Method of mounting shaft with conical surface on centers of lathe

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for the automatic installation of shafts on process equipment. The method involves installing a mechanized chuck with rotary clamping elements and a front stop centre on the machine spindle. The rear stop centre is installed in the tailstock quill of the machine. The clamping elements can perform variable independent reciprocating movements along the axis of the centres. A shaft with a conical surface is placed on the thrust centres, with the top of said surface facing the front centre. Then the clamping elements are driven in the direction of the rear stop centre. The clamping elements are first pressed against the end of the shaft with one of their working surfaces, and then, due to the continued movement and rotation on the axes of the chuck, they are brought to the point where they are pressed against the conical surface of the shaft with other working surfaces. After pressing one of the clamping elements against the conical surface, its movement is suspended and resumed after pressing against the conical surface of the other clamping element. Then the shaft is secured simultaneously with two clamping elements for the conical surface and for its end.EFFECT: expansion of the technological capabilities of the method and an increase in the reliability of the unit.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to methods for automatically installing workpieces on process equipment.

[0002] A known method for mounting a workpiece on the centers of a lathe involves installing a powered chuck with a front stop center and variably moving jaws on the machine spindle, installing a rear stop center in the tailstock quill, placing the workpiece on the stop centers, and clamping the workpiece by its outer surface. After positioning the workpiece, the jaws first press against the workpiece, and after the clamping action is complete, all jaws simultaneously clamp it (RU 2714361. BI No. 5, 2020).

[0003] However, the above method cannot be used to install a shaft with a conical surface, since the jaws of the chuck used cannot clamp the shaft to the said surface.

[0004] Prototype - a method for mounting a shaft with a conical surface on the centers of a lathe, including installing a powered chuck with variable jaw movement and a front stop center on the machine spindle, installing a rear stop center in the tailstock quill, positioning the shaft on the stop centers, moving the jaws toward the shaft, pausing the movement of the jaw that has performed the clamping action, resuming the paused motion after the other jaw has pressed against the shaft, and securing it simultaneously with both jaws. This method utilizes a chuck with jaws with inclined working surfaces and movable along the axis of the centers. In addition, when placing the shaft, install it with the top of the conical surface in the direction of the front thrust center, move the cams toward the shaft in the direction of the rear center, achieving adhesion of the inclined working surfaces of the cams to the conical surface, and secure the shaft by the conical surface (RU 2841353. BI No. 16.2025).

[0005] However, shafts with different cone angles of the conical surface cannot be installed in this way.

[0006] The problem is to develop a method for installing shafts containing a conical surface with different cone angles.

[0007] The technical result is the expansion of the technological capabilities of the method by securing the shaft with rotary clamping elements to a conical surface with a different cone angle, as well as increasing the reliability of the installation by additionally securing the shaft to its end.

[0008] The solution to the problem and the technical result are achieved in that the method for installing a shaft with a conical surface on the centers of a lathe includes installing a mechanized chuck with a variable nature of the movement of its clamping elements and with a front stop center on the spindle of the machine, installing the rear stop center in the quill of the tailstock of the machine, placing the shaft on the stop centers, moving the clamping elements to the shaft, pausing the movement of the clamping element that has performed the pressing, resuming the paused movement after pressing another clamping element to the shaft and fixing it to the conical surface simultaneously with two clamping elements, in addition, when placing the shaft, install it with the top of the conical surface in the direction of the front stop center, and move the clamping elements along the line of centers in the direction of the rear center, achieving adjacency of the working surfaces of the clamping elements to the conical surface.According to the invention, a chuck with rotating clamping elements is used; in addition, the clamping elements are pressed first against the end of the shaft, and then, due to the combined rotations and movements of each of them, against the conical surface, and when securing the shaft, it is additionally secured to the said end.

[0009] Using a powered chuck with rotating clamping elements designed to interact with the shaft end allows the clamping elements to rotate after being pressed against the shaft end, thereby fitting against the conical surface and securing the shaft regardless of its cone angle. This expands the technological capabilities of the method. Furthermore, pressing the clamping elements against the shaft end provides additional clamping, improving the reliability of installing a shaft with a conical surface.

[0010] This method also allows the shaft to be secured to inclined planes with different angles. Thus, the method solves the problem and achieves the stated technical result.

[0011] The drawing shows the diagram of the method, front view.

[0012] The method is as follows.

[0013] Mount the power chuck 1 with the rotary clamping elements 2 and 3 and the front stop center 4 on the spindle 5 of the headstock 6 of the machine. Install the rear stop center 7 in the quill 8 of the tailstock 9 of the machine. In this case, clamping elements 2 and 3 are made with working surfaces 10 and 11, 12 and 13, respectively, and can perform alternating independent reciprocating movements along the axis 0-0 of centers 4 and 7. Shaft 14 with outer conical surface 15 is placed on front 4 and rear 7 thrust centers, positioning it with the top of the said surface to the front thrust center 4. Then, alternating movements are imparted to clamping elements 2 and 3 along the axis of centers 0-0 in the direction to the rear thrust center 7 from the alternating movement mechanism (not shown in the drawing) of the mechanized chuck 1. In this case, clamping elements 2 and 3 are pressed with working surfaces 10 and 12 to the end 16 of shaft 14.During the continued movement, the mentioned elements rotate and are pressed against the conical surface 15 by the working surfaces 11 and 13. After pressing one of the clamping elements, for example, element 2, its movement is suspended, and the suspended movement is resumed after pressing against the conical surface 15 of the other clamping element 3. Then the shaft 14 is secured simultaneously by both elements 2 and 3 for the conical surface 15 and for its end 16.

[0014] This ensures that the shaft is secured to a conical surface with varying cone angles and to its end face when positioned on the machine's centers. This expands the technological capabilities of the method and improves the reliability of the installation.

[0015] The method can be used in mechanical engineering enterprises when installing blanks in the form of shafts containing conical surfaces or inclined planes on technological equipment, which, when secured, ensure the transmission of torque during subsequent mechanical processing.

Claims

A method for mounting a shaft with a conical surface on the centers of a lathe, which includes mounting a mechanized chuck with a variable nature of movement of its clamping elements and with a front stop center on the spindle of the machine, mounting a rear stop center in the quill of the tailstock of the machine, placing the shaft on the stop centers, moving the clamping elements toward the shaft, pausing the movement of the clamping element that has performed the pressing, resuming the paused movement after pressing another clamping element to the shaft and securing it to the conical surface simultaneously with two clamping elements, in addition, when placing the shaft, it is installed with the top of the conical surface in the direction of the front stop center, and the clamping elements are moved along the line of centers in the direction of the rear center, achieving adjacency of the working surfaces of the clamping elements to the conical surface, characterized in that a chuck with rotary clamping elements is used, in addition,the clamping elements are pressed first against the end of the shaft, and then, due to the combined rotations and movements of each of them, against the conical surface, and when securing the shaft, it is additionally secured by the said end.

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