Method for waterproofing expansion joints of building structures and device for waterproofing joint obtained by said method

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the installation of an expansion joint between parts of building structures with the possibility of different amounts of settlement in civil and industrial facilities. A method for waterproofing expansion joints of building structures comprises the following steps: first, a polymer epoxy impregnation is applied to the reinforced concrete base of the building structures from the front and end surfaces of the joint, an epoxy mastic with a hardener is applied to the impregnation, a membrane is formed according to the configuration of the joint, for which purpose strips of non-woven material of the first and second types are cut, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the strips of the first type, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the laid strips of the first type, layers of strips of the second type are similarly applied to the strips of the first type, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the laid strips of the second type, and after incomplete curing of the mastic, a lock of epoxy mastic with a hardener is applied. A device for waterproofing a joint comprises a first layer – a layer of polymer concrete, a second layer – a layer of cured epoxy mastic, on top of the mastic layer there is a membrane formed by strips of non-woven material of the first and second types with the formation of a compensator loop at the location of the joint, wherein the membrane is located with an overlap on the building structure of 50 mm, the layers of the strips of the first and second types are connected to each other and impregnated with a cold-curing polyurethane mastic, wherein the strips are located with an overlap on each other of 100 mm, there is a lock made of epoxy mastic with a hardener, combined with the second layer, made with an overlap on the membrane of 30 mm.EFFECT: reliable waterproofing of expansion joints of any size and geometric shape, including non-standard ones, and their joints, junctions and intersections.2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the installation of an expansion joint between parts of building structures with the possibility of different amounts of settlement in civil and industrial facilities.

[0002] An analogue of the method is known - a method for sealing and insulating an interpanel seam - RU2729089, 11 / 28 / 2019, which includes operations for sealing the interpanel joint of the wall at the ends of the panels, installing insulation, applying facade adhesive to the other surface of the insulation, gluing a facade fiberglass mesh to the outer side of the insulation, applying adhesive to it, and securing the interpanel seam to the panels with fasteners.

[0003] An analogue of the device is known - a joint waterproofing device - RU2729089, 11 / 28 / 2019, containing insulation, to which a facade fiberglass mesh is attached using facade glue, as well as fasteners.

[0004] The disadvantages of analogs are low reliability, the unsuitability of the method and device for joints with complex geometry, and poor protection against moisture penetration due to the use of fasteners.

[0005] An analogue of the method is known - a method for waterproofing expansion joints of building structures - source on the Internet https: / / www.youtube.com / watch?v=u-FzP-7BdXU, adopted as a prototype of the method, in which restrictive profiles are installed, the space is filled with an injection composition on an acrylate basis, and a PVC tape is fixed on top of the seam with epoxy glue.

[0006] An analogue of the device is known - a device for waterproofing a seam - a source on the Internet https: / / www.youtube.com / watch?v=u-FzP-7BdXU, adopted as a prototype of the device, containing restrictive profiles, the volume between which is filled with an injection composition on an acrylate basis, a PVC tape is fixed on top of the seam with epoxy glue.

[0007] A disadvantage of the prototype method and device is their inability to handle joints with complex geometries and their poor protection against moisture penetration in joints with complex geometries. This is due to the PVC tape's simple, straight configuration, making it difficult to ensure a strong, watertight joint even with bends in the expansion joint. Furthermore, the tape's epoxy adhesive bonding method, without reliable adhesion to the underlying concrete layer, does not provide the required bonding reliability.

[0008] The technical result of the invention consists in providing reliable waterproofing of expansion joints of any size and geometric shape, including non-standard ones, and their mating nodes, joints and intersections.

[0009] The technical result is achieved in a method for waterproofing expansion joints of building structures, in which epoxy-based compositions and strips of material are used, and first, a polymer epoxy impregnation is applied to the reinforced concrete base of building structures that form the joint from the front and end surfaces of the joint to form a layer of polymer concrete, an epoxy mastic with a hardener is applied to the impregnation, a membrane is formed according to the configuration of the joint, for this, strips of non-woven material of the first type with a density of 100..250 g / m are cut 2 and the second type with a density of 40..80 g / m 2Taking into account the expansion joint loop and the subsequent placement of the membrane with an overlap of at least 50 mm on the building structure, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the strips of the first type, the strips of the first type are laid with an overlap of 100 mm on top of each other on the building structures that form the seam, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the laid strips of the first type, layers of strips of the second type are similarly applied to the strips of the first type, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the laid strips of the second type, after incomplete curing of the mastic, a lock of epoxy mastic with a hardener is applied with an overlap of 30 mm on the membrane.

[0010] The technical result is achieved in a device for waterproofing a joint, containing strips of material, wherein it contains a first layer - a polymer concrete layer formed by a polymer epoxy impregnation applied to the reinforced concrete base of building structures that form the joint from the front and end surfaces of the joint, on top of said polymer concrete layer there is a second layer - a layer of cured epoxy mastic, on top of the mastic layer there is a membrane formed by strips of non-woven material of the first type with a density of 100..250 g / m 2 and the second type with a density of 40..80 g / m 2with the formation of a compensator loop at the location of the seam, with the membrane overlapping the building structure by 50 mm, layers of strips of the first and second types are connected to each other and impregnated with cold-curing polyurethane mastic, with the strips overlapping each other by 100 mm, with strips of the first type located closer to the polymer concrete layer, strips of the second type located on top of them, there is a lock made of epoxy mastic with a hardener, combined with the second layer, made with an overlap of 30 mm on the membrane.

[0011] Fig. 1 shows a section of a seam waterproofed by a device according to the present invention.

[0012] The joint waterproofing device comprises a polymer concrete layer formed by a polymer epoxy impregnation 4 applied to the reinforced concrete base of building structures 1, 2, forming a joint 3, with the front 5 and end 6 surfaces of the joint 3, as shown in Fig. 1. On top of said polymer concrete layer 4 there is a layer of cured epoxy mastic 7, on top of which there is a membrane formed by strips of non-woven material of the first type 8 with a density of 100..250 g / m 2 and the second type 9 with a density of 40..80 g / m 2with the formation of a compensator loop 10 at the location of the seam 3. The membrane is arranged with an overlap 11 on the building structure 1, 2 of at least 50 mm. The layers of the strips of the first and second types are connected to each other and impregnated with a cold-curing polyurethane mastic. The strips of the first type 8 are laid with an overlap 12 on top of each other of 100 mm on the building structures 1, 2, forming the seam 3, as shown in Fig. 2. On top of the strips of the first type 8, layers of strips of the second type 9 are arranged, as shown in Fig. 1. There is a lock 13 made of epoxy mastic with a hardener, made with an overlap 14 on the membrane of 30 mm.

[0013] Let's consider an example of a method for waterproofing expansion joints in building structures. A polymer epoxy impregnation 4 is applied to the front 5 and end 6 surfaces of joint 3 of the reinforced concrete base of building structures 1 and 2, as shown in Fig. 1, forming joint 3, forming a layer of polymer concrete. The impregnation used is the one manufactured by PLOTINA "SKREPA" and is applied with a brush. In another example, the impregnation is applied with a spray gun. This prevents capillary moisture absorption at the joint and ensures a strong bond with subsequent layers. Epoxy mastic 7 with a hardener is applied to the impregnation 4. The mastic used is the one manufactured by PLOTINA "SHCHIT".

[0014] To form the membrane, strips of non-woven material of the first type 8 with a density of 100..250 g / m are prepared 2 and the second type 9 with a density of 40..80 g / m 2The first type of nonwoven material is a nonwoven synthetic needle-punched material called geotextile. The second type of nonwoven material is a nonwoven synthetic material similar to spunbond. The strips are cut taking into account the compensator loop 10 and the subsequent placement of the membrane with a 55 mm overlap 11 on building structures 1 and 2. The compensator loop prevents damage to the device during relative movement of building structures 1 and 2 relative to each other. The overlap 11 is necessary to firmly bond the membrane to the preceding layers. An overlap of less than 50 mm renders the connection unreliable.

[0015] Layers of non-woven material are impregnated with cold-curing polyurethane mastic from the company VOLNA DAM.

[0016] First, type 8 strips are laid, as this density allows for maximum absorption of the polyurethane mastic and creates the required initial membrane thickness, which is important for proper shaping and affects the membrane's operational strength. Strips with a density of 100-250 g / m 2 More technologically advanced methods for impregnating and laying the first layers ensure proper membrane formation when sealing expansion joints of any size and geometric shape, including non-standard ones, and their joints, junctions, and intersections. If non-woven fabric with a density of less than 100 g / m is used as the first type of strips, 2 , the required membrane thickness will not be achieved. To achieve it, several Type I strips will have to be used, which increases the labor intensity of the process and the likelihood of defects. If nonwoven material with a density greater than 250 g / m is used for Type I strips, 2, then the cold-curing mastic will impregnate the canvas worse, thereby causing uneven application and gaps in the coating throughout the entire thickness of the canvas.

[0017] Material of the second type 9 with a density of 40..80 g / m 2 It is used for subsequent layers because it is easier to impregnate and creates a more uniform coating due to its more structured nature. This is essential for achieving the specified technical result. If nonwoven fabric with a density of less than 40 g / m is used as the second type of strips, 2 , the resulting top layer of the membrane will not have sufficient continuity and the necessary technical characteristics, namely puncture resistance. If nonwoven material with a density greater than 80 g / m is used for the second type of strips, 2 , then the impregnation of the canvas worsens when they are laid using the embedding method, thereby creating uneven impregnation in the thickness of the canvas.

[0018] Overlap 12 is 110 mm. This is necessary to ensure the membrane's longitudinal strength. If the overlap is less than 100 mm, the membrane is insufficiently strong against the longitudinal layer separation load.

[0019] A cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the laid strips of type 8. Layers of type 9 strips are similarly applied to the strips of type 8. This means that the membrane is manufactured using the "papier-mâché" principle, precisely following the geometry of joint 3. This allows for waterproofing expansion joints of any size and geometric shape, including non-standard ones, and their joints, junctions, and intersections. The tape used in the prototype cannot achieve such precise adjustment to the geometry of joint 3.

[0020] Lock 13 made of epoxy mastic with hardener is applied after the mastic has partially cured. Mastic from DAMK "SHCHIT" is used as the mastic. This is important for a secure connection of the lock. Its overlap 14 on the membrane is 35 mm. An overlap of less than 30 mm results in an insufficiently secure connection between the lock and the membrane, making the side edges of the membrane susceptible to damage and reducing the reliability of the joint waterproofing.

[0021] waterproofing expansion joints of any size and geometric shape, including non-standard ones, and their junctions, joints and intersections.

Claims

1. A method for waterproofing an expansion joint of building structures, which uses epoxy-based compositions and strips of material, characterized in that first, a polymer epoxy impregnation is applied to the reinforced concrete base of the building structures that form the joint from the front and end surfaces of the joint to form a layer of polymer concrete, an epoxy mastic with a hardener is applied to the impregnation, a membrane is formed according to the configuration of the joint, for this purpose strips of non-woven material of the first type with a density of 100-250 g / m are cut 2 and the second type with a density of 40-80 g / m 2Taking into account the expansion joint loop and the subsequent placement of the membrane with an overlap of at least 50 mm on the building structure, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the strips of the first type, the strips of the first type are laid with an overlap of 100 mm on top of each other on the building structures that form the seam, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the laid strips of the first type, layers of strips of the second type are similarly applied to the strips of the first type, cold-curing polyurethane mastic is applied to the laid strips of the second type, after incomplete curing of the mastic, a lock of epoxy mastic with a hardener is applied with an overlap of 30 mm on the membrane.

2. A device for an expansion joint of building structures, containing strips of material, characterized in that the device contains a first layer - a layer of polymer concrete, formed by applying a polymer epoxy impregnation to the reinforced concrete base of the building structures that form the joint from the front and end surfaces of the joint, on top of the said layer of polymer concrete there is a second layer - a layer of cured epoxy mastic, on top of the mastic layer there is a membrane formed by strips of non-woven material of the first type with a density of 100-250 g / m 2 and the second type with a density of 40-80 g / m 2with the formation of a compensator loop at the location of the seam, with the membrane overlapping the building structure by 50 mm, layers of strips of the first and second types are connected to each other and impregnated with cold-curing polyurethane mastic, with the strips overlapping each other by 100 mm, with strips of the first type located closer to the polymer concrete layer, strips of the second type located on top of them, there is a lock made of epoxy mastic with a hardener, combined with the second layer, made with an overlap of 30 mm on the membrane.

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