First aid for thermal burns

Abstract

FIELD: combustiology and resuscitation.SUBSTANCE: used to provide first aid for thermal burns. The burn wound is cooled by local application of lidocaine solution. In this case, a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution is used at a temperature of 0–26 °C in a syringe tube connected to a sprayer. An aerosol stream is continuously sprayed onto the burn wound.EFFECT: method allows for immediate relief of localized pain in the area of a thermal burn, preventing pain shock and maintaining the combat readiness of a service member through a synergistic combination of contactless fine-dispersed debridement of the wound surface and prolonged physical cooling of the substrate, which, in combination with local conductive blockade of receptors, relieve pain and interrupt the destruction of the deep layers of the dermis.1 cl, 2 ex

Description

[0001] The invention relates to medicine, specifically to methods of providing first aid for thermal burns, pharmacology, anesthesiology and resuscitation, and can be used by military personnel at the stage of self- and mutual aid to prevent pain shock in military field conditions in case of thermal burns, in particular when the enemy uses incendiary weapons and napalm.

[0002] A common unresolved problem in providing first aid for thermal burns remains the high intensity of the local inflammation process in the damaged area of ​​the body, a burning sensation of pain in it and an immediate decrease in the combat effectiveness of the serviceman.

[0003] A method of providing first aid for burns is known, which includes cooling the burn wound under running cold water for 15-20 minutes, using a local anti-burn agent, “irrigating” the burn wound with a local anesthetic (novocaine, lidocaine solution), and covering the burn wound with a sterile bandage [1].

[0004] The disadvantage of this method is its limited scope, low speed, accuracy, effectiveness, and safety. Cooling a burn wound under running cold water for 15-20 minutes renders soldiers incapacitated for at least 15-20 minutes. Furthermore, when the enemy uses incendiary weapons, soldiers in the field are not provided with a continuous supply of cold water during combat operations. Furthermore, the use of a known topical burn treatment does not eliminate the possibility of increased local irritation and pain in the soldier. Conversely, irrigating a burn wound with a local anesthetic (novocaine or lidocaine solution) 15-20 minutes after cooling the burn wound under running cold water and applying a topical burn treatment prevents immediate pain relief before leaving the affected area.In this regard, the known method does not eliminate the feeling of pain in the first seconds, does not prevent pain shock in a soldier in the first minutes after receiving a burn injury in military field conditions, and does not preserve his combat readiness in the first tens of minutes after receiving a thermal burn.

[0005] A method of providing first aid for thermal burns is known, which includes removing the victim from the source, extinguishing smoldering clothing on his body, removing the remains of clothing by cutting off fragments stuck to the burnt surface, applying a PLI bandage or an anti-burn bandage made from a textile fabric with a hydrogel applied to it containing an anesthetic and antiseptic [2].

[0006] The disadvantages of this method include its limited scope of application, low speed, accuracy, effectiveness, and safety. It is not designed to preserve the combat readiness of a soldier by immediately eliminating localized pain in the area of ​​a thermal burn sustained in the field due to the use of incendiary weapons by the enemy. Furthermore, the method requires removing the victim from the burn site, thus precluding pain relief within the first 6 seconds and maintaining the soldier's combat readiness for the first tens of minutes after sustaining a thermal burn.

[0007] Furthermore, the use of this method does not eliminate local irritation and increased pain in the area of ​​the thermal wound in a service member during evacuation, during extinguishing smoldering clothing on the body, and during the removal of remaining clothing by cutting off fragments adhered to the burned surface due to the lack of preliminary local anesthesia of the affected tissue. Therefore, this method does not eliminate increased pain, does not prevent pain shock in the service member in the first minutes after sustaining a burn injury, does not preserve their combat readiness in the first tens of minutes after receiving a thermal burn, and does not eliminate mechanical tissue damage and acute bleeding in the area of ​​the thermal wound.

[0008] A method of providing first aid for wounds and burns is known, which consists of cleaning the wound, empirically treating the wound with liquid vitamin B2 from an ampoule, applying a bandage to the wound with a powder mixture of laundry soap and vitamin B2, with 100 g of powder mixture containing from 0.005 to 0.2 mg of vitamin B2 powder [3].

[0009] The disadvantages of this method include its limited scope, low speed, accuracy, effectiveness, and safety, as it is not intended for immediate relief of localized pain in the area of ​​a thermal wound in a soldier in the field. This method does not prevent pain shock in a soldier in the first minutes after sustaining a burn injury and does not preserve his combat readiness in the first tens of minutes after sustaining a thermal burn.

[0010] The objective of the invention is to expand the scope of application, increase speed, accuracy, efficiency and safety by urgently eliminating the feeling of local pain in the area of ​​a thermal burn, preventing pain shock and maintaining the combat readiness of a serviceman.

[0011] The stated objective is achieved by local application of a cold aerosol solution of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride, which provides superficial anesthesia by penetrating through inflamed skin and mucous membranes, as well as wound surfaces, resulting in a reduction in symptoms of local inflammation, such as hyperemia, hyperthermia, pain, swelling and dysfunction.

[0012] The technical result is the immediate elimination of the feeling of local pain in the area of ​​a thermal burn, the prevention of pain shock, the restoration of the impaired function of the affected part of the body, the restoration of the coordination of actions and the combat effectiveness of the soldier while eliminating local irritant effects, burning, pain, mechanical damage and bleeding in the area of ​​the thermal wound.

[0013] A method for providing first aid for thermal burns, including stopping the burn effect on the victim's body, cooling the burn wound and local application of a lidocaine solution, consists of using a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution at a temperature of 0 - +26°C in a syringe tube connected to a sprayer, the aerosol flow of which is immediately and continuously directed to the selected part of the surface until it is completely moistened.

[0014] The claimed invention utilizes a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution in a syringe-tube connected to a sprayer at temperatures of 0 to +26°C, expanding its scope of application and increasing the speed, effectiveness, safety, and accuracy of first aid for thermal burns to military personnel in the field through self- or mutual aid. This first aid immediately prevents localized pain and pain shock, and maintains the soldier's combat readiness through localized surface anesthesia, achieved by immediate localized cooling of the selected body surface with a stream of cold aerosol and supplemented by a local anesthetic solution that penetrates well through inflamed skin, wounds, and mucous membranes. The aerosol generated by the sprayer cools the selected surface, extinguishing burning clothing without local irritation, mechanical tissue damage, or bleeding.

[0015] The specified temperature range for a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution (0 to +26°C) is determined by the fact that, on the one hand, water freezes at temperatures below 0°C, causing frostbite. On the other hand, the normal comfortable (room) temperature for domestic and military premises is limited to +24 to +26°C. In general, a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution at a temperature of 0 to +26°C will be lower than normal human body temperature (+37°C), so when applied locally, it will lower the local temperature, i.e., it will cool. Moreover, the formation of an aerosol using a nebulizer from a cold solution further reduces the temperature of the aerosol stream. The temperature decrease occurs due to the process of water evaporation, which occurs with a decrease in temperature. Local cooling of human body tissue has a local anti-inflammatory and anesthetic effect.

[0016] The syringe-tube is an optimal container designed for individual storage and administration of pain-relieving medication solutions by military personnel in the field. The syringe-tube connection to the spray nozzle, instead of an injection needle, provides the soldier with reliable, effective, safe, and rapid spraying of a sterile 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution in the field. The 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution, in turn, provides effective topical anesthesia, ensuring the reliability and safety of first aid in the field.In addition, a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution has good penetrating ability through inflamed skin and mucous membranes, which provides a rapid local anesthetic effect when applied topically by irrigating surfaces with the solution and / or spraying with an aerosol of the drug, due to the fact that this solution has isotonic activity, unlike solutions of the drug with lower and higher concentrations [4-6].

[0017] Using a sterile 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution for spraying and moistening the targeted surface of the victim's body ensures effectiveness and safety. This drug, at the specified concentration, has long been used in medical practice, is readily available to the public, and has an osmotic activity of approximately 300 mOsm / L of water, ensuring isotonic activity and local safety. This local anesthetic solution has low toxicity and allergenicity. Furthermore, the drug has a moderate duration of local anesthetic action when applied locally using an aerosol.

[0018] Using a syringe-tube connected to a sprayer to form an aerosol and moisten the selected surface of the victim's body ensures high speed, accuracy and efficiency, since the use of a syringe-tube does not require special knowledge, eliminates mechanical damage to tissues, ensures their cooling due to the evaporation of water and ensures the implementation of surface anesthesia using a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution.

[0019] Immediate continuous spraying of a selected part of the body surface with an aerosol due to the fact that the aerosol flow is directed to the selected part of the surface until it is completely wetted, which expands the scope of first aid, increasing its speed, efficiency and accuracy.

[0020] The method is as follows. In the field, immediately after receiving a thermal burn, a soldier removes a syringe containing a cold 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution from the army first aid kit. The syringe is connected to a spray nozzle and the spray is then immediately and continuously directed at the selected surface area until it is completely wet.

[0021] The possibility of using the proposed invention to obtain the claimed positive effect is shown in the following examples.

[0022] Example. A 57-year-old man, S., sustained a thermal burn to the palm of his right hand from an electric stove burner. The burn caused sharp pain in his right hand; he was unable to bend his fingers due to the pain, preventing him from using the telephone to call an ambulance. Under these circumstances, to provide first aid, the victim removed a syringe from the door of a Mir household refrigerator. The syringe contained 20 ml of a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution at a temperature of +8°C. The syringe was connected to a spray nozzle, which immediately and continuously directed the aerosol stream onto the palm and the palmar surfaces of all fingers until they were completely moistened. To achieve this, the man used 1.5 ml of the solution. After 5-7 seconds, the pain was reduced by half, and after 20 seconds, the victim could move his fingers, which allowed him to open the door, go out onto the landing, and call neighbors for help.

[0023] Second example. A 45-year-old man, V., sustained a thermal burn to his left foot from burning coal in the field. This burn caused severe pain in his foot and toes, rendering him unable to walk. To provide first aid, the victim's companion retrieved a multi-component syringe from the DEXP-FR-16 vehicle refrigerator. The syringe contained 2 ml of a sterile 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution, which was injected from a standard ampoule through an injection needle. The needle was then replaced with an Intranasal Mucosal Atomization Device (MAD Nasal™). The solution was maintained at a temperature of 11°C, and its aerosol flow was immediately and continuously directed at the surface of the foot and all toes until they were completely moistened, which required 2 ml of the solution. After 7-10 seconds, the pain was reduced by half, and after 30 seconds, the victim was able to walk to the car, get in, and control the pedals, which allowed him to drive to the medical facility on his own.

[0024] Thus, the use of the proposed invention ensures immediate elimination of the feeling of pain in the area of ​​a thermal burn, prevention of pain shock, restoration of the impaired function of the affected part of the body, restoration of the coordination of actions and combat effectiveness of a serviceman while eliminating local irritant action, burning, pain, mechanical damage and bleeding in the area of ​​a thermal wound.

[0025] Literature

[0026] 1. Standard for providing first aid to military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation when performing tasks in wartime conditions, conducting military (combat) operations, performing combat (combat training), service-combat (operational-service) tasks in the field of defense. Methodological recommendations. Moscow, 2022.

[0027] 2. Combat thermal injuries. (https: / / topwar.ru / 204017-boevye-termicheskie-porazhenija.html?ysclid=mdtrwqfwzt916556502. Found on the Internet 08 / 02 / 2025).

[0028] 3. Menzul V.A. Method of providing first aid and treatment for wounds and burns and a dressing for its implementation. RU 2666221, 06.09.2018.

[0029] 4. Urakov A.L., Urakova T.V., Urakova N.A., Akhmetova A.I., Gots G.R. A remedy for emergency voice restoration in case of sudden aphonia. RU 2625766, 18.07.2017.

[0030] 5. Urakov A.L., Urakova N.A., Kozlova T.S. Local toxicity of drugs as an indicator of their probable aggressiveness when applied locally. Bulletin of the Ural Medical Academic Science. 2011. No. 1 (33). P. 105-108.

[0031] 6. Urakov A.L., Urakova N.A., Shubina Z.V., Lovtsova L.V., Samorodov A.V., Gurevich K.G., Stolyarenko A.P., Korunas V.I., Lipatov D.O., Muminov D.D. Hypertonic activity of injection solutions can cause post-injection complications. Development and registration of drugs. 2023; 12(2): 164-173. https: / / doi.org / 10.33380 / 2305-2066-2023-12-2-164-173.

Claims

A method of providing first aid for thermal burns, including stopping the burn effect on the victim's body, cooling the burn wound, and local application of a lidocaine solution, characterized in that a 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution is used at a temperature of 0-26°C in a syringe tube connected to a sprayer, and the aerosol stream is continuously sprayed onto the burn wound.