Treatment for laminitis in horses and ponies

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine; palliative therapy.SUBSTANCE: used to treat laminitis in horses and ponies. Diet therapy, orthopedic treatment, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used. Additionally, metformin is administered orally 1000 mg twice a day per 100 kg of body weight or glibenclamide 10 mg twice a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5–6 months; teraflex is administered orally 2 capsules twice a day per 100 kg of body weight for 6 months; diacerein velpharm is administered orally 50 mg twice a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5 months, and the antioxidant mexidol is administered 250 mg once a day per 100 kg of body weight for 3 to 5 months.EFFECT: increasing the reliability of treating laminitis in horses and ponies, reducing the treatment period for animals by one month and accelerating the elimination of clinical signs of lameness by 0.63 – 1 month.1 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

[0001] The invention relates to veterinary medicine, namely to palliative therapy, and can be used to treat diseases of the distal limbs of horses and ponies.

[0002] Modern researchers have written extensively about the widespread and serious incidence of laminitis in horses and ponies. Mortality from this disease can exceed 40%. The consequences of laminitis in horses and ponies are also very severe. For example, full recovery from laminitis may only be observed in one in 6-7 horses [1-3]. Therefore, the search for more effective treatments for laminitis in horses and ponies will always be relevant.

[0003] There is a known approach to the treatment of acute laminitis in horses [4], according to which intravenous injections of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Phenylbutazone 20%, intramuscular injections of the aminoglycoside antibiotic Gentamicin 4% are used, a vasodilator in the form of Pentoxifylline 2% tablets and a feed additive to accelerate the growth of hoof horn Nutri Horse N are administered orally, and Levomekol-vet is used externally as a local treatment.

[0004] There is a known approach to the treatment of acute laminitis in Trakehner horses [5], according to which intravenous injections of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) Phenylbutazone 20%, intramuscular injections of Ketoprofen 10%, oral administration of the vasodilator Pentoxifylline 2% and the antihistamine Diphenhydramine are also used, and Heparin ointment is applied externally as a local treatment.

[0005] The disadvantages of these analogues include the inability to treat chronic carbohydrate-associated (metabolic-endocrine) laminitis with high therapeutic efficacy, since the treatment regimen is aimed at relieving acute inflammatory processes.

[0006] A comprehensive approach to the treatment of chronic laminitis in ponies is known, which involves a comprehensive diagnosis and complex treatment using diet therapy, orthopedic treatment and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [6]. As a dietary therapy, this approach to the treatment of metabolic-endocrine laminitis in ponies involves the exclusion of concentrated compound feeds from the diet and their replacement with grass meal and flaxseed cake. As an orthopedic treatment, orthopedic trimming and shoeing of hooves is provided to align the spatial position of the affected hoof. As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), the use of the drug that is available to the veterinarian (Phenylbutazone, Ketoprofen, Ketoject or others) is allowed [6].

[0007] The main disadvantage of this comprehensive approach is that it is designed for the treatment of ponies, not large horses, and therefore does not take into account the difference in body weight of these different species when prescribing drugs; it does not provide for the use of drugs to lower glucose levels (as a leading link in the development of carbohydrate-associated laminitis) in the blood of horses and ponies; it does not provide for the use of drugs to enhance the effect of the main non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; it does not provide for the use of drugs to accelerate the restoration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn in horses and ponies; it does not provide for the use of antioxidants to accelerate the regeneration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn in horses and ponies.

[0008] From the analysis of the existing level of technology, it was revealed that the technical problem in this area is the lack of methods for treating carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses.

[0009] The technical result of the present invention is the development of a method for treating carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses based on the oral administration of Metformin at 1000 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight or Glibenclamide at 10 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5-6 months, to accelerate the restoration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn orally Teraflex at 2 capsules 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 6 months, to enhance the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs orally Diacerein Velpharm at 50 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5 months, the antioxidant Mexidol at 250 mg 1 time per day per 100 kg of body weight from 3 to 5 months.

[0010] To solve the specified problem and achieve the stated technical result in the method for treating laminitis in horses and ponies, the technical result is achieved by the fact that for the treatment of carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses and ponies, Metformin is used orally at 1000 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight or Glibenclamide at 10 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5-6 months to stabilize blood glucose levels, Teraflex orally at 2 capsules 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 6 months to accelerate the restoration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn, Diacerein Velpharm orally at 50 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5 months to enhance the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Mexidol antioxidant at 250 mg 1 time per day per 100 kg of body weight from 3 up to 5 months.

[0011] Using the proposed method allows for a month-long acceleration of the complete recovery of horses and ponies from laminitis, and a month-long acceleration of the elimination of clinical signs of lameness in sick animals.

[0012] This method is based on the use of Metformin or Glibenclamide orally to stabilize blood glucose levels, Teraflex orally to accelerate the restoration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn, Diacerein Velpharm orally to enhance the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the antioxidant Mexidol.

[0013] The method for treating laminitis in horses and ponies is as follows.

[0014] A group of horses and ponies with a confirmed diagnosis of carbohydrate-associated laminitis is selected. Against the background of diet therapy, orthopedic treatment and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for the treatment of carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses and ponies, Metformin is used orally in a dose of 1000 mg twice a day per 100 kg of body weight or Glibenclamide in a dose of 10 mg twice a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5-6 months to stabilize blood glucose levels; Teraflex is used orally in a dose of 2 capsules twice a day per 100 kg of body weight for 6 months to accelerate the restoration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn; Diacerein Velpharm is used orally in a dose of 50 mg twice a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5 months to enhance the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; and Mexidol is used as an antioxidant in a dose of 250 mg once a day per 100 kg of body weight for 3 to 5 months.

[0015] Example 1.

[0016] Sixteen horses and ponies with a confirmed diagnosis of carbohydrate-associated laminitis were selected and divided into three groups based on treatment regimen. The third group served as a control group. The first group included five animals, the second group included six animals, and the third (control) group included five animals.

[0017] The treatment regimen for all three groups included dietary therapy, including balancing the diet's carbohydrate and sugar-to-protein ratios, and eliminating compound feed for at least 6 months. Orthopedic treatment, including trimming and filing the hooves based on the degree of horn deformity and the position of the toe bones on radiographs, was also common to all three groups, with the goal of minimizing the clinical manifestations of lameness. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug Ketoject was administered intravenously at a dose of 2.2 mg ketoprofen per 1 kg of body weight or 1 ml of the drug per 45 kg of body weight once daily for 5-day courses with 7-day breaks between courses until clinical signs of lameness disappeared.

[0018] The differences in the treatment regimen for different groups of animals are as follows:

[0019] The 1st group of sick horses and ponies received Glibenclamide orally as a hypoglycemic agent, 10 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5-6 months; to accelerate the restoration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn, Teraflex was given orally, 2 capsules 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 6 months; to enhance the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Diacerein Velpharm was given orally, 50 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5 months; the antioxidant Mexidol was given orally, 250 mg 1 time per day per 100 kg of body weight for 3 to 5 months;

[0020] The 2nd group of sick horses and ponies received Metformin orally as a hypoglycemic agent, 1000 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5-6 months; to accelerate the restoration of cartilage tissue and hoof horn, Teraflex was given orally, 2 capsules 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 6 months; to enhance the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Diacerein Velpharm was given orally, 50 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5 months; and the antioxidant Mexidol was given orally, 250 mg 1 time per day per 100 kg of body weight for 3 to 5 months;

[0021] The 3rd group (control) of sick horses and ponies received the drug Tolbutamide orally as a hypoglycemic agent at 1-1.5 g 1 time per day per 100 kg of body weight for 5-6 months.

[0022] The effectiveness of treatment of carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses and ponies is presented in the table.

[0023] The table data shows that the greatest clinical effect in the treatment of carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses was achieved with the use of the 1st and 2nd treatment regimens, with which recovery occurred a month earlier than with the third treatment regimen, due to the use of the chondroprotector Teraflex, the drug Diacerein Velpharm, the antioxidant Mexidol, and the hypoglycemic agents Glibenclamide or Metformin. With the use of the third treatment regimen, complete recovery of horses and ponies from carbohydrate-associated laminitis occurred by the sixth month of treatment, which is one month later (p < 0.01) than with the first treatment regimen and 1.03 months later (p < 0.01) with the use of the second treatment regimen. Lameness completely disappeared closer to the fifth month of therapy when using the third treatment regimen (control regimen), which is 0.63 months later (p< 0.01) than the second treatment regimen and a month later (p< 0.01) than the first treatment regimen.

[0024] Blood glucose levels at the beginning of treatment were approximately at a comparable level of over 8.5 units. First of all, to reduce glucose levels, concentrated feed (compound feed) was excluded from the horses' and ponies' diets and hypoglycemic drugs were added to lower blood glucose levels. The selected hypoglycemic drugs, glibenclamide and metformin, demonstrated high clinical efficacy and allowed for a fairly rapid normalization of blood glucose levels. The first treatment regimen, which included glibenclamide, reduced blood glucose levels in horses by 2.1 times (p < 0.001) within a month of therapy and maintained this level at the end of therapy. The second treatment regimen (using metformin) also effectively reduced blood glucose levels by 1.9 times (p < 0.001) within a month of therapy and maintained this level at the end of therapy.In the third group of animals, blood glucose levels decreased by 1.9 times (p < 0.001) over the course of a month of treatment using tolbutamide. Considering that metformin is 20-25% cheaper, its use is more cost-effective.

[0025] The proposed method allows to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses and ponies, ensuring a reduction in the treatment period of animals by one month (p< 0.01) and an acceleration of the elimination of clinical signs of lameness by 0.63-1 month (p< 0.01).

[0026] Effectiveness of treatment of carbohydrate-associated laminitis in horses and ponies (M±m; n = 16)

[0027] Table.

[0028] Indicator Group (treatment regimen) 1 (5 goals) 2 (6 goals) 3 (5 goals), control The month in which recovery occurred 5,2±0,2 ** 5,17±0,17 ** 6,2±0,2 The month in which the lameness disappeared 3,8±0,2 ** 4,17±0,17 ** 4,8±0,2 Glucose, mmol / l (at the beginning of treatment) 8,5±0,52 8,53±0,41 8,7±0,54 Glucose, mmol / l (after a month of treatment) 4,14±0,29 4,47±0,27 4,55±0,35 Glucose, mmol / l (at the end of treatment) 4,24±0,28 4,13±0,32 4,16±0,31 The differences are statistically significant compared to the control: * - p < 0.05, ** - p < 0.01, *** - p < 0.001.

[0029] Sources of information

[0030] 1. Wylie CE, Collins SN, Verheyen KLP, Richard Newton J. Frequency of Equine Laminitis: A Systematic Review with Quality Appraisal of Published Evidence / / The Veterinary Journal. - 2011. - V. 189. - I. 3. - P. 248-256. DOI: 10.1016 / j.tvjl.2011.04.014.

[0031] 2. Orsini JA, Wrigley J., Riley P. Home Care for Horses with Chronic Laminitis / / The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice. - 2010. - V. 26. - I. 1. - P. 215-223. DOI: 10.1016 / j.cveq.2009.12.012

[0032] 3. Karklin A.I., Balashova O.V., Korobchuk M.V. Practical experience of supportive therapy for chronic laminitis using the example of Welsh ponies / / Issues of legal regulation in veterinary medicine. - 2019. - No. 4. - P. 90-94. EDN: HYUHGU

[0033] 4. Lysykh A.A. Treatment and prevention of laminitis in horses / A. A. Lysykh / / Youth science - for the development of the agro-industrial complex: Proceedings of the All-Russian (national) scientific and practical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists, Kursk, December 3-4, 2020. Volume Part 2. - Kursk: Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I.I. Ivanov, 2020. - P. 340-344. - EDN UQILFQ.

[0034] 5. Reshetova A. R. Evaluation of therapeutic and preventive measures for acute laminitis in Trakehner horses / A.R. Reshetova / / Science of Crimea: from the origins to the present: collection of materials of the II scientific and practical conference, Simferopol, December 19-20, 2024. - Simferopol: Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, 2024. - P. 480-483. - EDN JUHAVJ.

[0035] 6. An integrated approach to the treatment of chronic laminitis in ponies. Description of a clinical case / M.V. Korobchuk, A.I. Karklin, O.V. Romanova, A.Yu. Nechaev / / Veterinary pathology. - 2024. - Vol. 23, No. 1. - P. 21-30. - DOI 10.23947 / 2949-4826-2024-23-1-21-30. - EDN HIDSUM.

Claims

A method for treating laminitis in horses and ponies, including diet therapy, orthopedic treatment, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, characterized in that additionally administered orally are metformin 1000 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight or glibenclamide 10 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5-6 months; orally teraflex 2 capsules 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 6 months; orally diacerein velpharm 50 mg 2 times a day per 100 kg of body weight for 5 months, and the antioxidant mexidol 250 mg 1 time per day per 100 kg of body weight for 3 to 5 months.