Reinforced coating for ice crossings and method of its formation

Abstract

FIELD: reinforced ice crossings.SUBSTANCE: reinforced coating of ice crossings comprises successively placed layers of ice on the ice surface, each of which is made of fibrous material, which is andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10-22 mcm, frozen to the surface with a composition applied to them with the following content of components, wt.%: polyvinyl alcohol 0.05-0.50, sodium tetraborate 0-0.005, 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion “ПЖС-4” 0.0005-0.005, the rest is water, wherein 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion “ПЖС-4” is a 1.8% organosilicon aqueous emulsion of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane purified by low-temperature treatment in a vacuum and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol, taken in equal parts. The method for forming a reinforced covering for an ice crossing includes freezing a layer of ice onto the ice surface, whereby fibrous material is laid on the ice surface with a pitch of 5-15 cm in a direction parallel to the traffic lane on the ice crossing, which is made of andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10-22 mcm, then the laid fibrous material is frozen by applying a composition to it having the following content of components, wt.%: polyvinyl alcohol 0.05-0.50, sodium tetraborate 0-0.005, 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion “ПЖС-4” 0.0005-0.005, the rest is water, where 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion “ПЖС-4” is purified by low-temperature treatment in a vacuum 1.8% organosilicon aqueous emulsion of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol, taken in equal parts, and the application of the composition is carried out at a temperature of at least 20 °C with a volumetric flow rate of the composition of 0.5-2.0 l / m2, followed by holding the modified layer obtained in this way for 60-180 minutes for it to freeze. All operations are repeated to build up at least three such layers of ice layer by layer, and during the freezing of each layer of ice, a finely dispersed phase of white marble chips with a fraction of 0.2-0.5 mm is introduced using a spreading device with a distribution density of no more than 500 g / m2 in the layer.EFFECT: creating reinforced wear-resistant coatings for ice crossings to increase their load-bearing capacity and extend their seasonal service life.2 cl, 1 tbl

Description

[0001] This invention relates to the reinforcement of ice crossings in Arctic and northern regions. Using this invention, it is possible to create reinforced, wear-resistant, and modified ice crossing surfaces to increase their load-bearing capacity, extend their seasonal service life, and improve road safety.

[0002] This group of inventions includes the creation of a new reinforced coating for ice crossings and a method for strengthening ice crossings. According to this method, reinforcing layers of fibrous materials in the form of rovings with enhanced adhesion to the ice matrix are applied to the ice mass by freezing to enhance fiber adhesion and increase the strength of the ice matrix. This invention enables the creation of reinforced, wear-resistant reinforced and modified coatings for ice crossings to increase their load-bearing capacity, extend their seasonal service life, and improve road safety.

[0003] During the winter, ice crossings are widely used in northern regions to deliver equipment and cargo. However, as the northern and Arctic regions develop, the importance of scientific and industrial problems increases, and the intensity of road transport operations necessitates increasing the carrying capacity of ice crossings and extending their operational window, which is significantly limited by weather conditions. This increases the cost of crossing construction.

[0004] A well-known method for increasing the strength of ice crossings is to pour additional layers of ice onto the surface of a reservoir. The main known disadvantage of this method of strengthening ice formed by spraying water using existing methods and equipment is the entrapment of air bubbles in the poured ice structure. According to experimental data (Bychkovsky N.N., Guryanov Yu.A. Ice Construction Sites, Roads and Crossings. Saratov: Saratov State Technical University, 2005, 260 p.), this leads to a decrease in the density of artificial ice by 15-20% and strength by 30-45%. Furthermore, in the case of ice reinforcement, possible air inclusions in the structure of the reinforcing material prevent the formation of a fully functional composite material. As a result, under mechanical loading and deformation of the sample, the strength properties of the reinforcing material are not fully utilized.

[0005] A known method for reinforcing an ice crossing (patent RU 2132898, published July 10, 1999) utilizes reinforcing materials such as metal rebar, wood processing raw materials, and natural and polymer fibers to increase the strength and deformation capacity of water ice. A method for constructing an ice structure (patent RU 2599522, published October 10, 2016) proposes reinforcing the structure's surface by freezing a mixture of ice and sawdust layer by layer. It is known that ice coverings can be reinforced with metal reinforcing elements (patent RU 2132898 (published 10.07.1999), patent RU 2459900 (published 27.08.2012), patent RU 2482239 (published 20.05.2013)).

[0006] The disadvantage of all these methods is the rapid loss of structural integrity of ice samples under mechanical load, and the reinforcing material, which is not firmly connected to the ice base, contributes to its destruction by creating additional stress concentrators.

[0007] Environmentally friendly natural fiber materials with high specific strength, developed surface area and low cost (mineral wool, bamboo fibers, wood sawdust, etc.) are also used as reinforcing materials.

[0008] Patent application RU 2014153305 (application publication date: July 20, 2016) discloses a method for reinforcing a load-bearing surface with mineral fiber. This method involves creating a reinforced layer of ice along a designated path. For reinforcement, discrete geosynthetic fibers of arbitrary length are applied to the ice and moistened with water. This creates multiple reinforced layers of ice. Discontinuous mineral fibers can also be applied to the ice.

[0009] Insufficient strength is also accompanied by the environmental problem of subsequent collection and disposal of scattered fibers.

[0010] Chinese patent CN107990612 (A) (published 2018-05-04) discloses a composite ice material made from bamboo fibers and a method for its preparation. Strengthening the ice composite is achieved by adding bamboo fibers to the ice as a reinforcing material at a rate of 1-15%. Before freezing into the ice, the bamboo fibers are mixed and soaked with water to form a suspension and improve wettability.

[0011] The disadvantage of using reinforcing bamboo is the formation of bubbles in the coating, in addition, bamboo fiber is not widely used in the Russian Federation, and its use is not economically justified.

[0012] A known method for creating reinforced ice crossings (patent RU 2790293, published February 16, 2023) involves freezing layers under natural conditions at air temperatures below minus 5°C. When the ice on the crossing reaches a thickness of 7 cm, sufficient for safe passage, the ice is cleared of snow. After this, a rough ice base, 10-15 mm thick, is frozen layer by layer by layer by pouring layers of water at a temperature of 5°C to 10°C and a thickness of no more than 4 mm. One of the significant features of the proposed method for pouring layers of water ice is the use of a nozzle that generates a laminar liquid flow. Compared to conventional fire hoses and nozzles, the use of a laminar nozzle significantly reduces the number of air bubbles in the water during pouring, thereby increasing the density and strength of the artificially formed ice.For reinforcing artificial ice, it is proposed to use the natural material cottonin—a flax fiber that quickly decomposes in natural conditions and does not negatively impact the environment. This source has been selected as a prototype.

[0013] The disadvantages of this method include the fact that cottonine has poor adhesion to ice and air inclusions in the ice mass, it is difficult to completely impregnate it, i.e. it is impossible to strengthen it reliably enough due to the resulting inhomogeneities.

[0014] The problem to be solved and the technical result of the present invention is to increase the period of seasonal operation of ice crossings and their load-bearing capacity, reduce wear, extend the period of operation of an ice crossing by heavy-duty vehicles, improve road safety by maintaining the integrity of the ice covering even after destruction, reduce the need for additional pouring during road surface maintenance, reduce the impact of insolation during the spring period of operation, and improve the adhesion of car tires to the ice surface.

[0015] The technical result of the invention consists in significantly strengthening the ice crossing surface by creating a fully reinforced ice crossing surface from a composite ice material with a modifying composition and reinforcing fiber materials, reducing the brittleness and wear of the road surface, reducing the impact of insolation and extending the service life of the crossing.

[0016] The technical result is achieved by using fiber rovings and a modifying composition, applied in microdoses, to strengthen ice crossings and a method for reinforcing ice crossings using this composition.

[0017] The technical result is achieved by the proposed group of inventions.

[0018] Reinforced coating for an ice crossing, containing successively placed layers of ice on the ice surface, each of which is made of fibrous material, which is andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10-22 μm, frozen to the surface with a composition applied to them with the following content of components, wt.%:

[0019] polyvinyl alcohol 0,05-0,50 sodium tetraborate 0-0,005 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,0005-0,005 water rest,

[0020] wherein 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 is a 1.8% aqueous organosilicon emulsion of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol, taken in equal parts, purified by low-temperature treatment in a vacuum.

[0021] 2. The method for forming a reinforced covering for an ice crossing according to paragraph 1, which includes freezing a layer of ice onto the ice surface, in which fibrous material is laid on the ice surface at intervals of 5-15 cm in a direction parallel to the traffic lane on the ice crossing, which is made up of andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10-22 μm, then freezing the laid fibrous material by applying a composition to it having the following component content, wt.%:

[0022] polyvinyl alcohol 0,05-0,50 sodium tetraborate 0-0,005 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,0005-0,005 water rest,

[0023] where 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 is a 1.8% aqueous organosilicon emulsion of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol, taken in equal parts, purified by low-temperature treatment in a vacuum, and the application of the composition is carried out at a temperature of at least 20°C at a volumetric flow rate of the composition of 0.5-2.0 l / m 2 with subsequent holding of the thus obtained modified layer for 60-180 minutes for its freezing, all operations are repeated for layer-by-layer growth of at least three such layers of ice, and during the freezing of each layer of ice, a finely dispersed phase of white marble chips with a fraction of 0.2-0.5 mm is introduced with a distribution density of no more than 500 g / m3 using a spreading device 2 in a layer. The reinforcing composition is applied at a temperature of at least 20°C, with a volumetric flow rate of 0.5-2.0 l / m 2with subsequent holding of the obtained ice modified layer for 60-180 minutes for solidification, all operations are repeated for layer-by-layer build-up of at least three such layers and during freezing, a finely dispersed phase of white marble chips with a fraction of 0.2-0.5 mm with a distribution density of no more than 500 g / m3 is introduced into the ice modified layer using a spreading device 2 in the layer.

[0024] The creation of a reinforced coating for ice crossings includes a combination of the following operations:

[0025] • Clearing the ice surface

[0026] • Preparation of a concentrated aqueous composition of modifying compounds with a total mass content of modifying components from 1 to 5 wt.%.

[0027] • Transportation of the concentrated composition in thermally insulated heated containers (the liquid temperature is maintained at no less than 20°C) to the place where the ice crossing is being created, dilution of the composition with water in proportions of 1:10-1:20 depending on the characteristics of the ice crossing section in pouring containers.

[0028] • Application of a reinforcing layer of fibrous materials - andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10 to 22 µm - onto the ice surface with a pitch of 5 to 15 cm in a direction parallel to the traffic lane on the ice crossing, pressing and freezing the fiber rovings to the ice surface using a composition of modifying compounds, the volumetric flow rate of the composition from 0.5 to 2.0 l / m 2 .

[0029] • Ice cover maintenance for 60-180 minutes depending on the climatic conditions of the freezing work:

[0030] - at an air temperature above minus 10°C - not less than 180 min

[0031] - from minus 20 to minus 10°C - not less than 90 min

[0032] - below minus 20°C - not less than 60 min

[0033] • Layer-by-layer build-up of ice mass by pouring water between the reinforcing layers.

[0034] • Creation of at least three reinforcing layers in the ice massif of the crossing with an ice cover thickness of at least 15 mm between them.

[0035] • Introduction of a finely dispersed phase (white marble chips with a fraction of 0.2-0.5 mm) using a spreading device into the ice massif during its layer-by-layer structuring, distribution density of no more than 500 g / m3 2 in a layer depending on the characteristics of the road section, to reduce the impact of insolation during the spring period of operation, increase wear resistance and improve traction with vehicle wheels.

[0036] The present invention utilizes a vacuum-processed emulsion, PZhS-4, developed by the authors, which contains a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol in equal proportions (all values ​​are indicated in wt.%). Prior to use, the PZhS-4 component of the mixture must be pre-treated in a vacuum at a temperature below 30°C to remove low-alcohol alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes, and must be used as an aqueous emulsion with a concentration of 1.8%. Both the concentration of the emulsion and its purification by vacuum processing are defined by the authors as mandatory essential features of the claimed invention.

[0037] Preliminary treatment of PZhS-4 is carried out as follows: the mixture is placed in a vacuum chamber and the pressure in it is gradually reduced to 30 mm Hg. The pressure is maintained at this pressure in the vacuum chamber for at least 10 minutes, which allows getting rid of impurities - low-atomic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes.

[0038] Research has shown that untreated PZhS-4 does not allow the use of such low concentrations of modifying additives, as it is “contaminated” with residual impurities of low-atomic alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes.

[0039] The method is carried out, for example, as follows.

[0040] The application of the reinforced coating is carried out as follows. The rovings of the reinforcing material, wound into bobbins or spools, are placed on a moving platform with sliding supports, driven by a motorized towing vehicle. The number of bobbins or spools corresponds to the number of rovings laid simultaneously during one pass of the platform. A calibration bar, a clamping device, and a liquid supply system are also installed on the platform. The calibration bar is located perpendicular to the direction of the roving layout, is made of an antifriction material (e.g., fluoroplastic), and has holes with a diameter of up to 5 mm located at the required reinforcement pitch, into which the ends of the rovings are threaded. The end sections of the rovings are manually frozen to the ice surface with a small amount (0.5 l / m). 2) the amount of water or the composition of the modifying compounds. As the platform drive begins to move in the direction of laying the reinforced layer, the rovings are unwound from the bobbins so that they are placed on the ice surface parallel to each other with a pitch determined by the distance between the holes of the calibration bar. At the same time, the clamping device ensures that each roving adheres to the ice surface due to its weight. Behind the clamping device, water or a modifying compound composition is supplied to the roving using a liquid supply system (flow rate of 0.5 l / m). 2) for freezing and fixing the roving to the ice surface. The fluid supply system includes a heated tank mounted on the platform, a submersible pump, a heat-insulated heated hose with transverse nozzles, and a generator for autonomous power supply of the elements. After the application of the reinforced layer strip, the end sections of the rovings are trimmed and frozen manually. To speed up the reinforcement process, the end sections are pressed using a rigid bar, and the motorized towing vehicle rotates the platform 180° with the fluid supply pump turned off so that the outer roving is located at a distance of one reinforcement pitch from the outer roving of the reinforced strip. The initial sections of the rovings are frozen, and the motorized towing vehicle and platform begin moving along a parallel strip in the opposite direction to the original one. The sections of roving unwound during the platform rotation are trimmed and removed.After the creation of the reinforcing fiber strips is completed, they are cured and then additionally poured using a liquid supply system driven by a motorized towing vehicle.

[0041] The described method for creating a modified reinforced winter road coating increases the load-bearing capacity of reinforced ice crossings and enables earlier (up to one month) commissioning of ice crossings and winter roads with thinner ice masses (from 15 cm with a load capacity of 3.5 tons). This also allows for an extended service life of winter roads and ice crossings for heavy-duty vehicles—up to two months.

[0042] Reduces the need for additional coatings during maintenance of winter road surfaces and ice crossings. The most promising approach is to strengthen problem areas of winter roads, which are most susceptible to wear and tear and are the primary cause of the entire road's demise.

[0043] Andesite-basalt fiber rovings are used to create the reinforced coating. They possess high mechanical strength, a developed surface area, and are characterized by strong adhesion to the ice matrix. Unlike conventional ice bridge reinforcement methods using metal structures, hydrophobic meshes, and other elements whose rigidity does not match that of the ice matrix, basalt rovings, when combined with the ice matrix, form a fully functional ice composite material. This material can withstand significant mechanical stress while maintaining the integrity of the structure even after partial destruction of the ice matrix, improving the operational safety of ice structures based on it. Because the roving consists of multiple monofilaments up to 22 µm in diameter, it has a contact surface with the ice matrix that is orders of magnitude larger than that of traditional reinforcing materials.

[0044] The modifying compounds are based on polyvinyl alcohol, a water-soluble, biodegradable, high-molecular compound. When aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol are frozen in an ice matrix, a continuous, spatial polymer structure is formed that can withstand significant mechanical stress.

[0045] The addition of sodium tetraborate promotes cross-linking of PVA intermolecular chains, the formation of a chelate compound through the interaction of PVA hydroxyl groups with borate ions, and a significant increase in the connectivity of the bulk structure at the micro level and an increase in the strength of the ice coating at the macro level. The added sodium tetraborate concentrations prevent the formation of a hydrogel during the compound preparation stage, which could impede the uniform distribution of the mixture within the ice coating. During crystallization of the compound, free water is primarily frozen out, increasing the sodium tetraborate concentration. This, when interacting with PVA molecules, leads to the formation of a stronger cross-linked polymer framework, strengthening the ice coating, and reducing its brittleness.

[0046] Finely dispersed organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 is an aqueous emulsion of polydimethylsiloxane and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol in a 1:1 ratio with a total component concentration of 1.8% (all values ​​are in wt.%), which has undergone low-temperature vacuum processing.

[0047] The addition of PZhS-4 to the composition helps reduce cracks and damage that occur in the ice matrix. Furthermore, PZhS-4 significantly reduces foaming during the preparation of the composition, which reduces the amount of air inclusions in the ice coating and favorably affects the uniformity of the properties of the resulting composition.

[0048] The substances used in the modified ice mass technology are environmentally friendly. Naturally occurring basalt fibers, which are chemically inert and environmentally safe, are used as reinforcing elements. An environmental impact assessment conducted after the completion of the modified section of the Labytnangi-Muzhi winter road in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2025, created using this technology, included the collection of soil and ice melt samples from both the experimental and standard sections of the winter road. Chemical analysis of the samples showed that the mass content of the elements introduced into the ice mass did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations in soil and water bodies, and the insignificant concentrations of anionic synthetic surfactants in the ice melts (significantly below the MAC) indicated the use of sufficiently low concentrations of modifying compounds.The safety of the applied strengthening compounds is also demonstrated by the fact that biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD) indicators did not exceed permissible values. Ice melt samples from the experimental site fully complied with water requirements for fishery waters.

[0049] The composition differs from the known ones in that:

[0050] - the mass content of PVA and other components in the created ice coating is significantly lower than the values ​​​​proposed in analogs and the prototype due to the balanced composition.

[0051] - balanced composition, ensures, in the presence of PZhS-4, which has the function of an antifoam agent, the exclusion of the formation of large air inclusions in the ice cover.

[0052] - additional additives added to the composition structure the coating to increase the strength of the polymer network in the ice matrix up to 1.5 times.

[0053] The claimed method for creating a reinforced ice-modified coating for ice crossings is implemented as follows. A preheated container is used to prepare a concentrated initial composition with the component weight percentages listed in the table.

[0054] Table

[0055] Concentration ranges of substances for initial compositions (concentrated)

[0056] Components Amount, wt.% polyvinyl alcohol from 1 to 5 sodium tetraborate from 0 to 0.05 PZhS-4 from 0.01 to 0.05 water rest

[0057] To form a reinforced coating, the prepared concentrated composition is transported to the site where the coating will be created and dosed into pouring tanks so that the mass of the concentrated composition corresponds to the total mass of liquid in the tank in a ratio of 1:10-1:20, depending on the site characteristics. The pouring tanks are filled with water from a reservoir, and the resulting diluted composition is used to subsequently freeze layers of reinforcing fibers to the ice surface. A layer of reinforcing fibers in the form of andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10-22 μm, which are placed on the ice surface at intervals of 5-15 cm in a direction parallel to the traffic lane on the ice crossing, is applied to the surface of the ice crossing using a motorized towing vehicle with a platform on which the elements of the roving laying system and a pouring tank with a diluted modifying composition are installed.The laid fibers are pressed and frozen onto the ice surface, then cured for 60 minutes. Motor pumps are used to build up at least 15 mm of ice above each layer, after which a new layer is laid. In total, at least three layers are created within the ice mass. A finely dispersed marble phase is also added to the reinforced ice coating, for example, at ramps onto the ice crossing or at other problematic sections of the ice crossing. Coating formation continues until the required thickness is achieved, selected based on the required load capacity and traffic volume.

[0058] Example 1. 18.9 kg of water are poured into a heated container. Using heating devices, the water is heated to a temperature of 75-80 °C. 1 kg (5 wt.%) of polyvinyl alcohol is poured into the heated water with constant mechanical stirring of the composition (using an automatic paddle stirrer). Then 10 g (0.05 wt.%) of 1.8% aqueous organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 are added. Stirring of the concentrated composition is carried out for 40-60 min at a stirrer rotation speed of 30-90 rpm while maintaining the liquid temperature of 75-80 °C until the composition is homogeneous. Preliminary treatment of PZhS-4 in vacuum at a residual pressure in the vacuum chamber of 30 mm Hg. was carried out at a temperature of 22°C, which made it possible to get rid of low-atomic alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes in the emulsion.

[0059] The prepared concentrated modifying compound was transported to the ice-covering site while maintaining a liquid temperature of 21°C. 20 kg of the concentrated compound was dosed into a 200-liter insulated filling tank, after which the tank was filled with water from a nearby body of water.

[0060] Thus, the obtained 20 kg of concentrated mixture were diluted in a ratio of 1:10, i.e. until it corresponded to the final modifying composition declared according to the invention, wt.%:

[0061] polyvinyl alcohol 0,5 sodium tetraborate 0 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,005 water rest

[0062] A moving platform was equipped with 21 freely unwinding spools of reinforcing basalt rovings, a calibration bar with a 10 cm pitch between the holes, a liquid supply system with a pouring tank, and a clamping device. The end sections of the rovings, approximately 50 cm long, were manually frozen to the ice surface by pouring a small amount of modifying compound. A motorized towing vehicle transporting the platform was set in motion, and 21 rovings were applied to the ice surface parallel to each other with a 10 cm pitch between them over a reinforcement strip width of 2 m. As the platform moved, the spools with roving were set in rotation, the rovings were unwound through the calibration bar, pressed to the ice surface by the clamping device, and frozen by supplying the modifying compound at a rate of 2.0 l / m. 2After covering the required distance, the supply of liquid was stopped, the end sections of the rovings were pressed manually with a rigid bar, the motorized towing vehicle with the platform was turned 180° and positioned parallel to the created reinforcement strip so that the closest roving was at a distance of the reinforcement pitch (10 cm) from it. Then, the initial sections of the rovings were manually frozen, and the roving application operations were repeated until the entire width of the ice crossing strip (10 m) was covered. Unfrozen sections of roving in the places of the layer were applied at an air temperature of -25°C for 60 minutes. Then, this layer was additionally washed by passing the motorized towing vehicle and the platform with a system for supplying the modifying composition at a rate of 2.0 l / m. 2 The resulting frozen modified ice layer had a composition similar to the original mixture:

[0063] Tests were conducted and it was concluded that it is also acceptable to enhance the buildup of additional ice by pumping water from a reservoir onto the crossing surface using motor pumps. After 15 cm of ice had frozen over each layer, the next layer was applied using the described method. A total of three reinforcing layers of fiber rovings were created. Using a road vehicle with a spreading device, a finely dispersed phase of white marble sand with a fraction of 0.2 mm was applied to the crossing surface until the marble material distribution density in the ice-modified coating reached 200 g / m3. 2 The ice mass of the crossing was built up until the required ice thickness was achieved, determined by the carrying capacity of the transport and the intensity of the traffic flow.

[0064] The construction of a reinforced ice mass for the crossing using the proposed method was carried out on the ice crossing ramp—a problematic section located on a slope and prone to failure. The proposed modifier formulation, the configuration of the reinforcing layers, and the addition of a finely dispersed phase (white marble sand) allowed the load-bearing capacity of the ice crossing ramp to be maintained for up to four weeks, including during the period of ice rim formation during river thaw. The use of a modified compound with increased concentration and viscosity as a pouring fluid had a positive effect on the adhesion of the rovings to the ice surface.

[0065] Example 2. 9.9 kg of water are poured into a heated container. Using heating devices, the water is heated to a temperature of 75°C. 100 g (1 wt.%) of polyvinyl alcohol are poured into the heated water with constant mechanical stirring of the composition (using an automatic paddle stirrer). Then 1 g (0.05 wt.%) of 1.8% aqueous organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 is added. Stirring of the concentrated composition is carried out for 40 minutes at a stirrer speed of 30-90 rpm while maintaining a liquid temperature of 75°C until the composition is homogeneous. Preliminary treatment of PZhS-4 in vacuum at a residual pressure in the vacuum chamber of 30 mm Hg was carried out at a temperature of 22°C, which made it possible to get rid of low-atomic alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes in the emulsion.

[0066] The prepared concentrated modifying compound was transported to the ice-covering site while maintaining a liquid temperature of at least 20°C. Ten kilograms of the concentrated compound were dosed into a 200-liter insulated filling tank, after which the tank was filled with water from a nearby body of water.

[0067] Thus, the obtained 10 kg of concentrated mixture were diluted in a ratio of 1:20, i.e. until it corresponded to the final modifying composition declared according to the invention, wt.%:

[0068] polyvinyl alcohol 0,05 sodium tetraborate 0 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,0005 water rest

[0069] A moving platform was equipped with 21 freely unwinding spools of reinforcing basalt rovings, a calibration bar with a 10 cm pitch between the holes, a liquid supply system with a pouring tank, and a clamping device. The end sections of the rovings, approximately 50 cm long, were manually frozen to the ice surface by pouring a small amount of modifying compound. A motorized towing vehicle transporting the platform was set in motion, and 21 rovings were applied to the ice surface parallel to each other with a 10 cm pitch between them over a reinforcement strip width of 2 m. As the platform moved, the spools with roving were set in rotation, the rovings were unwound through the calibration bar, pressed to the ice surface by the clamping device, and frozen by supplying the modifying compound at a rate of 1.0 l / m. 2After covering the required distance, the supply of liquid was stopped, the end sections of the rovings were pressed manually with a rigid bar, the motorized towing vehicle with the platform was turned 180° and positioned parallel to the created reinforcement strip so that the closest roving was at a distance of the reinforcement pitch (10 cm) from it. Then, the initial sections of the rovings were manually frozen, and the roving application operations were repeated until the entire width of the ice crossing strip (10 m) was covered. Unfrozen sections of roving at the places where the platform turned were cut off and removed. This layer was cured at an air temperature of minus 25°C for 60 minutes. Then, an additional pouring of this layer was carried out by passing the motorized towing vehicle and the platform with a system for supplying the modifying composition at a rate of 1.0 l / m. 2Subsequent ice buildup was achieved by pumping additional water from the reservoir onto the crossing surface using motor pumps. After freezing 15 cm of ice over each reinforcing layer, the next reinforcing layer was applied using the described method. The resulting frozen modified ice layer had a composition similar to the original mixture. The total reinforced surface consisted of three reinforcing layers of fiber rovings and built-up layers of modified ice.

[0070] The thickness of the reinforced coating for the ice crossing was ensured in accordance with the technology until the specified ice thickness was reached, determined by the carrying capacity of the vehicle and the intensity of the traffic flow.

[0071] The proposed method allows to extend the service life of an ice crossing section up to 2 weeks, improve traffic safety by maintaining the integrity of the ice covering under critical loads, while significantly reducing the costs of modifying composition components.

[0072] Example 3. 18.9 kg of water are poured into a heated container. Using heating devices, the water is heated to a temperature of 80°C. 1 kg (5%) of polyvinyl alcohol is added to the heated water with constant mechanical stirring of the solution (using an automatic paddle stirrer). Then 10 g (0.05 wt.%) of sodium tetraborate are added and 10 g (0.05 wt.%) of 1.8% aqueous organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 are added. Stirring of the concentrated composition is carried out for 40-60 min at a stirrer rotation speed of 30-90 rpm while maintaining the liquid temperature of 80°C until the composition is homogeneous. Preliminary treatment of PZhS-4 in vacuum at a residual pressure in the vacuum chamber of 30 mm Hg. was carried out at a temperature of 22°C, which made it possible to get rid of low-atomic alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes in the emulsion.

[0073] The prepared concentrated modifying compound was transported to the ice-covering site while maintaining a liquid temperature of 20°C. 20 kg of the concentrated compound was dosed into a 200-liter insulated filling tank, after which the tank was filled with water from a nearby body of water.

[0074] Thus, the obtained 20 kg of concentrated mixture were diluted in a ratio of 1:10, i.e. until it corresponded to the final modifying composition declared according to the invention, wt.%:

[0075] polyvinyl alcohol 0,5 sodium tetraborate 0,005 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,005 water rest

[0076] Forty-one freely unwinding spools of reinforcing basalt rovings, a calibration bar with a 5 cm pitch between holes, a liquid supply system with a pouring tank, and a clamping device were placed on a moving platform. The end sections of the rovings, approximately 50 cm long, were manually frozen to the ice surface by pouring a small amount of modifying compound. The motorized towing vehicle transporting the platform was set in motion, and 41 rovings were applied to the ice surface parallel to each other with a 5 cm pitch between them over a reinforcement strip width of 2 m. As the platform moved, the spools with roving were set in rotation, the rovings were unwound through the calibration bar, pressed to the ice surface by the clamping device, and frozen by supplying the modifying compound at a rate of 2.0 l / m. 2After covering the required distance, the liquid supply was stopped, the end sections of the rovings were pressed manually with a rigid bar, the motorized towing vehicle with the platform was turned 180° and positioned parallel to the created reinforcement strip so that the closest roving was at a distance of the reinforcement pitch (5 cm) from it. Then, the initial sections of the rovings were manually frozen, and the roving application operations were repeated until the entire width of the ice crossing strip (20 m) was covered. Unfrozen sections of roving at the places where the platform turned were cut off and removed. The reinforcing layer was cured at an air temperature of minus 25°C for 60 minutes. Then, an additional pouring of the reinforcing layer was carried out by passing the motorized towing vehicle and the platform with a system for supplying the modifying composition at a rate of 2.0 l / m. 2Subsequent ice buildup was achieved by pumping water from the reservoir onto the crossing surface using motor pumps. After freezing 15 cm of ice over each reinforcing layer, the next reinforcing layer was applied using the described method. The resulting frozen modified ice layer had a composition similar to the original mixture, wt.%:

[0077] polyvinyl alcohol 0,5 sodium tetraborate 0,005 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,005 water rest

[0078] A total of 4 reinforcing layers of fiber rovings were created. Using a road machine with a spreading device, a finely dispersed phase of white marble sand with a fraction of 0.2 mm was applied to the crossing surface until the marble material distribution density in the ice-modified surface reached 100 g / m. 2 The ice mass of the crossing was built up until the required ice thickness was achieved, determined by the carrying capacity of the transport and the intensity of the traffic flow.

[0079] Example 4. The prepared concentrated solution is transported to the site where the reinforcing layers will be created and dosed into pouring tanks so that the mass of the concentrated solution is related to the total mass of liquid in the tank in a ratio of 1:10-1:20, depending on the site characteristics. The pouring tanks are filled with water from a reservoir, and the resulting diluted solution is used to subsequently freeze the reinforcing fiber layers to the ice surface. A layer of reinforcing fibers in the form of andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600 tex and a monofilament diameter of 22 μm, which are placed on the ice surface at 5 cm intervals in a direction parallel to the traffic lane on the ice crossing, is applied to the ice crossing surface using a motorized towing vehicle with a platform on which the elements of the roving placement system and the pouring tank with the diluted modifying solution are installed.The laid fibers are pressed and frozen onto the ice surface, then cured for 60 minutes. At least 15 mm of ice is built up above each layer of fibers using motor pumps, after which a new reinforcing layer is laid. In total, the reinforced coating consisted of four reinforcing layers. A finely dispersed marble phase is also added to the ice coating, for example, at the ramps onto the ice crossing or at other problematic sections of the ice crossing. The coating was formed until it reached a thickness of 60 mm.

[0080] Example 5. The composition prepared as in Examples 1 and 2 is transported to the site where the reinforced coating will be created and dosed into pouring tanks so that the mass of the concentrated solution corresponds to the total mass of liquid in the tank in a ratio of 1:10-1:20, depending on the site characteristics. The composition, diluted with water, is used for subsequent freezing of fiber rovings to the ice surface. A layer of andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10 μm, placed on the ice surface at 15 cm intervals in a direction parallel to the traffic lane on the ice crossing, is applied to the ice crossing surface using a motorized towing vehicle with a platform on which the elements of the roving placement system and a pouring tank with the diluted modifying composition are installed. The laid fibers are pressed and frozen to the ice surface, after which they are kept for 80 minutes.For some reinforcement, it's permissible to build up 15 mm of ice above each layer using motor pumps, after which a new layer is laid. In total, the reinforced surface was formed by three layers. A finely dispersed marble phase was also added to the ice surface, which is especially important, for example, on the ramps onto the ice crossing or on other problematic sections of the ice crossing. In this example, the reinforced surface was built up until it reached a thickness of 45 mm.

[0081] The reinforcement configurations, modifying compound formulation, and fine-dispersed phase application method described in the examples were applied to a section of an ice crossing ramp used by heavy-duty vehicles (over 30 t) and subject to intense loads, wear, and failure. The applied technology significantly improved the condition of the ramp during the spring period, extending the bearing capacity by 3.5 weeks compared to the maximum known from similar products, including the prototype, including during the period of ice rim formation during river thaw. The use of the modifying compound composition at the concentration specified in the method as a pouring fluid had a positive effect on the adhesion of the rovings to the ice surface, while the presence of a white marble-like fine-dispersed fraction improved the insolation resistance and wear resistance of the coating.

Claims

1. A reinforced covering for an ice crossing, containing successively placed layers of ice on the ice surface, each of which is made of fibrous material, which is andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10-22 μm, frozen to the surface with a composition applied to them with the following component content, wt.%: polyvinyl alcohol 0,05-0,50 sodium tetraborate 0-0,005 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,0005-0,005 water rest, wherein the 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 is a 1.8% aqueous organosilicon emulsion of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol, taken in equal parts, purified by low-temperature treatment in a vacuum.

2. A method for forming a reinforced covering for an ice crossing according to paragraph 1, which includes freezing a layer of ice onto the ice surface, in which fibrous material is laid on the ice surface at intervals of 5-15 cm in a direction parallel to the traffic lane on the ice crossing, which is made up of andesite-basalt rovings with a linear density of 600-4800 tex and a monofilament diameter of 10-22 μm, then freezing the laid fibrous material by applying a composition to it having the following component content, wt.%: polyvinyl alcohol 0,05-0,50 sodium tetraborate 0-0,005 1.8% purified water organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 0,0005-0,005 water rest, where 1.8% purified aqueous organosilicon emulsion PZhS-4 is a 1.8% aqueous organosilicon emulsion of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and a 4% solution of polyvinyl alcohol, taken in equal parts, purified by low-temperature treatment in a vacuum, and the application of the composition is carried out at a temperature of at least 20°C at a volumetric flow rate of the composition of 0.5-2.0 l / m 2 with subsequent holding of the thus obtained modified layer for 60-180 minutes for its freezing, all operations are repeated for layer-by-layer growth of at least three such layers of ice, and during the freezing of each layer of ice, a finely dispersed phase of white marble chips with a fraction of 0.2-0.5 mm is introduced with a distribution density of no more than 500 g / m3 using a spreading device 2 in the layer.