal walls separating the afterburning chamber from the firebox chamber, and chambers for the discharge of exhaust gases into the chimney and having a fireclay lining, in this case, secondary air injectors are located in the afterburning chamber,connected to a secondary air supply tunnel made at the rear wall of the combustion chamber and providing the possibility of supplying secondary air from the bottom up through the combustion chamber, and also in the afterburning chamber there are catalyst tunnels made of fireclay bricks, the hot water solid fuel boiler additionally contains pipes for the input and output of water of the second circuit, including a heat exchanger, and at least part of the combustion chamber inside is made with fireclay lining.

[0004] The disadvantage of this solution is that its efficiency and effectiveness are not so high, due to the secondary air supply to the afterburning chamber through the injector, since the small holes of the injector are not able to supply air in the required volume, are prone to clogging, and in addition, there is no secondary air supply in the upper part of the combustion chamber to enhance the combustion process in combination with afterburning.

[0005] The objective of the claimed solution is to develop a design for a solid fuel furnace with a water jacket, which eliminates the shortcomings of the closest analogue.

[0006] The technical result is an increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of fuel combustion in a furnace for heating the coolant of a water jacket due to the additional supply of air into the combustion chamber and into the secondary combustion chamber.

[0007] This result is achieved in that the solid fuel stove with a water jacket includes a housing with a water jacket, made along the outer perimeter of the housing with inlet and outlet pipes, where the housing contains a firebox with a door for loading fuel, at least one secondary combustion chamber separated from the firebox by a partition, where a chimney pipe is installed in the area of ​​the secondary combustion chamber,

[0008] a blowing chamber with a blowing door, designed with the possibility of adjusting the opening / closing,

[0009] an ash chamber configured to receive ash, wherein

[0010] in the lower part of the combustion chamber there are grates with a grate door, where the grates are made in an L-shape in the form of through pipes located horizontally at a distance from each other, forming a platform for laying solid fuel and located from the area of ​​the grate door and turning into vertically oriented through pipes at the rear wall of the combustion chamber, extending at least to the middle of the height of the combustion chamber.

[0011] On the rear wall of the combustion chamber, above the vertically oriented through grate pipes, an insert made of fireclay is installed.

[0012] The grate door is designed with the ability to adjust the opening / closing to provide an increase or decrease in the air supply to the grate.

[0013] The ash chamber has a damper at the bottom, which can be opened / closed to ensure cleaning of the ash chamber from ash.

[0014] Next, the design features and operating principle of the solid fuel furnace will be described taking into account the attached figures 1-4,

[0015] Fig. 1 - isometric front view,

[0016] Fig. 2 - front view,

[0017] Fig. 3 - side view along section A-A,

[0018] Fig. 4 - top view of section B-B,

[0019] where pos:

[0020] 1 - body;

[0021] 2 - combustion chamber;

[0022] 3 - door;

[0023] 4 - secondary combustion chamber;

[0024] 5 - partition;

[0025] 6 - chimney pipe;

[0026] 7 - blowing chamber;

[0027] 8 - ash door;

[0028] 9 - ash chamber;

[0029] 10 - grate;

[0030] 11 - grate door;

[0031] 12 - insert;

[0032] 13 - water jacket;

[0033] The solid fuel stove includes a housing 1. Housing 1 is made of metal, typically heat-resistant steel or cast iron, for durability and good heat transfer. Housing 1 is typically rectangular, but can have rounded corners or be round (like a cylindrical tank).

[0034] Furnace body 1 includes a water jacket 13, formed along the outer perimeter of body 1 with inlet and outlet pipes for the intake and discharge of heated coolant (water, antifreeze, etc.). The area covered by water jacket 13 of body 1 is not strictly limited and can vary depending on the design features of body 1; for example, it may not extend onto the front and bottom of body 1. The inlet and outlet pipes typically have connecting elements for connection to the coolant circulation circuit (usually the heating circuit).

[0035] The body 1 of the solid fuel stove contains a combustion chamber 2 with a door 3 for loading fuel and at least one secondary combustion chamber 4 separated from the combustion chamber 2 by a partition 5. Fuel is loaded through the door 3: firewood, coal, briquettes, etc. The secondary combustion chamber 4, separated from the combustion chamber 2 by means of a partition 5, can be either one (one partition 5 is made), or several with a corresponding number of partitions 5, where in the presence of several secondary combustion chambers 4, the partitions are made alternately on the front and rear walls of the body 1 to ensure the passage of flue gases in a snake for greater heat transfer to the body 1 of the solid fuel stove and to the coolant of the water jacket 13. The partition (s) 5 are also made of heat-resistant metal due to the fact that high temperatures are created in the area of ​​​​the secondary combustion chamber (chambers) 4.

[0036] In the area of ​​the secondary combustion chamber 4, a flue pipe 6 is installed on the side or top (as shown in the figure) for connecting it to the flue pipe / flue gas exhaust shaft. The design features of the connection of the flue pipe 6 to the flue pipe will not be described in this application, as they are not within the scope of protection.

[0037] The body 1 of the solid fuel furnace comprises a blower chamber 7 with a ash ash door 8, which can be adjusted to open / close. The ash ash door 8 can be used to regulate the air supply to the blower chamber 7 through the lower part (bottom) of the body 1 by adjusting the opening / closing of the ash ash door 8. Air enters the blower chamber 7 and then through the gaps between the grates 10 into the firebox 2, ensuring fuel combustion.

[0038] The body 1 of the solid fuel stove, beneath the blower chamber 7, contains an ash chamber 9 configured to receive ash for removal. It is desirable for the ash chamber 9 to have a damper at the bottom that can be opened / closed to ensure rapid cleaning of the ash chamber 9 from ash. In such a design, it is desirable for the ash chamber 9 to have a downward cone or prism-shaped narrowing to facilitate a simpler and faster process of collecting / cleaning / removing ash.

[0039] In the lower part of the combustion chamber 2, above the blowing chamber 7, there are grates 10 with a grate door 11. The grates 10 are made in an L-shape in the form of through pipes arranged horizontally at a distance from each other, forming a platform for laying solid fuel with voids between the through pipes for the passage of air from the blowing chamber 7 through them and the pouring of ash through the voids into the ash chamber 9. The grates 10 extend from the front of the grate door 11 area to the rear wall of the combustion chamber 2, where they transition into vertical pipes. The grates 10 in the form of vertically oriented through pipes extend at least to the middle of the height of the combustion chamber 2.The grates 10 can extend upward to a place close to the beginning of the secondary combustion chamber 4, where the supply of heated air with the presence of oxygen will ensure increased combustion in the combustion chamber 2 and the formation of the afterburning process (secondary combustion) of the flue gases in the area of ​​the secondary combustion chamber 4 in order to achieve an increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of fuel combustion in the furnace, for heating the coolant of the water jacket 13 due to the additional supply of air into the combustion chamber 2 and into the secondary combustion chamber 4.

[0040] It is preferable that the grate door 11 be configured with the possibility of adjusting the opening / closing to ensure an increase or decrease in the air supply through the grates 10, and, accordingly, to adjust the degree of the combustion process in the combustion chamber 2 and the secondary combustion of the flue gases.

[0041] It is desirable that the solid fuel stove includes an insert 12 made of fireclay, which is fixed on the rear wall of the combustion chamber 2 above the vertically oriented through pipes of the grate 10.

[0042] Fireclay is a refractory ceramic material composed of clay and kaolin, fired to the point of losing plasticity, removing chemically bound water, and achieving a certain degree of sintering. Fireclay is used to produce refractories fired to agglomerate the powders mixed with the clay and stabilize the material's properties, which is important given the high temperatures in the upper part of the combustion chamber 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 4 (800-1200°C).

[0043] The insert 12 made of fireclay includes a base adapted to be fixed to the rear wall of the firebox 2. The fixation of the base of the insert 12 to the rear wall of the firebox 2 can be either permanent, for example, with high-temperature glue, or detachable, for example, by means of projections on the base of the insert 12 and mating elements on the rear wall of the firebox 2.

[0044] The insert 12 includes a rounded portion configured to direct the air flow from the vertically oriented through tubes of the grate 10 through the upper part of the combustion chamber 2 into the secondary combustion chamber(s) 4.

[0045] Insert 12 includes a distribution part made in the form of teeth protruding forward towards the front part of the combustion chamber 2, dividing and distributing the air flow moving along the rounded part of insert 12. The distribution part evenly and across the entire width distributes the air flow to cover the entire area of ​​the combustion chamber 2 and the secondary combustion chamber(s) 4. Uniform distribution ensures the creation of a larger ignition and secondary combustion area to enhance the stated result.

[0046] It is necessary to explain that in the presence of insert 12, the air flow, leaving the vertically oriented through tubes of the grate 10, passes through a rounded part, which has a high temperature, where part of the air is divided and distributed into air flows along the width of the distribution part and passes into the upper part of the combustion chamber 2 and into the secondary combustion chamber(s) 4, and part of the air ensures ignition on the hot insert 12, thereby creating the formation of a flame and stabilization of the flame in the furnace (in the combustion chamber 2) and ensuring full secondary combustion, complete combustion and stabilization of the flame, thereby further increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of fuel combustion in the furnace for heating the coolant of the water jacket.

[0047] It is also necessary to clarify that secondary combustion, due to the design of the grates 10 in a solid fuel furnace, is a system of additional air supply to the upper part of the combustion chamber 2 (through the insert 12, if present) to the secondary combustion chamber 4. It complements the main system of lower air flow supply through the blowing chamber 7.

[0048] The design of grates 10, with air supplied to firebox 2 and secondary combustion chamber(s) 4, helps burn the portion of fuel (unburned gases) that would normally escape into the chimney along with flue gases. Air enters grates 10 and, passing through them, is heated. Air exits from the vertically oriented through-tubes of grate 10, entering the upper part of firebox 2. Receiving an additional portion of oxygen through the internal openings of grates 10, these gases immediately ignite in secondary combustion chamber(s) 4 and in firebox 2 (and across the entire width of insert 12, if present), releasing a large amount of energy. The solid fuel stove begins to operate much more efficiently and produces more heat, ensuring the stated technical result.A plurality of through grate tubes 10, distributed across the entire width of the combustion chamber 2, ensure a stable and continuous air supply from each tube, preventing clogging by soot deposits, as is typical in the prior art. The supply of air by each of the plurality of through grate tubes 10 across the entire width of the combustion chamber 2 and the secondary combustion chamber 4 enhances combustion in the combustion chamber 2 and the combustion of flue gases in the secondary combustion chamber 4, which also improves the efficiency and effectiveness of fuel combustion in the furnace for heating the water jacket coolant.

[0049] In addition, the proposed design will indirectly reduce the emission of unburned particles, which will reduce pollution by approximately 75%.

[0050] Furthermore, the proposed design will indirectly ensure a clean chimney. The chimney will stay clean longer, free of soot, maintaining normal draft and reducing the risk of fire.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The solid fuel furnace includes a cast iron body 1 with a water jacket 13, made along the outer perimeter of the body 1 with inlet and outlet pipes,

[0053] The body 1 contains a combustion chamber 2 with a door 3 for loading fuel,

[0054] one secondary combustion chamber 4, separated from the combustion chamber 2 by a partition 5, where a chimney pipe 6 is installed in the upper region of the secondary combustion chamber 4,

[0055] a blowing chamber 7 with a blowing door 8, configured to adjust the opening / closing,

[0056] ash chamber 9, configured to receive ash,

[0057] at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2 there are grates 10 with a grate door 11,

[0058] the grates 10 are made in an L-shape in the form of through pipes located horizontally from the area of ​​the grate door 11 at a distance from each other, forming a platform for laying solid fuel and turning into vertically oriented through pipes at the rear wall of the combustion chamber 2,

[0059] Grate bars 10 extend to the middle of the height of the combustion chamber 2.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The solid fuel furnace includes a steel body 1 with a water jacket 13, made along the outer perimeter of the body 1 with inlet and outlet pipes,

[0062] steel body 1 contains a combustion chamber 2 with a door 3 for loading fuel,

[0063] two secondary combustion chambers 4, separated from the combustion chamber 2 by partitions 5, where in the upper region of the upper secondary combustion chamber 4 a chimney pipe 6 is installed,

[0064] a blowing chamber 7 with a blowing door 8, configured to adjust the opening / closing,

[0065] ash chamber 9 with a damper designed with the possibility of opening / closing,

[0066] at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2 there are grates 10 with a grate door 11, where the grate door 11 is designed with the possibility of adjusting the opening / closing,

[0067] the grates 10 are made in an L-shape in the form of through pipes located horizontally from the area of ​​the grate door 11 at a distance from each other, forming a platform for laying solid fuel and turning into vertically oriented through pipes at the rear wall of the combustion chamber 2,

[0068] grate bars 10 extend up to 5 / 6 of the height of the combustion chamber 2,

[0069] insert 12 made of fireclay is fixed on the rear wall of the combustion chamber 2 above the vertically oriented through pipes of the grate 10,

[0070] insert 12 includes a base, a rounded part and a distribution part made in the form of teeth protruding forward towards the front of the combustion chamber.

[0071] The proposed solution ensures the achievement of the stated technical result.

Claims

1. A solid fuel stove with a water jacket, characterized in that it includes a housing with a water jacket made along the outer perimeter of the housing with an inlet and outlet pipes, where the housing contains a firebox with a door for loading fuel, at least one secondary combustion chamber separated from the firebox chamber by a partition, where in the area of ​​the secondary combustion chamber a chimney pipe is installed, a blower chamber with a blower door made with the possibility of adjusting the opening / closing, an ash chamber made with the possibility of receiving ash, and in the lower part of the firebox there are grates with a grate door, where the grates are made in an L-shape in the form of through pipes horizontally located at a distance from each other, forming a platform for laying solid fuel and located from the area of ​​the grate door and turning into vertically oriented through pipes at the rear wall of the firebox, passing, at least,up to the middle of the height of the combustion chamber, 2. A furnace according to paragraph 1, characterized in that an insert made of fireclay is installed on the rear wall of the combustion chamber above the vertically oriented through grate pipes.

3. The furnace according to item 1, characterized in that the grate door is designed with the possibility of adjusting the opening / closing to ensure an increase or decrease in the air supply to the grates.

4. The furnace according to item 1, characterized in that the ash chamber contains a damper at the bottom, designed with the possibility of opening / closing to ensure cleaning of the ash chamber from ash.

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