Self-adhesive fire-retardant material

Abstract

FIELD: fire-protective layered materials.SUBSTANCE: fire-protective material consists of a layer applied to a flexible base that foams during emergency heating. The flexible base is made of quartz fabric combined with an adhesive layer. The foaming layer includes fluorosiloxane rubber, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, melamine, hollow glass microspheres, discrete aluminium oxide fibre, zirconium oxide, recycled asbestos, hollow corundum microspheres, silicon dioxide, ethyl silicate-32 and tin diethyl dicaprylate.EFFECT: increase in the operating temperature range of the foaming fire-protective material by increasing the foaming start temperature, increasing its adhesive strength and improving its processability during use.3 cl, 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

[0001] The invention relates to fire-protective layered materials that can be used to protect areas with flammable liquids and potentially fire-hazardous areas of aviation equipment.

[0002] A flame-retardant intumescent material for protecting metallic and non-metallic products is known. It comprises a fibrous layer and a layer that intumesces during emergency heating. The fibrous layer is an outer layer of knitted fabric made from a stretchable material composed of inorganic fibers with a melting point exceeding 1150°C. The intumescent layer, which intumesces during emergency heating, is located between the fibrous layer and the protected product and can be applied to a textile material made from glass or basalt fibers that do not shrink when exposed to high temperatures. The intumescent layer consists of methylphenylsiloxane rubber with a filler system, including intercalated graphite. The material may additionally contain a heat-insulating mat located on the protected product, made of heat-resistant glass or basalt fibers and having a braid (RU 2260029 C2, 10.09.2005).

[0003] The disadvantage of this material is the complexity of its application process. The material is formed layer by layer using spray technology, which deposits an intumescent layer directly on the surface to be protected, significantly increasing the time it takes to build up the protective layer's thickness and increasing material consumption during spraying. Furthermore, it has a very high thickness of up to 5.5 mm.

[0004] A layered fire-protective material is known (RU 50912 U1, 27.01.2006), containing a flexible base and a layer of fire-protective composition containing, by weight %:

[0005] intercalated graphite 35,0-65,0 kaolin 0,5-3,0 aerosil 1,0-4,0 chlorinated paraffin 3,0-12,0 ammonium polyphosphate 1,0-4,0 chloroperane rubber rest

[0006] The disadvantages of this material include the complexity of the manufacturing process (preliminary processing on rollers, followed by grinding, dissolution in ethyl acetate and naphtha, and spreading), the lack of an adhesive layer, a limited shelf life, and the presence of residual combustion. Furthermore, the production technology is fire hazardous due to the use of toxic and flammable organic solvents.

[0007] The closest analogue to the claimed material is a fire-retardant laminated material that can be used in construction, aviation, mechanical engineering and shipbuilding to protect various structures made of metal, wood and polymeric materials, cable products with rubber and polyethylene braiding, machines and equipment from exposure to fire in the event of a fire (RU 140812 U1, 20.05.2013). The material taken as a prototype is an intumescent fire-retardant material including a flexible base and a fire-retardant polymer layer. The flexible base is made in the form of paper with a double-sided anti-adhesive coating. Between the flexible base and the fire-retardant polymer layer there is a layer of acrylic dispersion. The opposite side of the fire-retardant polymer layer is covered with a waterproofing material, and the fire-retardant polymer layer is made of a composition containing the following components, mass %:

[0008] chlorosulfonated polyethylene 8,0-12,0 pentaerythritol 12,0-20,0 sucrose 5,0-8,0 ammophos 18,0-28,0 dicyandiamide 10,0-15,0 urea 5,0-8,0 sodium tetraborate aqueous 5,0-8,0 silicon oxide powder 2,0-5,0 glycerol ester of tallow rosin 0,6-1,0 high-density polyethylene in film form 1,0-2,0 trichloropropyl phosphate 1,5-3,0 chloroparaffin 470 4,0-6,0 high molecular weight polyisobutylene 0,3-0,8

[0009] The disadvantages of the prototype material are a narrow operating temperature range from minus 40°C to plus 60°C, an insufficient maximum permissible thermal exposure temperature of 1100°C, and the release of a large amount of highly fuming and harmful to the human body chlorine-containing thermal degradation products, as well as a low level of adhesion.

[0010] The technical objective of the invention is to obtain a composite material for the production of a layered self-adhesive foaming fire-protective material with improved performance properties and processability.

[0011] The technical result of the invention is an increase in the operating temperature range of the self-adhesive foaming fire-protective material by increasing the foaming start temperature and improving the processability during use due to the presence of adhesive and reinforced layers.

[0012] To achieve the stated technical result, a foaming fire-protective material is proposed, having a flexible base consisting of quartz fabric impregnated with a solution of a highly heat-resistant ladder block copolymer, a polyimide film with a double-sided adhesive layer and a foaming composition containing components in the following ratio, mass parts:

[0013] fluorosiloxane rubber 80-110 ammonium polyphosphate 25-50 pentaerythritol 10-20 melamine 15-20 hollow glass microspheres 5-10 discrete aluminum oxide fiber 10-20 zirconium oxide 10-15 recycled asbestos 5-7 hollow corundum microspheres 5-10 silicon dioxide 0,2-0,5 ethyl silicate-32 1,8-2,1 tin diethyl dicaprylate 1,4-1,7

[0014] The adhesive layer can be made in the form of a polyimide film with acrylic adhesive applied on both sides.

[0015] The proposed material can be applied to metal and non-metallic protected surfaces by gluing.

[0016] Unlike the prototype material, the foaming fire-retardant layer contains a frost- and heat-resistant compound - fluorosiloxane rubber - as a polymer base, which allows for the production of a material with a wide operating temperature range of up to 200°C, an increase in the foaming onset temperature, and resistance to the effects of fuels and lubricants during the normal operation of aviation equipment.

[0017] The composition contains melamine, pentaerythritol and ammonium polyphosphate as a foaming group, which ensures stable implementation of the foaming process of the material during combustion and the production of a dense monolithic coke layer due to the foaming processes in the volume and carbonization on the surface of the material.

[0018] The composition additionally contains reinforcing fire-resistant fillers in the form of discrete fibers of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and chrysolite asbestos.

[0019] The introduction of additives into the composition to improve thermal insulation and weight characteristics in the form of hollow glass and corundum microspheres makes it possible to obtain high-strength, heat-erosion-resistant foam coke with low thermal conductivity.

[0020] The presence of a thickening additive in the form of silicon dioxide (aerosil) allows for the optimization of the processing of the composition into tape by imparting thixotropy to the mass during the formation of the fire-protective layer.

[0021] The quartz fabric used as a substrate serves as an additional heat-resistant layer in the path of flame exposure, and its pre-treatment with an organosilicon resin solution and a heat-resistant, non-flammable ladder block copolymer can increase the affinity and wettability of the fabric substrate to the foaming composition and the adhesive layer.

[0022] The adhesive layer in the form of a polyimide film with acrylic adhesive applied on both sides ensures reliable adhesion of the material to the protected surface, and due to the high heat resistance of the film, increases the effective service life of the material as a whole.

[0023] The composition contains tin diethyl dicaprylate and ethyl silicate-32 as a vulcanizing system, which allow the fire-protective layer based on fluorosiloxane rubber to be cured at room temperature.

[0024] Examples of the invention.

[0025] The fire-retardant material was manufactured in the form of a reinforced tape with a layer applied to it that foamed during emergency heating. To produce this layer, a paste was prepared from the following starting components:

[0026] - Fluorosiloxane rubber - TU 2294-111-00151963-2007;

[0027] - Ammonium polyphosphate: TU 20.13.42.130-033-67017122;

[0028] - Pentaerythritol - GOST 9286-2012;

[0029] - Melamine - GOST 7579-76;

[0030] - Hollow glass microspheres TU 6-48-91-92;

[0031] - Discrete aluminum oxide fiber TU 1-595-29-1248-2011;

[0032] - Zirconium oxide-TU 1762-006-05823344-17;

[0033] - Recycled asbestos TU 6-05-1379-76;

[0034] - Corundum microspheres - TU 3988-002-30693519-2015;

[0035] - Silicon dioxide - GOST 14922-77;

[0036] - Binder ethyl silicate-32-TU 20.14.53-558-05763441-2017;

[0037] - Tin diethyl caprylate - TU 6-02-1-013-89.

[0038] Fluorosiloxane rubber was placed in a mixing vessel. While stirring, discrete aluminum oxide fiber, zirconium oxide, melamine, pentaerythritol, ammonium polyphosphate, asbestos, and amorphous silicon dioxide were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Glass microspheres and corundum microspheres were then added and mixed for 30 minutes until a homogeneous paste was obtained. After the paste was removed from the mixing vessel, the vulcanizing system was added and thoroughly mixed. The paste had a pot life of at least 240 minutes.

[0039] The compositions of the experimental compositions are given in Table No. 1.

[0040] The fire-retardant material was manufactured by layer-by-layer molding of a fire-retardant paste onto a quartz fabric impregnated with a solution of highly heat-resistant ladder block copolymer, followed by bonding the fabric to a polyimide film with an adhesive layer applied on both sides. The molded fabric was cured on unheated racks for 72-96 hours.

[0041] The temperature range of the manufactured material samples was determined using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) based on changes in thermal effects (glass transition, melting), which allowed us to estimate the temperature limits of the material's performance. Adhesion strength (tensile strength) and density were also determined.

[0042] The properties of the proposed material samples are given in Table No. 2.

[0043] Experimental data have shown that the proposed fire-retardant material has an adhesive strength improved by 14-38% compared to the prototype material and a 20-30% wider operating temperature range. It also boasts excellent processability, as it can be easily applied by gluing to surfaces of virtually any complexity.

[0044]

[0045]

Claims

1. A fire-protective material consisting of a layer applied to a flexible base that foams during emergency heating, containing a polymer base, pentaerythritol, silicon dioxide, ethyl silicate-32, characterized in that the flexible base is made of quartz fabric combined with an adhesive layer, and the layer that foams during emergency heating contains fluorosiloxane rubber as a polymer base and also contains melamine, ammonium polyphosphate, discrete aluminum oxide fiber, zirconium oxide, recycled asbestos, hollow corundum microspheres, hollow glass microspheres and tin diethyl caprylate in the following ratio of components, in parts by weight: fluorosiloxane rubber 80-110 ammonium polyphosphate 25-50 pentaerythritol 10-20 melamine 15-20 hollow glass microspheres 5-10 discrete aluminum oxide fiber 10-20 zirconium oxide 10-15 recycled asbestos 5-7 hollow corundum microspheres 5-10 silicon dioxide 0,2-0,5 ethyl silicate-32 1,8-2,1 tin diethyl dicaprylate 1,4-1,7 2. The material according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the quartz fabric is impregnated with a solution of highly heat-resistant ladder block copolymer.

3. The material according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the adhesive layer is made in the form of a polyimide film with acrylic adhesive applied on both sides.

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