Modular system for simultaneous gas delivery to multiple animals and its method of application

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.SUBSTANCE: modular system for the simultaneous delivery of gas to multiple animals and a method for its use. The modular system comprises an upstream module containing a gas inlet. The modular system has a downstream module containing a gas outlet. The modular system includes an intermediate module unit containing a first intermediate module with a first outlet for delivering gas, and a second intermediate module with a second outlet for delivering gas. The intermediate module unit is configured to interact with and detach from an upstream module and to interact with and detach from a downstream module. The first intermediate module is configured to interact with and detach from the module located earlier downstream. The second intermediate module is designed with the ability to interact with the module located earlier downstream and to be disconnected from it. An upstream module, a downstream module, and an intermediate module are configured to be assembled into a first system configuration in which: the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module and is in interaction with it; the intermediate module is located upstream of the downstream module and is in interaction with it; a gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the gas outlet of the downstream module; and a first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the first gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module. The upstream module, the downstream module and the intermediate module are configured to be assembled into a second system configuration, wherein: the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module and is in interaction with it; the intermediate module is located upstream of the downstream module and is in interaction with it; the gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the gas outlet of the downstream module; and the second gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the second gas delivery outlet of the second intermediate module. The second configuration of the system is a parallel configuration of the system, and in the second configuration of the system, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are arranged in parallel so that the second gas flow delivery path is free from passing through the first intermediate module. The method of use includes interaction of an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module in such a way that: the upstream module is positioned upstream of the intermediate module and is brought into interaction with it; the intermediate module is positioned upstream of the downstream module and is brought into interaction with it; a gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the gas outlet of the downstream module; and a first gas delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the first gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module.EFFECT: improved gas delivery system.13 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a gas delivery system and a method for using the gas delivery system.

[0002] Gas delivery systems are used to deliver gases or aerosols to subjects during preclinical in vivo testing. There are a limited number of commercially available gas delivery systems suitable for such testing. However, these commercially available systems are generally ineffective for large-scale testing and typically do not allow the system operator to choose between intratracheal and nasal gas delivery to subjects.

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved gas delivery system. In particular, the present invention addresses one or more of the problems outlined above.

[0004] A gas delivery system for delivering gas to at least one subject is thus provided. The system may comprise an upstream portion. The upstream portion may comprise a gas inlet. The system may comprise a downstream portion. The downstream portion may comprise a gas outlet. The system may comprise an intermediate portion. The intermediate portion may comprise a first outlet for delivering gas. The upstream portion may be located upstream of the intermediate portion. The intermediate portion may be located upstream of the downstream portion. The gas flow path may be formed from the gas inlet of the upstream portion to the gas outlet of the downstream portion.The first gas flow delivery path may be formed from the gas inlet of the upstream portion to the first gas outlet of the intermediate portion.

[0005] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a gas delivery system is provided for delivering gas to at least one subject. The system comprises an upstream portion comprising a gas inlet. The system comprises a downstream portion comprising a gas outlet. The system comprises an intermediate portion comprising a first outlet for delivering gas. The upstream portion is located upstream of the intermediate portion, and the intermediate portion is located upstream of the downstream portion. The gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream portion to the gas outlet of the downstream portion.The first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the portion located upstream of the flow to the first gas outlet of the intermediate portion.

[0006] The gas delivery system may be a modular gas delivery system. The upstream portion may comprise or be an upstream module. The downstream portion may comprise or be a downstream module. The intermediate portion may comprise or be an intermediate module assembly. The intermediate module assembly may comprise a first intermediate module. The first intermediate module may comprise a first outlet for delivering gas. The intermediate module assembly may be configured to be engaged with and detached from the upstream module. The intermediate module assembly may be configured to be engaged with and detached from the downstream module.A system, for example, an upstream module, a downstream module, and an intermediate module assembly, may be configured to be assembled into a first system configuration, in which the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module assembly and is engaged with it, and the intermediate module assembly is located upstream of the downstream module and is engaged with it. In the first system configuration, a gas flow path may be formed from a gas inlet of the upstream module to a gas outlet of the downstream module. In the first system configuration, a first gas delivery path may be formed from a gas inlet of the upstream module to a first gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module.

[0007] Thus, according to the second aspect of the present invention, a modular gas delivery system is provided for delivering gas to at least one subject. The system comprises an upstream module comprising a gas inlet, a downstream module comprising a gas outlet, and an intermediate module assembly comprising a first intermediate module, wherein the first intermediate module comprises a first outlet for delivering gas. The intermediate module assembly is configured to engage with and detach from the upstream module, and is configured to engage with and detach from the downstream module. The upstream module, the downstream module, and the intermediate module assembly are configured to be assembled into a first configuration of the system.In the first configuration of the system, the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module assembly and is engaged with it, the intermediate module assembly is located upstream of the downstream module and is engaged with it, the gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the gas outlet of the downstream module, and the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the first gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module.

[0008] The gas delivery system is primarily modular. This allows the system to take up less space during storage or transportation. Furthermore, if a system module is damaged, only the damaged module needs to be replaced, rather than the entire system.

[0009] The system may be designed to deliver gas to at least one subject, such as multiple subjects. Each subject may be a non-human animal, such as a mouse. Thus, the system may be designed to deliver gas to at least one non-human animal, such as multiple non-human animals. The system may be designed to simultaneously deliver gas to multiple subjects, such as multiple non-human animals. As used herein, the term "subject" may refer to a non-human animal.

[0010] The system can be advantageously designed to deliver gas to multiple subjects simultaneously. This may make the system more efficient for tests in which gas must be delivered to multiple subjects.

[0011] The first configuration of the system may be an operational configuration. That is, when the system is in the first system configuration, the system can be used to deliver gas to at least one subject. During use, gas may be transferred from the gas inlet, along the first gas delivery flow path, through the first gas delivery outlet, and then to the subject. This gas may be referred to as the delivered gas. Concurrently, gas may be transferred from the gas inlet, along the gas flow path, and through the gas outlet of a downstream module. This gas may be referred to as the exhaust gas.

[0012] In the first system configuration, the gas flow path may pass through at least a portion of the intermediate module assembly. In the first system configuration, the gas flow path may pass through at least a portion of the first intermediate module.

[0013] In the first system configuration, the upstream module, the first intermediate module, and the downstream module can be aligned, for example, longitudinally. In the first system configuration, the upstream module, the intermediate module assembly, and the downstream module can be aligned, for example, longitudinally. Advantageously, the alignment of the various system modules can allow these modules to be supported on the same surface. Furthermore, the alignment of the various system modules can allow the system to occupy less space during use than if the modules were not aligned.

[0014] The intermediate module node may contain a second intermediate module. The system can be used with or without the second intermediate module. Advantageously, providing a second intermediate module allows the system to accommodate more subjects at a time, thus being more efficient in delivering gas to a large number of subjects.

[0015] The second intermediate module may be configured to be engaged with and disengaged from the first intermediate module. The first intermediate module may be configured to be engaged with and disengaged from an upstream module. The second intermediate module may be configured to be engaged with and disengaged from an upstream module. The second intermediate module may be configured to be engaged with and disengaged from a downstream module. This may advantageously allow the second intermediate module to be used instead of the first intermediate module in the first system configuration, for example, in the event of damage to the first intermediate module.

[0016] The second intermediate module may comprise a second gas delivery outlet. Advantageously, if both the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are used simultaneously, this may allow gas to be simultaneously delivered to the first subject through the first gas delivery outlet and to the second subject through the second gas delivery outlet.

[0017] The second intermediate module may be structurally identical to the first intermediate module. The second intermediate module may be structurally identical to the first intermediate module, allowing the first and second intermediate modules to be used interchangeably in the system. This advantageously allows the second intermediate module to be used in place of the first intermediate module in the first system configuration, for example, if the first intermediate module is damaged.

[0018] The system may be configured to be assembled into a second system configuration. The second system configuration may be an operational configuration. That is, when the system is in the second system configuration, the system may be used to deliver gas to at least one subject.

[0019] In the second system configuration, the upstream module may be located upstream of the intermediate module assembly. In the second system configuration, the upstream module may be engaged with the intermediate module assembly. In the second system configuration, the upstream module may be located upstream of one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module. In the second system configuration, the intermediate module assembly may be located upstream of the downstream module. In the second system configuration, the intermediate module assembly may be engaged with the downstream module.In a second configuration of the system, one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module may be located upstream of the module located downstream.

[0020] In the second system configuration, the gas flow path may be formed from a gas inlet located upstream of the module to a gas outlet located downstream of the module.

[0021] In the second configuration of the system, the first gas flow delivery path may be formed from a gas inlet of an upstream module to a first gas delivery outlet of a first intermediate module.

[0022] In the second configuration of the system, the second gas flow delivery path may be formed from the gas inlet of the module located upstream of the flow to the second gas delivery outlet of the second intermediate module.

[0023] In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module can be arranged in series. In the second system configuration, all intermediate modules of the intermediate module node can be arranged in series. Such configurations are called sequential system configurations.

[0024] In the second configuration of the system, the upstream module may be located upstream of the first intermediate module and engaged with it.

[0025] In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module may be located upstream of the second intermediate module. In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module may be engaged with the second intermediate module. In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module may be connected to the second intermediate module via one or more additional intermediate modules of the intermediate module assembly. One or more additional intermediate modules may be located downstream of the first intermediate module. One or more additional intermediate modules may be located upstream of the second intermediate module.

[0026] Advantageously, the number of intermediate modules used in the second system configuration can be changed to suit the number of subjects used in a particular trial.

[0027] In the second system configuration, the second intermediate module may be located upstream of the downstream module. In the second system configuration, the second intermediate module may be engaged with the downstream module.

[0028] In the second system configuration, the gas flow path may pass through at least a portion of the intermediate module assembly. In the second system configuration, the gas flow path may pass through at least a portion of one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module. In the second system configuration, the gas flow path may pass through at least a portion of the first intermediate module and then, further downstream, through at least a portion of the second intermediate module.

[0029] In the second system configuration, the second gas flow delivery path may pass through at least a portion of the intermediate module assembly. In the second system configuration, the second gas flow delivery path may pass through at least a portion of the first intermediate module.

[0030] In the second system configuration, the upstream module and the intermediate module assembly can be aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction. In the second system configuration, the upstream module and the first intermediate module can be aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction. In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module can be aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction. In the second system configuration, the second intermediate module and the downstream module can be aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction. In the second system configuration, the intermediate module assembly and the downstream module can be aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0031] The longitudinal alignment of the intermediate modules of the intermediate module assembly allows the gas delivery outlets of the intermediate modules to be aligned. This can speed up and simplify the connection of subjects to the gas delivery outlets.

[0032] In the second system configuration, the first gas delivery outlet can be aligned with the second gas delivery outlet, for example, longitudinally. This can advantageously speed up and simplify the connection of subjects to the gas delivery outlets.

[0033] In the second configuration of the system, the first gas delivery outlet may be located at a distance of at least 100, 150 or 200 millimeters from the second gas delivery outlet, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0034] Advantageously, a greater distance between the gas delivery ports may allow larger subjects to be connected to the system. Alternatively, or additionally, a greater distance between the gas delivery ports may allow for easier handling of subjects, for example, during connection and disconnection from the system.

[0035] In the second configuration of the system, the first gas delivery outlet may be located at a distance of less than 1000, 750, 500, or 300 millimeters from the second gas delivery outlet, for example, in the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, a shorter distance between the gas delivery outlets may allow more subjects to be connected to the system in a given space. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to minimize the length of the intermediate modules (and thus use a shorter distance between the gas delivery outlets of the intermediate module), since if the system is used to deliver an aerosol, the aerosol concentration in the system may be less spatially uniform over a longer path length, especially if the aerosol flow rate or system pressure is low.

[0036] In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module can be arranged in parallel. This configuration can be called a parallel system configuration.

[0037] In the second system configuration, an upstream module may be engaged with multiple intermediate modules, for example, each intermediate module of an intermediate module assembly. In the second system configuration, the upstream module may be engaged with one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module.

[0038] In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module can be located neither upstream nor downstream of the second intermediate module. In the second system configuration, each intermediate module can be located neither upstream nor downstream of every other intermediate module.

[0039] In the second system configuration, multiple intermediate modules, for example, each intermediate module of an intermediate module assembly, may be engaged with a downstream module. In the second system configuration, one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module may be engaged with the downstream module.

[0040] In the second configuration of the system, multiple gas flow paths may be formed from a gas inlet of an upstream module, through at least a portion of an intermediate module assembly, and optionally to a gas outlet of a downstream module. In the second configuration of the system, the first gas flow path may be formed from a gas inlet of an upstream module, through a first intermediate module, and optionally to a gas outlet of a downstream module. In the second configuration of the system, the second gas flow path may be formed from a gas inlet of an upstream module, through a second intermediate module, and optionally to a gas outlet of a downstream module.

[0041] In a second system configuration, the system may form one or more parallel gas flow paths, wherein these gas flow paths extend from the gas inlet of an upstream module, through several intermediate modules of the intermediate module assembly, and optionally to the gas outlet of a downstream module. Advantageously, the parallel gas flow paths may extend through several intermediate modules. This may allow the system to be connected to more entities simultaneously.

[0042] In the second system configuration, the first gas flow delivery path may be formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the first gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module. In the second system configuration, the second gas flow delivery path may be formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the second gas delivery outlet of the second intermediate module. In the second system configuration, the second gas flow delivery path may not pass through the first intermediate module.

[0043] In the second system configuration, the upstream module and the intermediate module assembly may be aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction. In the second system configuration, multiple intermediate modules, for example, each intermediate module, of the intermediate module assembly may be aligned, for example, in the transverse direction. The transverse direction may be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In the second system configuration, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module may be aligned, for example, in the transverse direction. In the second system configuration, the intermediate module assembly and the downstream module may be aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0044] Advantageously aligning the intermediate modules of the intermediate module assembly in a transverse direction can provide essentially opposite gas delivery outlets on both sides of the system. This can allow subjects to be connected to the system from both sides, allowing for the connection of more subjects to the system than would otherwise be possible.

[0045] In the second configuration of the system, the first gas delivery outlet may be aligned with the second gas delivery outlet, for example, in a transverse direction.

[0046] The system can be configured to be assembled into a serial system configuration, for example, in which the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are arranged in series, and also configured to be assembled into a parallel system configuration, in which the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are arranged in parallel.

[0047] Advantageously, a system that is configured to be assembled into a serial system configuration or a parallel system configuration can provide the system operator with greater flexibility to accommodate a larger number of subjects.

[0048] The serial system configuration may be the second system configuration described above. The parallel system configuration may be the second system configuration described above. Thus, the features described above with respect to the second system configuration may be applied to one or both of the serial system configuration and the parallel system configuration.

[0049] A system may contain one or more adapters, such as one or both of an upstream adapter and a downstream adapter. The adapter or adapters may allow the system to be configured in a series configuration or a parallel configuration.

[0050] The upstream adapter may be configured to be engaged with and detached from the upstream module. The upstream adapter may be configured to be engaged with and detached from the intermediate module assembly. In any operating configuration of the system, the upstream adapter may be located downstream of the upstream module and upstream of the intermediate module assembly. In a parallel system configuration, the upstream adapter may split the gas flow path from the upstream module into two or more gas flow paths. Advantageously, such a parallel system configuration may allow more entities to be connected to the system in a given space.

[0051] The downstream adapter may be configured to engage and detach with a downstream module. The downstream adapter may be configured to engage and detach with an intermediate module assembly. In any operating configuration of the system, the downstream adapter may be located downstream of the intermediate module assembly and upstream of the downstream module. In a parallel system configuration, the downstream adapter may combine two or more gas flow paths from the intermediate module assembly into a smaller number of gas flow paths, such as a single gas flow path. This may advantageously mean that only one downstream module is required.This can reduce the cost of the system, particularly if the downstream module contains or is engaged with a venting unit to provide or pass gas flow through the system, or a pressure regulating mechanism to regulate the pressure in the system.

[0052] The system may be configured to deliver gas to a first subject or a first plurality of subjects via intratracheal delivery. The system may be configured to deliver gas to a second subject or a second plurality of subjects via nasal delivery. The system may be configured to simultaneously deliver gas to at least one subject via intratracheal delivery and to at least one subject via nasal delivery.

[0053] The system can advantageously deliver gas via intratracheal delivery, nasal delivery, or both intratracheal and nasal delivery simultaneously. This provides flexibility for the system operator in choosing the method of gas delivery to subjects.

[0054] The system may comprise an intratracheal delivery component. The system may comprise a nasal delivery component. The intratracheal delivery component may be configured to engage and detach from one or both of the first gas delivery outlet and the second gas delivery outlet to provide gas delivery to a first subject via intratracheal delivery. The intratracheal delivery component may be intended for intubation of the subject. The nasal delivery component may be configured to engage and detach from the other or both of the first gas delivery outlet and the second gas delivery outlet to provide gas delivery to a second subject via nasal delivery. The nasal delivery component may be intended to accommodate or contain the subject.

[0055] Essentially, each gas delivery outlet can be configured to engage and detach an intratracheal delivery component and a nasal delivery component. This allows the system operator to decide which delivery component should be engaged with each gas delivery outlet.

[0056] The first intermediate module comprises a first additional gas delivery outlet. In one or both of the first and second system configurations, or in fact in any operating configuration of the system, an additional gas flow path may be formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the first additional gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module. This advantageously allows gas to be delivered to two subjects via the first intermediate module.

[0057] The first additional gas delivery outlet may be aligned with the first gas delivery outlet, for example, longitudinally. Advantageously, aligning the first additional gas delivery outlet with the first gas delivery outlet may result in these outlets being aligned to facilitate faster and easier connection of subjects to the outlets.

[0058] The first additional gas delivery outlet may be located at least 100, 150, or 200 millimeters from the first gas delivery outlet, for example, in the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, a greater distance between the gas delivery outlets may allow larger subjects to be connected to the system. Alternatively, or additionally, a greater distance between the gas delivery outlets may facilitate handling of subjects, for example, during connection and disconnection from the system.

[0059] The first additional gas delivery outlet may be located at a distance of less than 1000, 750, 500, or 300 millimeters from the first gas delivery outlet, for example, in the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, a shorter distance between gas delivery outlets may allow for the connection of a larger number of subjects to the system in a given space.

[0060] The first intermediate module may comprise a main portion. The main portion may be at least partially formed by an outer wall. The main portion may be substantially tubular. The first intermediate module may define an internal lumen. The internal lumen may be at least partially formed by the main portion of the first intermediate module. The internal lumen may extend in a longitudinal direction. A gas flow path may pass through the internal lumen. A second gas flow path may pass through the internal lumen. The second gas flow path may partially pass through the internal lumen.

[0061] The first intermediate module may comprise a first gas delivery outlet structure. At least a portion of the first gas delivery outlet structure may form a first gas delivery outlet. At least a portion of the first gas delivery outlet structure may be located upstream of the first gas delivery outlet. The first gas delivery outlet structure may extend outward from the outer wall of the first intermediate module. Advantageously, the first gas delivery outlet structure may facilitate connection of a subject to the first intermediate module.

[0062] The first gas delivery outlet may be configured to engage with the intratracheal delivery component. The first gas delivery outlet may be configured to engage with the nasal delivery component. The first gas delivery outlet may be configured to engage with either the intratracheal delivery component or the nasal delivery component.

[0063] The first gas delivery outlet structure may extend from the outer wall in the direction of the first gas delivery outlet structure. The longitudinal direction and the structural direction of the first gas delivery outlet may be non-parallel. The angle between the longitudinal direction and the structural direction of the first gas delivery outlet may be at least 15 degrees or 30 degrees. The angle between the longitudinal direction and the structural direction of the first gas delivery outlet may be no more than 90 degrees or 75 degrees. The angle may be measured between the first gas delivery outlet and a point in the internal lumen located along the gas flow path and downstream from the inlet region of the first gas delivery outlet structure.

[0064] A predominantly angle of at least 15 or 30 degrees may indicate that more space is provided for the subject connected to the first gas delivery outlet. This is because the subject will be facing away from the module, rather than parallel to the module.

[0065] At least a portion of the first intermediate module, such as at least a portion of the main body or outer wall, may be transparent or translucent. This may advantageously allow the system operator to see inside the intermediate module. In the case of visible gas flow, this may allow the system operator to see the gas flow inside the first intermediate module.

[0066] At least a portion of the first intermediate module, for example, at least a portion of the main portion or outer wall, may be formed of glass, such as transparent or translucent glass. Preferably, the glass is relatively rigid, inert, and may be transparent or translucent.

[0067] A first portion, for example, a first end, of the first intermediate module may comprise a first engagement means. A second portion, for example, a second end, of the first intermediate module may comprise a second engagement means. The first end and the second end may be opposite ends of the first intermediate module. An internal clearance may be formed from the first end to the second end. Each intermediate module may comprise a first and a second engagement means, similar to the first intermediate module. The first engagement means of any particular intermediate module may be configured to engage with the second engagement means of any other intermediate module. Each first engagement means may be one of a male engagement means and a female engagement means, and each second engagement means may be the other of a male engagement means and a female engagement means.The male and female engagement means may be configured to engage with each other, for example to engage modules with each other.

[0068] By way of example, the first engagement means may comprise or be an internal screw thread, and the second engagement means may comprise or be an external screw thread. In use, two intermediate modules may be engaged by engaging the internal screw thread of one intermediate module with the external screw thread of the other intermediate module. However, other engagement means are also possible. For example, a snap-fit ​​connection or an interference fit between the modules may be used.

[0069] Advantageously, this can allow each intermediate module to be engaged with any other intermediate module.

[0070] The upstream module may comprise an upstream module engagement means for engaging one or either of the first and second engagement means of the intermediate module. The downstream module may comprise an upstream module engagement means for engaging another or either of the first and second engagement means of the intermediate module. The features described with respect to the engagement means of the intermediate modules may be applicable to one or both of the upstream module engagement means and the downstream module engagement means.

[0071] The engagement means of the upstream module may be one of the male or female engagement means, and the engagement means of the downstream module may be the other of the male and female engagement means. As an example, the engagement means of the upstream module may comprise or be an internal screw thread, and the engagement means of the downstream module may comprise or be an external screw thread.

[0072] Advantageously, this can allow any intermediate module to engage with an upstream module or a downstream module.

[0073] One or both of the upstream module engagement means and the downstream module engagement means may comprise a clamping surface. One or both of the first engagement means and the second engagement means of one or more intermediate modules, for example, the first intermediate module, the second intermediate module, or each intermediate module, may comprise a clamping surface. The gas delivery system, for example, any engagement means of the gas delivery system, may comprise at least one clamp. The gas delivery system may comprise at least one clamp for each pair of clamping surfaces of the system.

[0074] When used, the clamp or clamps can press adjacent clamping surfaces of the system modules. For example, in a configuration such as the second system configuration, the first clamp can press the clamping surface of the engaging means of an upstream module against the clamping surface of the first engaging means of the first module, the second clamp can press the clamping surface of the second engaging means of the first module against the clamping surface of the first engaging means of the second intermediate module, and the third clamp can press the clamping surface of the second engaging means of the second intermediate module against the clamping surface of the engaging means of the downstream module. Thus, the clamp or clamps can ensure the engagement of different modules with each other.

[0075] Advantageously, the clamps can provide a reliable and safe way to engage modules with each other.

[0076] An upstream module or component configured to engage with an upstream module may be configured to allow a gas flow to pass through the gas inlet at a predetermined pressure. The upstream module or component configured to engage with an upstream module may be configured to allow a gas flow to pass through the gas inlet at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. This pressure may be at least 10 or 30 pascals above atmospheric pressure. This pressure may be no more than 50 or 30 pascals above atmospheric pressure. This pressure may be from 0 to 50, for example from 10 to 30, pascals above atmospheric pressure. This pressure may cause gas to flow through the system.That is, this pressure can force one or more gas streams along a gas flow path: the first delivered gas stream along a first gas flow path, and the second delivered gas stream along a second gas flow path. Advantageously, if the gas delivery system is used to deliver an aerosol, a pressure above atmospheric pressure can allow the system to achieve a more spatially uniform aerosol concentration within the system.

[0077] The upstream module may comprise a first inlet for introducing a first substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet. The first substance may be an aerosol or may form an aerosol after being drawn into the gas stream from the gas inlet. Advantageously, the first inlet may allow the system operator to introduce a first substance, such as an aerosol or a gaseous medication, into the gas stream and thereby deliver the first substance to one or more subjects connected to the system.

[0078] The upstream module may comprise a second inlet for introducing a second substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet. Advantageously, the second inlet may allow the system operator to introduce a second substance, such as a gaseous anesthetic, into the gas stream and thereby deliver the second substance to one or more subjects connected to the system. It may be particularly advantageous for the upstream module to comprise both the first inlet and the second inlet, as this may allow the system operator to deliver two substances, such as a gaseous drug and a gaseous anesthetic, to each subject simultaneously.

[0079] The system may include a pressure sensor, such as a pressure gauge, to detect system pressure. A downstream module may include a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor may detect the pressure in the downstream module. The pressure sensor may include or be a pressure meter, such as a pressure gauge, to detect and display system pressure. Advantageously, the pressure sensor can enable the system operator to ensure the system operates at the optimal pressure.

[0080] The system may include a pressure adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure in the system, for example, in the intermediate module assembly or in the first or second intermediate modules. This may advantageously allow the system operator to conduct tests at different pressures in the system. As described in more detail in connection with the fourth aspect of the present invention, the system may include a pressure adjustment mechanism even if the system is not a modular system.

[0081] The system may include a pressure adjustment mechanism for adjusting the system pressure while the system is in use to deliver gas to one or more subjects. It may be particularly advantageous to be able to adjust the system pressure while the system is in use to deliver gas to one or more subjects. This may allow the system operator to conduct tests in which the pressure varies during the test.

[0082] A downstream module may contain a pressure regulation mechanism.

[0083] The pressure adjustment mechanism may be a manual pressure adjustment mechanism configured to allow the user to manually set the pressure for the system, for example, before using the system to deliver gas to one or more subjects. The pressure adjustment mechanism may be a manual pressure adjustment mechanism configured to allow the user to manually adjust the pressure in the system, for example, during use of the system to deliver gas to one or more subjects. Advantageously, the manual pressure adjustment mechanism can be reliable and easy to operate.

[0084] The pressure adjustment mechanism may be an automatic pressure adjustment mechanism configured to automatically adjust the pressure in the system, for example, during use of the system to deliver gas to one or more subjects. Advantageously, the automatic pressure adjustment mechanism can allow for more precise pressure adjustment than a manual pressure adjustment mechanism.

[0085] The pressure regulation mechanism may be a hybrid pressure regulation mechanism. The hybrid pressure regulation mechanism may be configured to switch between a manual state and an automatic state. In the manual state, the hybrid pressure regulation mechanism may allow the user to manually set the pressure for the system, for example, before using the system to deliver gas to one or more subjects. In the automatic state, the hybrid pressure regulation mechanism may automatically adjust the pressure in the system, for example, during use of the system to deliver gas to one or more subjects.

[0086] When using the system to deliver gas to one or more subjects, the pressure regulation mechanism can be configured to maintain the pressure in the system, for example, in the intermediate module assembly, or in one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module, within a predetermined pressure range. This can advantageously allow for better control of gas flow rates through the system, thereby ensuring more stable gas delivery to subjects.

[0087] The pressure regulating mechanism may be configured to maintain the pressure within a predetermined pressure range based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor.

[0088] The specified pressure range may be higher than the atmospheric pressure. The specified pressure range may have an upper limit of no more than 50 or 30 pascals above the atmospheric pressure. The specified pressure range may have a lower limit of no less than 0 or 10 pascals above the atmospheric pressure. Thus, the specified pressure range may be from 0 to 50 pascals above the atmospheric pressure, or from 10 to 30 pascals above the atmospheric pressure. The pressure values ​​​​mentioned in this paragraph refer to the total pressure, not static pressure or dynamic pressure. Advantageously, if the system is used to deliver an aerosol to one or more subjects, maintaining the pressure in the system above the atmospheric pressure can ensure a more spatially uniform aerosol concentration in the system.Furthermore, the inventors have found that the specific pressure ranges specified above can provide a spatially uniform aerosol concentration in the system and provide optimal gas flow rates through the gas delivery outlets of the intermediate modules.

[0089] The pressure regulation mechanism may include a pressure regulation component. The pressure regulation component may define an orifice. The pressure regulation component may be movable, for example, during use of the system for delivering gas to one or more subjects, to change the size of the orifice. This advantageously provides a simple and reliable method for adjusting the pressure in the system.

[0090] The pressure adjustment component may be configured to move, for example during use of the system for delivering gas to one or more subjects, between a first position in which the opening has a first size and a second position in which the opening has a second size different from the first size.

[0091] The pressure adjustment component may comprise a plurality of lamellas. The plurality of lamellas may define an opening defined by the pressure adjustment component. At least one, for example, each, of the plurality of lamellas may be movable, for example, during use of the system for delivering gas to one or more subjects, to change the size of the opening. For example, moving the lamellas may cause the pressure adjustment component to move between a first position and a second position and change the size of the opening between a first size and a second size. The gas flow path may pass through the opening. The gas outlet of a downstream module may comprise or be the opening.Advantageously, the pressure regulating component forming the orifice and the orifice representing the gas outlet of the downstream module can provide a convenient way to regulate the pressure in the system.

[0092] A plurality of plates may be arranged in an iris arrangement. Each of the plurality of plates may be movable between a first plate position and a second plate position. When each of the plurality of plates is in the first plate position, the pressure adjustment component may be in the first position. When each of the plurality of plates is in the second plate position, the pressure adjustment component may be in the second position. Thus, moving each of the plates from the first plate position to the second plate position may result in adjusting the aperture size from the first size to the second size.

[0093] In one or both of the first position and the second position of the pressure adjustment component, each plate of the plurality of plates can overlap at least one other plate of the plurality of plates. When each plate is in one or the other of the first plate position and the second plate position, each plate of the plurality of plates can overlap at least one other plate of the plurality of plates.

[0094] The first aperture dimension may be smaller than the second aperture dimension. The aperture may have a center. Each of the plurality of plates may comprise a curved surface, such as a concave curved surface. The curved surfaces of the plates may collectively form the aperture.

[0095] Each of the plurality of plates may be configured to move further from the center of the opening, for example, in a radial direction directly therefrom, to move the pressure regulating component from a first position to a second position. Each of the plurality of plates may be configured to move further from the center of the opening, for example, in a radial direction directly therefrom, to move from the first position of the plate to the second position of the plate.

[0096] Each of the plurality of plates may be configured to move closer to the center of the opening, for example, in a radial direction directly thereto, to move from the second position of the plate to the first position of the plate. Each of the plurality of plates may be configured to move closer to the center of the opening, for example, in a radial direction directly thereto, to move the pressure adjustment component from the second position to the first position.

[0097] Each of the plurality of plates may be configured to rotate to move the pressure adjustment component between a first position and a second position. Each of the plurality of plates may be configured to rotate to move between the first plate position and the second plate position.

[0098] The pressure control component may be configured to move to a third position in which the opening is closed. A plurality of lamellas may be configured to move to the third lamella position to move the pressure control component to the third position. Thus, the plurality of lamellas may be configured to move to the third lamella position to close the opening. This may advantageously protect the system from contaminants or other debris, for example, when the system is not in use.

[0099] The pressure regulation component can be removed and reinstalled. This advantageously allows the pressure regulation component to be removed and thoroughly cleaned after each experiment, and then reinstalled for the next experiment. Thorough cleaning of the pressure regulation component reduces the risk of system contamination.

[0100] The pressure control component can be designed to be engaged and detached from the system, such as a downstream module. This advantageously allows for replacement if the pressure control component is damaged. Furthermore, this can simplify the removal and reinstallation of the pressure control component, as this can be accomplished away from the rest of the system.

[0101] The pressure adjustment mechanism may include an iris diaphragm. An iris diaphragm is sometimes referred to as a chamber aperture. A person skilled in the art is familiar with the operation of an iris diaphragm. The pressure adjustment component may be or include an iris diaphragm. The iris diaphragm may form an opening. The iris diaphragm may comprise multiple plates. The plates of the iris diaphragm may be movable as described above. Advantageously, the iris diaphragm can be easily removed and reinstalled. This allows the iris diaphragm to be removed and thoroughly cleaned after an experiment, and then reinstalled for the next experiment. Thorough cleaning of the iris diaphragm can reduce the likelihood of contamination of the system.

[0102] The pressure adjustment component may comprise a first plate. The first plate may comprise a first opening. The pressure adjustment component may comprise a second plate. The second plate may comprise a second opening. The first plate may contact the second plate. In one or more positions of the first plate and the second plate, the first opening and the second opening may partially or completely coincide, forming an opening passing through the first plate and the second plate.

[0103] The opening passing through the first plate and the second plate may be an opening formed by the pressure regulating component described above. The gas flow path may pass through the opening. The gas outlet of the downstream module may comprise or be the opening.

[0104] The first plate may be movable, for example, in one or more of translational and rotational motions, relative to the second plate. The first plate may be movable relative to the second plate during use of the system for delivering gas to one or more subjects. The first plate may be movable relative to the second plate to change the size of the opening. The first plate may be movable relative to the second plate between a first position in which the opening has a first size and a second position in which the opening has a second size different from the first size.

[0105] Advantageously, such a pressure regulating component can provide a simple and reliable method for regulating system pressure. Furthermore, such a pressure regulating component can be relatively easy to remove for cleaning and reinstall for reuse. Furthermore, such a pressure regulating component can advantageously have relatively few moving parts and are therefore less likely to fail than other, more complex pressure regulating components with many moving parts.

[0106] The first plate may comprise a first plurality of openings. The first plurality of openings may comprise a first opening. The second plate may comprise a second plurality of openings. The second plurality of openings may comprise a second opening. In one or more positions of the first plate and the second plate, multiple pairs of openings may partially or completely coincide to form multiple openings extending through the first plate and the second plate, wherein each pair of openings includes an opening from the first plurality of openings and an opening from the second plurality of openings. As will be understood by one skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, the features described with respect to the opening of the pressure regulation component may be applicable to each opening of the plurality of openings described herein.

[0107] The first plate may be movable relative to the second plate to change the size of each of the plurality of openings. The first plate may be movable relative to the second plate between a first position in which each of the plurality of openings has a first size, and a second position in which each of the plurality of openings has a second size different from the first size.

[0108] During use, for example, during use of the system for delivering gas to one or more subjects, one of the first plate and the second plate may be held in a stationary state. During use, only one of the first plate and the second plate may move relative to one or more other components of the system. For example, during use, only one of the first plate and the second plate may move relative to one or more of the upstream module, the intermediate module assembly, and the downstream module. During use, one of the first plate and the second plate may be fixed relative to one or more other components of the system. For example, during use, one of the first plate and the second plate may be fixed relative to one or more of the upstream module, the intermediate module assembly, and the downstream module.Primarily by ensuring that relative movement between the first plate and the second plate is limited to movement of only one of the first and second plates, the number of moving parts in the pressure control component can be minimized. This may mean that the failure rate of the pressure control component is lower than that of other, more complex pressure control components with many moving parts.

[0109] The pressure regulation mechanism may include a processor. When in use, the processor may receive input from a pressure sensor. In use, the processor may control the movement of the pressure regulation component, for example, to adjust the size of an orifice. Advantageously, the processor may be used to automate the movement of the pressure regulation component to regulate the pressure in the system, for example, during use of the system for delivering gas to one or more subjects. Furthermore, by receiving input from the pressure sensor, the processor may be able to move the pressure regulation component and receive real-time feedback on how the pressure in the system has changed as a result. This may enable more precise control of the pressure in the system.

[0110] When used, the processor may use input data from the pressure sensor to maintain the pressure in the system, such as in the intermediate module assembly or in one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module, within a predetermined pressure range, such as one of the predetermined pressure ranges specified above.

[0111] When used, the processor may use input data from the pressure sensor to control the movement of a pressure regulating component to maintain the pressure in the system, such as in the intermediate module assembly or in one or both of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module, within a predetermined pressure range, such as one of the predetermined pressure ranges specified above.

[0112] The system may comprise a suction unit. The suction unit may be configured to be engaged with and detached from the system. The suction unit may be configured to be engaged with and detached from a downstream module. In one or both of the first system configuration and the second configuration, the suction unit may be located downstream of the downstream module. The suction unit may be designed to provide or pass a gas flow from a gas inlet to a gas outlet. When used, the suction unit may provide suction downstream of the gas outlet. This may provide or pass a gas flow from the gas inlet to the gas outlet. The suction unit may ensure that the gas from the gas inlet is ultimately directed to an appropriate location.

[0113] The system may comprise a divider for separating the exhaust unit from a downstream module, for example, in a longitudinal direction. In one or both of the first system configuration and the second configuration, the divider may be engaged with the downstream module, and the exhaust unit may be engaged with the divider. In one or both of the first system configuration and the second configuration, the divider may be engaged with the downstream module, and the exhaust unit may be engaged with the divider, whereby the divider separates the exhaust unit from the downstream module.

[0114] The separator may be substantially tubular. The separator may comprise a substantially tubular main portion. The separator or the tubular main portion of the separator may comprise a first open end and a second open end. The first open end may be opposite the second open end. The separator or the tubular main portion of the separator may form an internal lumen, for example, from the first open end to the second open end. The separator or the tubular main portion of the separator, or the internal lumen of the separator, may form a longitudinal flow path, for example, from the first open end to the second open end. The longitudinal flow path may be located in the substantially tubular main portion.In one or both of the first system configuration and the second configuration, the divider may be engaged with a downstream module and the exhaust unit may be engaged with the divider, causing air to flow from the downstream module assembly through the internal lumen or longitudinal flow path.

[0115] The separator may comprise one or more openings. One or more openings may extend in a radial direction. One or more openings may extend radially through the substantially tubular main portion. One or more openings may extend from the outside of the separator or the substantially tubular main portion to the internal lumen or longitudinal flow path. One or more openings may extend at least 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 millimeters in the longitudinal direction. One or more openings may extend no more than 200, 150, 100, or 75 millimeters in the longitudinal direction.

[0116] In one or both of the first system configuration and the second system configuration, the separator may be engaged with a downstream module, and the exhaust unit may be engaged with the separator, whereby the exhaust unit is configured to draw air from the atmosphere through one or more openings and simultaneously allow air from the gas inlet to flow through the system. The air drawn from the atmosphere may be different from the air flowing through the system, for example, from the intermediate module assembly. That is, these may be two different flow paths. These flow paths may be combined in a separator or a substantially tubular main part. Advantageously, the exhaust unit may allow the pressure in the system, for example, in the intermediate module assembly, to remain stable even if the intake pressure fluctuates.

[0117] The separator may be configured to separate the exhaust unit from the downstream module by at least 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 millimeters. For example, in an operating configuration such as in one or both of the first system configuration and the second system configuration, the separator may separate the exhaust unit from the downstream module by at least 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 millimeters.

[0118] The separator may be configured to separate the exhaust unit from the downstream module by no more than 200, 150, 100, 75, or 50 millimeters. For example, in an operating configuration such as in one or both of the first system configuration and the second system configuration, the separator may separate the exhaust unit from the downstream module by no more than 200, 150, 100, 75, or 50 millimeters.

[0119] The inventors have discovered that the above-mentioned distances and lengths of at least one opening are particularly advantageous when used as part of a gas delivery system. This is because if the distance or length is too great, gas from the gas delivery system, for example, from an upstream module or intermediate module assembly of the system, may leak from at least one opening during use. However, if the distance is too small, the draw-in pressure provided by the exhaust unit may affect the pressure in the gas delivery system, for example, in the intermediate modules, more than desired. That is, if the distance is too small, the pressure in the gas delivery system, for example, in the intermediate modules, may not remain stable if the draw-in pressure fluctuates.

[0120] Each intratracheal or nasal delivery component may contain or be coupled to a sampler for sampling the gas or aerosol delivered through the intratracheal or nasal delivery component. This advantageously allows for accurate assessment of the doses of specific substances delivered to subjects through the delivery component.

[0121] One or more gas delivery outlets or the structure of each gas delivery outlet may comprise or be engaged with a sampler for sampling the gas or aerosol delivered through the gas delivery outlet. This can advantageously enable an accurate assessment of the doses of specific substances delivered to subjects through the gas delivery outlet.

[0122] A system, such as an upstream module, may comprise or be engaged with an upstream sampler for sampling a gas or aerosol flowing through or near the upstream module. A system, such as a downstream module, may comprise or be engaged with a downstream sampler for sampling a gas or aerosol flowing through or near the downstream module. It may be particularly advantageous for the system to comprise both an upstream sampler and a downstream sampler. This is because they can be used to determine whether the concentration of a particular substance, such as the concentration of an aerosol, is uniform throughout the length of the system.

[0123] The intermediate module assembly may comprise a first intermediate module and one or more additional intermediate modules. The intermediate module assembly may comprise at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 intermediate modules in addition to the first intermediate module. One of these additional intermediate modules may be the second intermediate module.

[0124] The features described with respect to the first intermediate module may be applicable to the second intermediate module or to any other intermediate module of the intermediate module node.

[0125] The features described with respect to the second intermediate module may be applicable to the first intermediate module or to any other intermediate module of the intermediate module node.

[0126] Each intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly may be configured to be engaged with and detached from each other intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly.

[0127] Each intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly may be configured to engage and detach from an upstream module.

[0128] Each intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly may be configured to engage and detach from a module located further downstream.

[0129] Each intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly can be structurally identical to every other intermediate module. Each intermediate module can be structurally identical to every other intermediate module, allowing intermediate modules to be used interchangeably. This advantageously allows any intermediate module to be used in place of another intermediate module, for example, in the event of damage to an intermediate module.

[0130] At least one intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly may be designed for intratracheal delivery of gas to a first subject. This intermediate module may comprise an intratracheal delivery component, or it is configured to engage therewith or is engaged therewith, for intratracheal delivery of gas to the first subject.

[0131] At least one intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly may be designed for nasal delivery of gas to a second subject. This intermediate module may comprise a nasal delivery component, or be configured to engage therewith or be engaged therewith, for nasal delivery of gas to the second subject.

[0132] Advantageously, if the system comprises an intermediate module for intratracheal delivery and an intermediate module for nasal delivery, the system may be capable of simultaneously delivering gas to the first subject via intratracheal delivery and delivering gas to the second subject via nasal delivery. This may advantageously allow for a fairer trial comparing intratracheal and nasal delivery, since other variables, such as the concentration of any particular drug in the delivered gas stream, are more likely to be constant in a single trial allowing for both delivery types than in two trials each allowing only one delivery type.

[0133] Also provided is a method for using or assembling the system described above, for example, the system according to the second aspect. The method may include engaging an upstream module with an intermediate module assembly. The method may include engaging a downstream module with the intermediate module assembly. The method may include engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with the intermediate module assembly such that the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module assembly and is in engagement with it. The method may include engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with the intermediate module assembly such that the intermediate module assembly is located upstream of the downstream module and is in engagement with it.The method may include engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly such that a gas flow path is formed from a gas inlet of the upstream module to a gas outlet of the downstream module. The method may include engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly such that a first gas delivery path is formed from a gas inlet of the upstream module to a first gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module.

[0134] Thus, according to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for using or assembling the system described above, for example, the system according to the second aspect.The method includes engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly in such a way that: the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module assembly and is engaged with it; the intermediate module assembly is located upstream of the downstream module and is engaged with it; the gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the gas outlet of the downstream module; and the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the first gas delivery outlet of the first intermediate module.

[0135] The method may include or be a method of assembling a system into a first system configuration or a second system configuration.

[0136] Engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly may include engaging an upstream end of the intermediate module assembly with an upstream module, such as a downstream end of an upstream module.

[0137] Engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly may include engaging a downstream end of the intermediate module assembly with a downstream module, such as an upstream end of a downstream module.

[0138] Engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly may include engaging a first intermediate module, such as an upstream end of the first intermediate module, with an upstream module, such as a downstream end of an upstream module.

[0139] Engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly may include engaging a first intermediate module, such as a downstream end of the first intermediate module, with a downstream module, such as an upstream end of a downstream module.

[0140] The intermediate module assembly may comprise a second intermediate module, as described above. In this case, engaging the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly may include engaging the first intermediate module, for example, the upstream end of the first intermediate module, with the upstream module, for example, the downstream end of the upstream module. Also in this case, engaging the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly may include engaging the second intermediate module, for example, the upstream end of the second intermediate module, with the first intermediate module, for example, the downstream end of the first intermediate module.Also in this case, the engagement of the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly may include the engagement of the second intermediate module, for example, the downstream end of the second intermediate module, with the downstream module, for example, the upstream end of the downstream module.

[0141] The intermediate module assembly may comprise a first intermediate module, one or more additional intermediate modules, and a final intermediate module. Engaging the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly may include engaging the first intermediate module, such as the upstream end of the first intermediate module, with the upstream module, such as the downstream end of the upstream module.

[0142] Engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly may include engaging each of the one or more additional intermediate modules, in turn, with the immediately upstream module thereof, until the furthest downstream module of the one or more additional intermediate modules engages the immediately upstream module thereof.

[0143] Engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly may include engaging the last intermediate module, such as the upstream end of the last intermediate module, with the furthest downstream module of the one or more additional intermediate modules, such as the downstream end of the furthest downstream module of the one or more additional intermediate modules.

[0144] Engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly may include engaging the last intermediate module, such as the downstream end of the last intermediate module, with a downstream module, such as the upstream end of the downstream module.

[0145] Engaging each of the one or more additional intermediate modules, in turn, with a module located immediately upstream of it, may include, in turn, engaging an upstream end of each of the one or more additional intermediate modules with a module located immediately upstream of it, for example, a further downstream end of a module located immediately upstream of it.

[0146] The method may include attaching a first delivery component, such as a first intratracheal delivery component or a first nasal delivery component, to a first gas delivery outlet. The method may include allowing a first subject, such as a first non-human animal, to interact with the first delivery component.

[0147] The intermediate module assembly may comprise a second intermediate module. The method may include attaching a second delivery component, such as a second intratracheal delivery component or a second nasal delivery component, to the second gas delivery outlet. The method may include enabling a second subject, such as a second non-human animal, to interact with the second delivery component.

[0148] Advantageously, the method may include assembling a system that can simultaneously deliver gas to at least one subject via intratracheal delivery and deliver gas to at least one other subject via nasal delivery.

[0149] The upstream module may comprise a first inlet for introducing a first substance into the gas stream from a gas inlet. The method may include engaging a source of the first substance with the first inlet.

[0150] The upstream module may comprise a second inlet for introducing a second substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet. The method may include engaging a source of the second substance with the second inlet.

[0151] The system may comprise an exhaust unit. The method may include engaging the exhaust unit with a downstream module.

[0152] The system may comprise a divider. The method may comprise engaging the divider with a downstream module. The method may comprise engaging the exhaust unit with the divider.

[0153] The method may include providing a gas flow along a gas flow path. The method may include providing a first delivered gas flow along a first gas flow delivery path.

[0154] The method may include providing a gas flow through a gas inlet at a predetermined pressure. The method may include providing a gas flow through the gas inlet at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, for example, at least 10 or 30 pascals higher than atmospheric pressure and / or no more than 50 or 30 pascals higher than atmospheric pressure. This pressure may be from 0 to 50, for example, from 10 to 30, pascals above atmospheric pressure. This pressure may cause gas to flow through the system. That is, this pressure may cause one or more gas streams to flow along a gas flow path, a first delivered gas stream along a first gas flow delivery path, and a second delivered gas stream along a second gas flow delivery path.

[0155] The method may include controlling the exhaust unit to provide or pass a gas flow along the gas flow path. The method may include controlling the exhaust unit to provide or pass a first delivered gas flow along the first gas flow delivery path.

[0156] The method may include introducing an anesthetic gas into the gas stream from a gas inlet, such as through a first inlet or a second inlet.

[0157] The method may include introducing a substance into a gas stream from a gas inlet, such as through a first inlet or a second inlet, to form an aerosol.

[0158] The method may include determining the pressure in the system, for example, using a pressure sensor as described above.

[0159] The method may include adjusting the pressure in the system, for example, using a pressure adjustment mechanism as described above. The method may include automatically adjusting the pressure in the system, for example, to maintain the pressure within a predetermined pressure range, as described above.

[0160] The method may include automatically adjusting the pressure in the system based on feedback from a pressure sensor. The method may include maintaining the pressure in the system within a predetermined range. The method may include automatically maintaining the pressure in the system within a predetermined range based on feedback from the pressure sensor.

[0161] As mentioned above, the system may comprise a pressure adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure in the system. Thus, according to the fourth aspect, a gas delivery system is provided for delivering gas to at least one subject, wherein the system comprises: an upstream portion comprising a gas inlet; a downstream portion comprising a gas outlet; and an intermediate portion comprising a first outlet for delivering gas. The upstream portion is located upstream of the intermediate portion, and the intermediate portion is located upstream of the downstream portion. The gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream portion to the gas outlet of the downstream portion.The first gas flow path extends from the gas inlet of the upstream section to the first gas outlet of the intermediate section. The system includes a pressure control mechanism for regulating the pressure in the system.

[0162] Advantageously, the system according to the fourth aspect can allow the system operator to regulate the pressure in the system. This can allow the system operator to better control the gas flow rate through the system.

[0163] All the features described above with respect to the pressure adjustment mechanism can be applied to the pressure adjustment mechanism according to the fourth aspect.

[0164] The features described above with respect to the downstream module or the upstream module according to the second aspect may be equally applicable to the downstream portion or the upstream portion according to the first or fourth aspect, respectively. Similarly, the features described with respect to the intermediate module assembly or one or more intermediate modules according to the second aspect may be equally applicable to the intermediate portion according to the first or fourth aspect.

[0165] Features described with respect to a system, such as the systems according to the first, second or fourth aspects, may be applicable to the methods described herein, such as the method according to the third aspect.

[0166] Features described in relation to any intermediate module may be applicable to any other intermediate module.

[0167] The features described with respect to a gas delivery outlet, such as a first gas delivery outlet, may be applicable to any or all other gas delivery outlets, such as a first additional gas delivery outlet, a second gas delivery outlet, and a second additional gas delivery outlet.

[0168] As used herein, the term "engaged with" may mean "directly engaged with." Engaged components may be connected or attached to each other. Engaged components may be in contact with each other. Engaging two components may not require additional components, such as adapters or engagement means separate from the engaged components.

[0169] As used herein, the term "longitudinal direction" may refer to the direction extending from the upstream end of a component to the downstream end of the component. Thus, with respect to an intermediate module, the term "longitudinal direction" may refer to the direction extending from the upstream end of the module to the downstream end of the module. And with respect to a system, the term "longitudinal direction" may refer to the direction extending from an upstream module to a downstream module, for example, from the upstream end of an upstream module to the downstream end of a downstream module.

[0170] The present invention is defined in the claims. However, a non-exhaustive list of non-limiting examples is provided below. Any one or more features of these examples may be combined with any one or more features of another example, embodiment, or aspect described herein.

[0171] Example Ex1. A modular gas delivery system for delivering gas to at least one subject, wherein the system comprises:

[0172] an upstream module containing a gas inlet;

[0173] a downstream module containing a gas outlet; and

[0174] an intermediate module assembly comprising a first intermediate module, wherein the first intermediate module comprises a first outlet for delivering gas,

[0175] in this case the intermediate module node:

[0176] is configured to engage with and detach from a module located upstream of the flow; and

[0177] is designed with the possibility of engagement with and detachment from a module located further downstream,

[0178] and wherein the module located upstream of the flow, the module located downstream of the flow and the intermediate module unit are configured to be assembled into a first system configuration in which:

[0179] the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module unit and is engaged with it;

[0180] the intermediate module unit is located upstream of the module located downstream and is engaged with it;

[0181] the gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the gas outlet of the downstream module; and

[0182] the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the module located upstream of the flow to the first gas outlet of the first intermediate module.

[0183] Example Ex2. The system according to example Ex1, where the system is intended for the simultaneous delivery of gas to multiple entities.

[0184] Example Ex3. A system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the system is intended for delivering gas to at least one animal other than a human.

[0185] Example Ex4. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the system is intended for the simultaneous delivery of gas to a plurality of non-human animals.

[0186] Example Ex5. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein in the first configuration of the system, the gas flow path passes through the first intermediate module.

[0187] Example Ex6. The system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein in the first configuration of the system the gas flow path passes through the intermediate module assembly.

[0188] Example Ex7. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein in the first configuration of the system, the upstream module, the first intermediate module and the downstream module are aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0189] Example Ex8. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein in the first configuration of the system, the upstream module, the intermediate module assembly, and the downstream module are aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0190] Example Ex9. The system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the intermediate module node comprises a second intermediate module.

[0191] Example Ex10. The system according to example Ex9, wherein the second intermediate module comprises a second outlet for delivering gas.

[0192] Example Ex11. The system according to example Ex9 or example Ex10, wherein the second intermediate module is configured to be engaged with and detached from the first intermediate module.

[0193] Example Ex12. The system according to any of the examples Ex9-Ex11, wherein the second intermediate module is configured to be engaged with and detached from the module located upstream.

[0194] Example Ex13. The system according to any of the examples Ex9-Ex12, wherein the second intermediate module is configured to be engaged with and detached from a module located further downstream.

[0195] Example Ex14. The system according to any of the examples Ex9-Ex13, wherein the second intermediate module is structurally identical to the first intermediate module, so that the second intermediate module and the first intermediate module are interchangeable in the system.

[0196] Example Ex15. The system according to any of the examples Ex9-Ex14, wherein the upstream module, the downstream module, and the intermediate module assembly are configured to be assembled into a second system configuration, in which:

[0197] the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module assembly and is engaged with it; and

[0198] The intermediate module unit is located upstream of the downstream module and is engaged with it.

[0199] Example Ex16. The system according to example Ex15, wherein in the second system configuration, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are arranged in series.

[0200] Example Ex17. The system according to example Ex15 or example Ex16, where in the second configuration of the system, the upstream module is located upstream of the first intermediate module and is engaged with them.

[0201] Example Ex18. The system according to any of the examples Ex15-Ex17, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the first intermediate module is located upstream of the second intermediate module and is engaged with it.

[0202] Example Ex19. The system according to any of the examples Ex15-Ex18, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the second intermediate module is located upstream of the downstream module and is engaged with it.

[0203] Example Ex20. The system according to example Ex15, where in the second system configuration, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are arranged in parallel.

[0204] Example Ex21. The system according to example Ex15 or example Ex20, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the upstream module is located upstream of the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module and is engaged with them.

[0205] Example Ex22. The system according to any of the examples Ex15, Ex20 or Ex21, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are located upstream of the downstream module and are engaged with it.

[0206] Example Ex23. The system according to any one of examples Ex9 to Ex22, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet to the gas outlet.

[0207] Example Ex24. The system according to any one of examples Ex9-Ex23, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet to the first gas delivery outlet.

[0208] Example Ex25. The system according to any one of examples Ex9-Ex24, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the second gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet to the second gas delivery outlet.

[0209] Example Ex26. The system according to example Ex23 or any of examples Ex24-Ex25, if dependent on example Ex23, where in the second configuration of the system the gas flow path passes through the first intermediate module.

[0210] Example Ex27. The system according to example Ex23 or any of examples Ex24-Ex26, if dependent on example Ex23, where in the second configuration of the system the gas flow path passes through the second intermediate module.

[0211] Example Ex28. The system according to example Ex23 or any of examples Ex24-Ex27, if dependent on example Ex23, where in the second configuration of the system the gas flow path passes through the intermediate module unit.

[0212] Example Ex29. The system according to example Ex25 or any of examples Ex26-Ex28, if dependent on example Ex25, wherein in the second configuration of the system the second gas flow delivery path passes through the first intermediate module.

[0213] Example Ex30. The system according to any one of examples Ex9 to Ex29, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the upstream module, the first intermediate module, the second intermediate module, and the downstream module are aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0214] Example Ex31. The system according to any one of the examples Ex9-Ex30, wherein in the second configuration of the system, the upstream module, the intermediate module assembly, and the downstream module are aligned, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0215] Example Ex32. The system according to example Ex10 or any of examples Ex11-Ex31, in case of dependence on example Ex31, where in the second configuration of the system the first gas delivery outlet is aligned with the second gas delivery outlet, for example, in the longitudinal direction.

[0216] Example Ex33. The system according to example Ex10 or any of examples Ex11-Ex32, in case of dependence on example Ex31, where in the second configuration of the system the first gas delivery outlet is located at a distance of at least 100, 150 or 200 millimeters from the second gas delivery outlet.

[0217] Example Ex34. The system according to example Ex10 or any of examples Ex11-Ex33, in case of dependence on example Ex31, where in the second configuration of the system the first gas delivery outlet is located at a distance of at least 1000, 750, 500 or 300 millimeters from the second gas delivery outlet.

[0218] Example Ex35. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the system is configured to deliver gas to the subject via intratracheal delivery.

[0219] Example Ex36. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the system is configured to deliver gas to the second subject via nasal delivery.

[0220] Example Ex37. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the system is configured to simultaneously deliver gas to a first subject via intratracheal delivery and to a second subject via nasal delivery.

[0221] Example Ex38. The system according to example Ex10 or any of examples Ex11-Ex37, in case of dependence on example Ex31, where the system comprises a component for intratracheal delivery and a component for nasal delivery, wherein the component for intratracheal delivery is configured to be engaged with one of the first outlet for gas delivery and the second outlet for gas delivery and detachable from it, in order to provide gas delivery to the first subject by intratracheal delivery, wherein the nasal delivery component is configured to be engaged with the other of the first outlet for gas delivery and the second outlet for gas delivery and detachable from it, in order to provide gas delivery to the second subject by nasal delivery.

[0222] Example Ex39. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the first intermediate module comprises a first additional outlet for delivering gas.

[0223] Example Ex40. The system according to example Ex39, wherein the first additional gas delivery outlet is aligned with the first gas delivery outlet in the longitudinal direction.

[0224] Example Ex41. The system according to any of the examples Ex39-Ex40, wherein the first additional gas delivery outlet is located at a distance of at least 100, 150 or 200 millimeters from the first gas delivery outlet.

[0225] Example Ex42. The system according to any of the examples Ex39-Ex41, wherein the first additional gas delivery outlet is located at a distance of at least 1000, 750, 500 or 300 millimeters from the first gas delivery outlet.

[0226] Example Ex43. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the first intermediate module comprises a main part at least partially formed by an outer wall, wherein the main part forms an internal lumen.

[0227] Example Ex44. The system according to example Ex43, wherein the first intermediate module comprises a structure of a first outlet for delivering gas upstream of the first outlet for delivering gas, wherein the structure of the first outlet for delivering gas protrudes outward from the outer wall of the first intermediate module.

[0228] Example Ex45. The system according to example Ex43 or example Ex44, wherein the internal clearance formed by the main part extends in the longitudinal direction.

[0229] Example Ex46. The system according to any of the examples Ex44-Ex45, wherein the structure of the first gas delivery outlet protrudes from the outer wall in the direction of the structure of the first gas delivery outlet.

[0230] Example Ex47. The system according to any of the examples Ex44-Ex46, wherein the longitudinal direction and the structural direction of the first gas delivery outlet are not parallel.

[0231] Example Ex48. The system according to any of examples Ex44-Ex47, wherein the angle between the longitudinal direction and the structural direction of the first gas delivery outlet is at least 15 or 30 degrees.

[0232] Example Ex49. The system according to any of examples Ex44-Ex48, wherein the angle between the longitudinal direction and the structural direction of the first gas delivery outlet is no more than 90 degrees or 75 degrees.

[0233] Example Ex50. The system according to any of the examples Ex48-Ex49, wherein the angle is measured between the first gas delivery outlet and a point in the internal lumen located in the gas flow path and further downstream from the inlet region of the structure of the first gas delivery outlet.

[0234] Example Ex51. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein at least a portion of the first intermediate module is transparent or translucent.

[0235] Example Ex52. The system according to example Ex43 or any of examples Ex43-Ex51, in case of dependence on example Ex43, wherein at least a part of the main part of the first intermediate module is transparent or translucent.

[0236] Example Ex53. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein at least a portion of the first intermediate module is made of glass.

[0237] Example Ex54. The system according to example Ex43 or any of examples Ex43-Ex53, in case of dependence on example Ex43, where at least part of the main part of the first intermediate module is made of glass.

[0238] Example Ex55. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the upstream module comprises a first inlet nozzle for introducing a first substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet opening.

[0239] Example Ex56. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the upstream module comprises a second inlet for introducing a second substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet.

[0240] Example Ex57. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the system comprises a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the system, such as a pressure gauge.

[0241] Example Ex58. A system according to example Ex57, where the downstream module contains a pressure sensor.

[0242] Example Ex59. The system according to example Ex57 or example Ex58, wherein the pressure sensor comprises or is a pressure meter, such as a pressure gauge, for detecting and displaying the pressure in the system.

[0243] Example Ex60. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the system comprises a pressure control mechanism for controlling the pressure in the system, for example, during use of the system for delivering gas to at least one subject.

[0244] Example Ex61. A system according to example Ex60, where the downstream module contains a pressure regulation mechanism.

[0245] Example Ex62. The system according to example Ex60 or example Ex61, wherein the pressure adjustment mechanism is a manual pressure adjustment mechanism configured to allow the user to manually adjust the pressure in the system during use.

[0246] Example Ex63. The system according to any of the examples Ex60-Ex62, wherein the pressure regulation mechanism is an automatic pressure regulation mechanism configured to automatically regulate the pressure in the system during use.

[0247] Example Ex64. The system according to any of the examples Ex60-Ex63, wherein, when used, the pressure regulation mechanism is configured to maintain the pressure in the system, for example, in the intermediate module assembly or in the first intermediate module, within a predetermined pressure range.

[0248] Example Ex65. The system according to any of the examples Ex60-Ex64, wherein, in use, the pressure regulating mechanism is configured to maintain the pressure in the system, for example, in the intermediate module assembly or in the first intermediate module, within a predetermined pressure range based on the pressure recorded by the pressure sensor.

[0249] Example Ex66. The system according to any one of examples Ex60-Ex65, wherein the pressure regulating mechanism comprises a pressure regulating component.

[0250] Example Ex67. The system according to example Ex66, where the pressure regulating component forms an orifice.

[0251] Example Ex68. The system according to any of the examples Ex66-Ex67, wherein the pressure adjustment component is movable, for example during use of the system for delivering gas to at least one subject, to change the size of the opening.

[0252] Example Ex69. The system according to example Ex68, wherein the pressure regulation component is movable, for example during use of the system for delivering gas to at least one subject, between a first position in which the opening has a first size, and a second position in which the opening has a second size different from the first size.

[0253] Example Ex70. The system according to any one of examples Ex60 to Ex69, wherein the pressure regulating component comprises a plurality of plates.

[0254] Example Ex71. The system according to example Ex70, wherein at least one of the plurality of plates is configured to move, for example, during use of the system for delivering gas to at least one subject, to change the size of the opening.

[0255] Example Ex72. A system according to any of examples Ex60 to Ex71, wherein the gas flow path passes through an opening.

[0256] Example Ex73. The system according to any of the examples Ex60-Ex72, wherein the gas outlet of the downstream module comprises or is an opening formed by the pressure regulating component.

[0257] Example Ex74. The system according to any one of examples Ex60 to Ex73, wherein the pressure regulation mechanism comprises an iris diaphragm.

[0258] Example Ex75. The system according to example Ex74, wherein the pressure control component is or includes an iris diaphragm.

[0259] Example Ex76. The system according to any of examples Ex60-Ex75, wherein the pressure regulation mechanism comprises a processor.

[0260] Example Ex77. The system according to example Ex76, in case of dependence on any of the examples Ex57-Ex59, where, during use, the processor receives input data from the pressure sensor.

[0261] Example Ex78. The system according to Example Ex76 or Example Ex77, wherein, when used, the processor controls the movement of the pressure regulating component.

[0262] Example Ex79. The system according to example Ex77, wherein, in use, the processor uses input data from the pressure sensor to maintain the pressure in the system, for example, in the intermediate module node or in the first intermediate module, within a specified pressure range.

[0263] Example Ex80. The system according to example Ex77, wherein, in use, the processor uses input data from the pressure sensor to control the movement of the adjustment component to maintain the pressure in the system, for example, in the intermediate module assembly or in the first intermediate module, within a specified pressure range.

[0264] Example Ex81. The system according to example Ex66 or any of examples Ex66-Ex80, in case of dependence on example Ex66, wherein the pressure regulation component is configured to be engaged with the system, for example, a module located downstream, and detached from it.

[0265] Example Ex82. The system according to example Ex66 or any of examples Ex66-Ex80, if dependent on example Ex66, wherein the pressure regulating component is designed to be removable and reinstallable.

[0266] Example Ex83. A system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system comprises an exhaust unit for providing or allowing gas to flow from the gas inlet to the gas outlet.

[0267] Example Ex84. The system according to example Ex83, wherein the system includes a divider for separating the exhaust unit from a downstream module.

[0268] Example Ex85. A system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the system comprises a divider and a draft unit, and in one or both of the first system configuration and the second configuration, the divider is engaged with a downstream module, and the draft unit is engaged with the divider, so that the divider separates the draft unit from the downstream module.

[0269] Example Ex86. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the intermediate module unit comprises a first intermediate module and one, two, three, four or more additional intermediate modules.

[0270] Example Ex87. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein each intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly is configured to be engaged with and detached from any other intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly.

[0271] Example Ex88. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein each intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly is configured to be engaged with and detached from an upstream module.

[0272] Example Ex89. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein each intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly is configured to be engaged with and detached from a downstream module.

[0273] Example Ex90. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein at least one intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly is for intratracheal delivery of gas to a subject.

[0274] Example Ex91. The system according to any of the previous examples, wherein at least one intermediate module of the intermediate module assembly is for nasal delivery of gas to a subject.

[0275] Example Ex92. A method of using a system according to any of the previous examples, wherein the method includes engaging an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module assembly such that:

[0276] the upstream module is located upstream of the intermediate module unit and is engaged with it;

[0277] The intermediate module unit is located upstream of the downstream module and is engaged with it;

[0278] the gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the gas outlet of the downstream module; and

[0279] the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the module located upstream of the flow to the first gas outlet of the first intermediate module.

[0280] Example Ex93. The method according to example Ex92, wherein the engagement of the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly comprises:

[0281] engaging the upstream end of the intermediate module assembly with an upstream module, such as the downstream end of the upstream module; and

[0282] engaging a downstream end of an intermediate module assembly with a downstream module, such as an upstream end of a downstream module.

[0283] Example Ex94. The method according to example Ex92 or example Ex93, wherein engaging the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly comprises:

[0284] engaging a first intermediate module, such as an upstream end of the first intermediate module, with an upstream module, such as a downstream end of an upstream module; and

[0285] engaging a first intermediate module, such as a downstream end of the first intermediate module, with a downstream module, such as an upstream end of a downstream module.

[0286] Example Ex95. The method according to any of the previous examples of the method, wherein the intermediate module assembly comprises a second intermediate module, and wherein the engagement of the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly comprises:

[0287] engaging a first intermediate module, for example, an upstream end of the first intermediate module, with an upstream module, for example, a further downstream end of an upstream module;

[0288] engaging a second intermediate module, such as an upstream end of the second intermediate module, with a first intermediate module, such as an downstream end of the first intermediate module; and

[0289] engaging a second intermediate module, such as a downstream end of the second intermediate module, with a downstream module, such as an upstream end of a downstream module.

[0290] Example Ex96. The method according to any of the previous examples of the method, wherein the intermediate module assembly comprises a first intermediate module, one or more additional intermediate modules and a last intermediate module, and wherein the engagement of the upstream module and the downstream module with the intermediate module assembly comprises:

[0291] engaging a first intermediate module, for example, an upstream end of the first intermediate module, with an upstream module, for example, a further downstream end of an upstream module;

[0292] engaging each of the one or more additional intermediate modules, in turn, with the module located immediately upstream of it, until the module located furthest downstream of the one or more additional intermediate modules does not engage with the module located immediately upstream of it;

[0293] engaging the last intermediate module, such as the upstream end of the last intermediate module, with the furthest downstream module of the one or more additional intermediate modules, such as the downstream end of the furthest downstream module of the one or more additional intermediate modules; and

[0294] engaging the last intermediate module, such as the downstream end of the last intermediate module, with a downstream module, such as the upstream end of the downstream module.

[0295] Example Ex97. The method according to example Ex96, wherein engaging each of the one or more additional intermediate modules, in turn, with a module located immediately upstream of it, includes, in turn, engaging the upstream end of each of the one or more additional intermediate modules with a module located immediately upstream of it, for example, the downstream end of a module located immediately upstream of it.

[0296] Example Ex98. The method according to any of the previous example methods, wherein the method comprises attaching a first delivery component, for example, a first component for intratracheal delivery or a first component for nasal delivery, to a first outlet for gas delivery.

[0297] Example Ex99. The method according to example Ex98, wherein the method includes providing interaction of the first non-human animal with the first delivery component.

[0298] Example Ex100. The method according to any of the previous examples of the method, wherein the intermediate module assembly comprises a second intermediate module comprising a second outlet for delivering gas, and the method includes attaching a second delivery component, for example, a second component for intratracheal delivery or a second component for nasal delivery, to the second outlet for delivering gas.

[0299] Example Ex101. The method according to example Ex100, wherein the method includes providing interaction of a second animal, other than a human, with a second delivery component, for example, a second component for intratracheal delivery or a second component for nasal delivery.

[0300] Example Ex102. The method according to any of the previous examples of the method, wherein the upstream module comprises a first inlet nozzle for introducing a first substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet opening, and the method includes engaging a source of the first substance with the first inlet nozzle.

[0301] Example Ex103. The method according to any of the previous examples of the method, wherein the upstream module comprises a second inlet for introducing a second substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet opening, and the method includes engaging a source of the second substance with the second inlet.

[0302] Example Ex104. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes engaging the exhaust unit with a downstream module.

[0303] Example Ex105. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes providing a gas flow along a gas flow path.

[0304] Example Ex106. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes providing a first gas delivery stream along a first gas delivery stream path.

[0305] Example Ex107. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes engaging the exhaust unit with a downstream module and controlling the exhaust unit to provide gas flow along the gas flow path.

[0306] Example Ex108. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes engaging the exhaust unit with a downstream module and controlling the exhaust unit to provide a first gas delivery flow along a first gas delivery flow path.

[0307] Example Ex109. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes introducing an anesthetic gas into the gas stream through a gas inlet, such as through a first inlet nozzle or a second inlet nozzle.

[0308] Example Ex110. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes introducing a substance into a gas stream through a gas inlet, such as through a first inlet or a second inlet, to form an aerosol.

[0309] Example Ex110. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes determining the pressure in the system.

[0310] Example Ex112. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes adjusting the pressure in the system.

[0311] Example Ex113. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes automatically adjusting the pressure in the system.

[0312] Example Ex114. The method according to any of the previous example methods, wherein the method includes automatically adjusting the pressure in the system based on feedback from a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the system.

[0313] Example Ex115. The method according to any of the previous method examples, wherein the method includes maintaining the pressure in the system within a predetermined range.

[0314] Example Ex116. The method according to any of the previous example methods, wherein the method includes automatically maintaining the pressure in the system within a predetermined range based on feedback from a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the system.

[0315] Example Ex117. A gas delivery system for delivering gas to at least one subject, wherein the system comprises:

[0316] an upstream portion containing a gas inlet;

[0317] a downstream portion containing a gas outlet;

[0318] an intermediate portion comprising a first outlet for delivering gas; and

[0319] wherein the part located upstream of the flow is located upstream of the intermediate part, and the intermediate part is located upstream of the flow relative to the part located downstream of the flow,

[0320] and at the same time:

[0321] the gas flow path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream portion to the gas outlet of the downstream portion; and

[0322] the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the upstream portion to the first gas delivery outlet of the intermediate portion.

[0323] Example Ex118. The system according to example Ex117, wherein the system is intended for the simultaneous delivery of gas to multiple entities.

[0324] Example Ex119. A system according to any of examples Ex117-Ex118, wherein the system is intended to deliver gas to at least one animal other than a human.

[0325] Example Ex120. The system according to any one of examples Ex117 to Ex119, wherein the system is intended for the simultaneous delivery of gas to a plurality of non-human animals.

[0326] Example Ex121. The system according to any one of examples Ex117 to Ex120, wherein the system comprises a pressure adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure in the system.

[0327] Example Ex122. A system according to example Ex121, wherein the downstream portion contains a pressure regulation mechanism.

[0328] Example Ex123. A system according to any one of examples Ex117-Ex118, wherein the system comprises a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the system, such as a pressure gauge.

[0329] Example Ex124. The system according to example Ex123, where the downstream part contains a pressure sensor.

[0330] Example Ex125. The system according to any of the examples Ex123-Ex124, wherein the pressure sensor comprises or is a pressure meter, such as a pressure gauge, for detecting and displaying the pressure in the system.

[0331] Example Ex126. The system according to any of the examples Ex121-Ex125, wherein the pressure regulation mechanism is configured to regulate the pressure in the system during use of the system for delivering gas to at least one subject.

[0332] Example Ex127. The system according to any of the examples Ex121-Ex126, wherein the pressure adjustment mechanism is a manual pressure adjustment mechanism configured to allow the user to manually adjust the pressure in the system during use.

[0333] Example Ex128. The system according to any of the examples Ex121-Ex127, wherein the pressure regulation mechanism is an automatic pressure regulation mechanism configured to automatically regulate the pressure in the system during use.

[0334] Example Ex129. The system according to any of the examples Ex121-Ex128, wherein, when used, the pressure regulating mechanism is configured to maintain the pressure in the system, for example in the intermediate part, within a predetermined pressure range.

[0335] Example Ex130. The system according to any of the examples Ex123-Ex129, in case of dependence on the example Ex121 or the example Ex122, wherein, in use, the pressure regulating mechanism is configured to maintain the pressure in the system, for example in the intermediate part, within a predetermined pressure range based on the pressure registered by the pressure sensor.

[0336] Example Ex131. The system according to any one of examples Ex121 to Ex130, wherein the pressure regulating mechanism comprises a pressure regulating component that defines an opening.

[0337] Example Ex132. The system according to example Ex131, wherein the pressure adjustment component is movable, for example during use of the system for delivering gas to at least one subject, to change the size of the opening.

[0338] Example Ex133. The system according to example Ex131 or example Ex132, wherein the pressure regulation component is movable, for example during use of the system for simultaneously delivering gas to a plurality of animals other than humans, between a first position in which the opening has a first size, and a second position in which the opening has a second size different from the first size.

[0339] Example Ex134. The system according to any one of examples Ex131-Ex133, wherein the pressure regulating component comprises a plurality of plates.

[0340] Example Ex135. The system according to example Ex134, wherein at least one of the plurality of plates is configured to move, for example during use of the system for simultaneously delivering gas to a plurality of animals other than humans, to change the size of the opening.

[0341] Example Ex13b. A system according to any of examples Ex131 to Ex135, wherein the gas flow path passes through an opening.

[0342] Example Ex137. The system according to example Ex13b, wherein the gas outlet comprises or is an opening.

[0343] Example Ex138. The system according to any one of examples Ex131 to Ex137, wherein the pressure regulation mechanism comprises an iris diaphragm.

[0344] Example Ex139. The system according to example Ex138, wherein the pressure control component is or comprises an iris diaphragm.

[0345] Example Ex140. The system according to any one of examples Ex121 to Ex137, wherein the pressure regulation mechanism comprises a processor.

[0346] Example Ex141. The system according to example Ex140, where during operation the processor receives input data from the pressure sensor.

[0347] Example Ex142. The system according to example Ex140 or example Ex141, wherein, when used, the processor controls the movement of the pressure regulating component.

[0348] Example Ex143. The system according to example Ex141 or example Ex142, wherein, in use, the processor uses input data from the pressure sensor to maintain the pressure in the system, for example, in the first intermediate section, within a specified pressure range.

[0349] Example Ex144. The system according to any one of the examples Ex141-Ex143, wherein in use the processor uses input data from the pressure sensor to control the movement of the adjustment component to maintain the pressure in the system, for example in the intermediate section, within a predetermined pressure range.

[0350] Example Ex145. The system according to example Ex131 or any of examples Ex132-Ex144, in case of dependence on example Ex131, where the pressure regulating component is configured to be engaged with the system, for example, by a part located downstream, and detached from it.

[0351] Example Ex146. The system according to example Ex131 or any of examples Ex132-Ex145, in case of dependence on example Ex131, wherein the pressure regulation component is designed to be removable and reinstallable.

[0352] Example Ex147. A system according to any one of examples Ex117-Ex146, wherein the system comprises a ventilating unit for providing gas flow from the gas inlet to the gas outlet.

[0353] Example Ex148. The system according to example Ex147, wherein the system comprises a divider for separating the exhaust unit from a downstream portion.

[0354] Example Ex149. The system according to any of the examples Ex117-Ex146, wherein the system comprises a divider and a draft unit, and in one or both of the first configuration of the system and the second configuration, the divider is engaged with the downstream portion, and the draft unit is engaged with the divider, so that the divider separates the draft unit from the downstream portion.

[0355] Example Ex150. The system according to example Ex131 or example Ex67, or according to any of the previous examples in case of dependence on one of example Ex131 and example Ex67, wherein the pressure regulating component comprises a first plate and a second plate, wherein the first plate comprises a first opening, and the second plate comprises a second opening.

[0356] Example Ex151. The system according to example Ex150, wherein in one or more positions of the first plate and the second plate, the first opening and the second opening partially or completely coincide, forming an opening, wherein the opening passes through the first plate and the second plate.

[0357] Example Ex152. The system according to example Ex150 or Ex151, wherein the first plate is configured to move, for example, one or more of translational and rotational, relative to the second plate. Example Ex153. The system according to example Ex152, wherein the first plate is configured to move, for example, one or more of translational and rotational, relative to the second plate to change the size of the opening.

[0358] Example Ex154. The system according to example Ex152 or Ex153, where the first plate is configured to move, for example, one or more of translational and rotational, relative to the second plate between a first position in which the hole has a first size, and a second position in which the hole has a second size different from the first size.

[0359] Example Ex155. The system according to any of the examples Ex150-Ex154, wherein during use, for example using the system to deliver gas to one or more subjects, one of the first plate and the second plate is held stationary, for example stationary relative to one or more other components of the system, for example stationary or fixed relative to one or more of an upstream module, an intermediate module assembly and a downstream module.

[0360] Examples will now be further described with reference to drawing figures in which:

[0361] Fig. 1 shows a first gas delivery system;

[0362] Fig. 2 shows the second gas delivery system;

[0363] Fig. 3 shows a third gas delivery system; and

[0364] Fig. 4 shows the fourth gas delivery system.

[0365] Figure 1 shows a first gas delivery system 100. The gas delivery system 100 is a modular gas delivery system for simultaneously delivering gas to a plurality of subjects 102, 104, 106, 108. In this case, the subjects 102, 104, 106, 108 are mice. The system 100 comprises an upstream module 110 containing an inlet 112 for gas, a downstream module 114 containing an outlet 116 for gas, and an intermediate module assembly 118.

[0366] The intermediate module assembly 118 comprises a first intermediate module 120 comprising a first outlet 122 for delivering gas, and a second intermediate module 124 comprising a second outlet 126 for delivering gas. The intermediate module assembly 118 is configured to be engaged with and detached from the upstream module 110, and is also configured to be engaged with and detached from the downstream module 114.

[0367] In Fig. 1, the upstream module 110, the downstream module 114, and the intermediate module assembly 118 are assembled into a second system configuration in which the upstream module 110 is upstream of and engaged with the intermediate module assembly 118, and the intermediate module assembly 118 is upstream of and engaged with the downstream module 114.

[0368] Assembling the system 100 into the second system configuration may include engaging the first intermediate module 120 with the upstream module 110, then engaging the second intermediate module 124 with the first intermediate module 120, and then engaging the downstream module 114 with the second intermediate module 124.

[0369] In the second configuration of the system, the gas flow path is formed from the inlet 112 for gas located upstream of the module 110 to the outlet 116 for gas located downstream of the module 114, wherein the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the inlet 112 for gas located upstream of the module 110 to the first outlet 122 for delivering gas of the first intermediate module 120, and the second gas flow delivery path is formed from the inlet 112 for gas located upstream of the module 110 to the second outlet 126 for delivering gas of the second intermediate module 124.

[0370] In use, gas can be transmitted from the gas inlet 112, along the first gas flow delivery path, through the first gas delivery outlet 122, and then to the first subject 102. This gas can be called the delivered gas. At the same time, gas can be transmitted from the gas inlet 112, along the second gas flow delivery path, through the second gas delivery outlet 126, and then to the second subject 106. This gas can also be called the delivered gas. At the same time, gas can be transmitted from the gas inlet 112, along the gas flow path and through the gas outlet 116 of the downstream module 114. This gas can be called the exhaust gas.

[0371] Next, the 100 system will be described in more detail.

[0372] Upstream module 110 comprises a glass tube with an open upstream end and an open downstream end. The upstream end is opposite the downstream end. An internal lumen formed by the glass tube extends longitudinally between the upstream end and the downstream end.

[0373] The upstream end contains a gas inlet 112. The downstream end contains a female engagement means for the upstream module, which in this case is an internal thread located on the inner surface of the glass tube.

[0374] The upstream module 110 further comprises a first inlet 128 for introducing a first substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet 112, and a second inlet 130 for introducing a second substance into the gas stream from the gas inlet 112.

[0375] The first intermediate module 120 comprises a glass tube with an open upstream end and an open downstream end. The upstream end is opposite the downstream end. An internal lumen formed by the glass tube extends longitudinally between the upstream end and the downstream end.

[0376] The upstream end comprises a male engagement means for the first intermediate module, which in this case is an external thread located on the outer surface of the glass tube. In Fig. 1, the female engagement means of the upstream module is engaged with the male engagement means of the first intermediate module. This is a reversible engagement, meaning that the upstream module 110 is configured to be engaged with and detached from the first intermediate module 120. Although the system is described as using internal and external threads for engagement between the modules, one skilled in the art will understand after reading this description that other engagement means can also be used, such as snap connections, clamps, or an interference fit.

[0377] The downstream end comprises a female engagement means for the first intermediate module, which in this case is an internal thread located on the inner surface of the glass tube.

[0378] Between the upstream end and the downstream end, the first intermediate module 120 comprises a first outlet 122 for delivering gas and a first additional outlet 132 for delivering gas. The first additional outlet 132 for delivering gas is aligned with the first outlet 122 for delivering gas in the longitudinal direction. The first additional outlet 132 for delivering gas is located at a distance of approximately 200 millimeters from the first outlet 122 for delivering gas.

[0379] The first intermediate module 120 comprises a first gas delivery outlet structure 134 located upstream of the first gas delivery outlet 122. The first gas delivery outlet structure 134 projects outward from the glass tube in the direction of the first gas delivery outlet structure so that the angle between the longitudinal direction and the direction of the first gas delivery outlet structure is approximately 45 degrees.

[0380] The first additional outlet 132 for delivering gas comprises a similar structure 136 of the first additional outlet for delivering gas, as shown in Fig. 1.

[0381] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the second intermediate module 124 is structurally identical to the first intermediate module 120.

[0382] Thus, the second intermediate module 124 comprises a glass tube with an open upstream end and an open downstream end. The upstream end is opposite the downstream end. An internal lumen formed by the glass tube extends longitudinally between the upstream end and the downstream end.

[0383] The upstream end comprises a male engagement means for the second intermediate module, which in this case is an external thread located on the outer surface of the glass tube. In Fig. 1, the female engagement means of the first intermediate module is engaged with the male engagement means of the second intermediate module. This is a reversible engagement, meaning that the first intermediate module 120 is configured to engage with and detach from the second intermediate module 124.

[0384] The downstream end comprises a female engagement means for the second intermediate module, which in this case is an internal thread located on the inner surface of the glass tube.

[0385] Between the upstream end and the downstream end, the second intermediate module 124 comprises a second outlet 126 for delivering gas and a second additional outlet 138 for delivering gas. The second additional outlet 138 for delivering gas is aligned with the second outlet 126 for delivering gas in the longitudinal direction. The second additional outlet 138 for delivering gas is located at a distance of approximately 200 millimeters from the second outlet 126 for delivering gas.

[0386] The second intermediate module 124 comprises a second gas delivery outlet structure 140 located upstream of the first gas delivery outlet 122. The second gas delivery outlet structure 140 projects outward from the glass tube in the direction of the second gas delivery outlet structure so that the angle between the longitudinal direction and the direction of the second gas delivery outlet structure is approximately 45 degrees.

[0387] The second additional outlet opening 138 for delivering gas comprises a similar structure 142 of the second additional outlet opening for delivering gas, as shown in Fig. 1.

[0388] In the second configuration of the system shown in Fig. 1, the first additional gas delivery opening 132 is located at a distance of approximately 200 millimeters from the second gas delivery opening 126 in the longitudinal direction.

[0389] The downstream module 114 comprises a glass tube having an open upstream end and an open downstream end. The upstream end is opposite the downstream end. An internal lumen formed by the glass tube extends longitudinally between the upstream end and the downstream end. The downstream end comprises a gas outlet 116.

[0390] The upstream end comprises a male engagement means for the second downstream module, which in this case is an external thread located on the outer surface of the glass tube. In Fig. 1, the female engagement means of the second intermediate module is engaged with the male engagement means of the downstream module. This is a reversible engagement, meaning that the second intermediate module 124 is configured to be engaged with and detached from the downstream module 114.

[0391] The downstream module 114 further comprises a pressure gauge 14 4, which may comprise a pressure gauge, for example, for detecting and displaying the pressure in the system 100, and a pressure adjustment mechanism for adjusting the pressure in the system 100. The pressure adjustment mechanism is capable of adjusting the pressure in the system 100 during use of the system 100 for delivering gas to subjects.

[0392] The pressure regulation mechanism comprises a pressure regulation component 146, which in this embodiment comprises an iris diaphragm. The iris diaphragm forms an opening. In use, gas from the gas inlet 112 must pass through the opening to reach the gas outlet 116. Thus, the gas flow path passes through the opening. The iris diaphragm comprises a plurality of lamellas. The lamellas are movable, allowing the opening size to be changed and thereby the pressure in the system 100 to be regulated. In particular, as the opening decreases, the pressure in the system 100 will increase, provided that the volumetric flow rate of gas through the system 100 is maintained.

[0393] The pressure control mechanism further comprises a processor (not shown) configured to receive input data from the pressure meter 144 regarding the system pressure. In use, the processor uses the input data from the pressure meter to control the movement of the iris diaphragm, thereby controlling the opening size and maintaining the system pressure within a predetermined pressure range of 10 to 30 pascals above atmospheric pressure.

[0394] The pressure control component is designed to engage and detach from a downstream module. This allows the pressure control component, particularly the iris diaphragm, to be removed, disassembled, and cleaned between system uses.

[0395] The system 100 further comprises an exhaust unit 148 for providing a gas flow from the gas inlet 112 to the gas outlet 116, and a divider 150 for separating the exhaust unit 148 from the downstream module 114. The divider 150 is configured to be engaged with and detached from the downstream module 114. And the exhaust unit 148 is configured to be engaged with the divider 150 and detached from it. However, it should be understood that the divider 150 and the exhaust unit 148 can be formed as a single unit with the downstream module 114.

[0396] In the second configuration of the system shown in Fig. 1, the divider 150 is engaged with the downstream module 114 and is located downstream of it, and the exhaust unit 148 is engaged with the divider 150 and is located downstream of it, so that the divider 150 separates the exhaust unit 14 8 from the downstream module 114 by a distance of approximately 50 millimeters.

[0397] The divider 150 comprises a substantially tubular main portion and comprises openings extending radially through the substantially tubular main portion. In the second configuration of the system, the exhaust unit 148 is configured to draw air from the atmosphere through the openings in the divider 150 and simultaneously allow gas from the gas inlet 112 to flow through the system 100. These two separate flow paths are combined within the divider 150 and allow the pressure within the system 100 to remain stable even if the intake pressure fluctuates.

[0398] The system 100 is configured to deliver gas to subjects 102, 104, 106, 108 via intratracheal delivery. The system 100 comprises an intratracheal delivery component 103, 105, 107, 109 for each gas delivery outlet 122, 126, 132, 138. Each intratracheal delivery component 103, 105, 107, 109 is configured to be engaged with and detached from each gas delivery outlet 122, 126, 132, 138. In the second configuration of the system shown in Fig. 1, each intratracheal delivery component 103, 105, 107, 109 is engaged with an outlet 122, 126, 132, 138 for delivering gas and is used for intubating a mouse. Each intratracheal delivery component 103, 105, 107, 109 also contains or is engaged with a sampler (not shown) for sampling gas or aerosol delivered through the intratracheal delivery component 103, 105, 107, 109.This can be used to estimate doses of specific substances delivered via component 103, 105, 107, 109 for intratracheal delivery.

[0399] As explained above, Fig. 1 shows the system 100 in a second system configuration, in which the first intermediate module 120 and the second intermediate module 124 are used. However, the system 100 is also suitable for use in the first system configuration, in which the second intermediate module 124 is not used. In the first system configuration, the downstream end of the first intermediate module 120 is engaged with the upstream end of the downstream module 114. The system 100 is also suitable for use in a third system configuration, where the system 100 comprises a third intermediate module (structurally identical to the first and second intermediate modules), and the third intermediate module is located between the second intermediate module 124 and the downstream module 114.

[0400] As will be understood by one skilled in the art after reading this description, the number of intermediate modules of the system 100 can be adjusted in accordance with the number of subjects for which the system 100 is to be used to deliver gas.

[0401] One specific application of the 100 system is described below.

[0402] First, the system 100 is assembled into an operating system configuration such as the second system configuration shown in Fig. 1.

[0403] The subjects are then brought into interaction with the system 100. For the system 100 shown in Fig. 1, this involves intubating the mice and allowing the mice to interact with the system 100.

[0404] The gas then flows through the gas inlet 112 at a pressure of approximately 10-30 Pascals above atmospheric pressure, and the exhaust unit 148 is activated. The exhaust unit provides suction and allows gas from the gas inlet 112 of the upstream module 110 to flow through the system 100. The exhaust unit ensures that the gas from the gas inlet 112 is ultimately directed to the appropriate ventilation location. The pressure regulation mechanism maintains the pressure within the system 100 at 10-30 Pascals above atmospheric pressure.

[0405] Then, a second substance, specifically a gaseous anesthetic, is introduced into the gas stream from the gas inlet 112 through the second inlet nozzle 130 of the upstream module. Thus, the anesthetic gas is delivered to the subjects through the gas delivery inlets.

[0406] Then, a first substance, specifically a liquid atom, is introduced into the gas stream from the gas inlet 112 through the first inlet nozzle 128 of the upstream module. The atomized liquid forms an aerosol in the system, and the aerosol is thus delivered to subjects through the gas delivery outlets.

[0407] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, in this embodiment, the gaseous anesthetic and the nebulized liquid are introduced into the gas stream through the inlet nozzles 128, 130 of the upstream module 110, or they can be introduced into the gas stream before the gas stream flows through the gas inlet 112 of the upstream module 110. For example, a liquid nebulizer can be connected to the upstream module 110 upstream of the gas inlet 112 to thereby nebulize the liquid into the gas stream before the gas stream flows through the gas inlet 112. In this case, the aerosol can flow through the gas inlet 112.

[0408] System 100 operates in this manner for a predetermined period of time or until a predetermined dose of nebulized liquid is delivered to each subject. The doses delivered to subjects can be assessed using the intratracheal delivery component samplers, as described above. The exhaust unit 148 can then be deactivated, and the subjects' interaction with system 100 can be interrupted for analysis.

[0409] Figure 2 shows a second gas delivery system 200. The second gas delivery system 200 is similar to the first gas delivery system 100 in Figure 1, so only the differences between the two systems are described here.

[0410] In the system 200 shown in Fig. 2, the two components 107, 109 for intratracheal delivery of the first gas delivery system 100 are replaced by components 207, 209 for nasal delivery. In the second gas delivery system 200, each of the nasal delivery components 207, 209 comprises a glass bottle for placing a mouse.

[0411] The second intermediate module 124 is not changed. The structure 140 of the second outlet for gas delivery and the structure 142 of the additional second outlet for gas delivery are configured to engage with the intratracheal delivery component, as shown in Fig. 1, or with the nasal delivery component, as shown in Fig. 2.

[0412] Thus, the system 200 shown in Fig. 2 can be used to simultaneously deliver gas to subjects via intratracheal delivery and nasal delivery.

[0413] Furthermore, the pressure meter 144 and the associated sensor of the first gas delivery system 100 in Fig. 1 have been replaced with an alternative pressure meter 244, which is manually controlled. The pressure meter 244 determines and displays the pressure in the system 200 in real time. Based on the readings of the pressure meter 244, the system operator can manually rotate a disk (not shown) to move the iris diaphragm of the pressure adjustment component 146 and thereby control the size of the opening and the pressure in the system 200.

[0414] Figure 3 shows a third gas delivery system 300. The third gas delivery system 300 is structurally identical to the first gas delivery system 100 of Figure 1, except for the second intermediate module 124 and the associated components 107, 109 for intratracheal delivery of the first gas delivery system 100. They have been replaced by an alternative second intermediate module 324 and the corresponding alternative components 307, 309 for intratracheal and nasal delivery.

[0415] The alternative second intermediate module 324 is structurally identical to the second intermediate module 124 except that the structure 140 of the second outlet for delivering gas and the structure 142 of the additional second outlet for delivering gas are replaced by the alternative structure 34 of the second outlet for delivering gas and the alternative structure 342 of the additional second outlet for delivering gas.

[0416] The alternative design 340 of the second gas delivery outlet is configured to engage specifically with the alternative component 307 for intratracheal delivery and is directed at an angle of approximately 90 degrees from the longitudinal direction defined by the alternative second intermediate module 32 4.

[0417] The alternative design 342 of the additional second outlet for gas delivery is configured to engage specifically with the alternative component 309 for nasal delivery and is directed at an angle of approximately 90 degrees from the longitudinal direction defined by the alternative second intermediate module 324.

[0418] The alternative intratracheal delivery component 307 is similar to the intratracheal delivery component 107 described with reference to Fig. 1 and is intended for intubation of a mouse.

[0419] The alternative nasal delivery component 309 is similar to the nasal delivery component 209 described with reference to Fig. 2 and comprises a glass bottle for containing a mouse.

[0420] Thus, the system 300 shown in Fig. 3 can be used to simultaneously deliver gas to subjects via intratracheal delivery and nasal delivery. In particular, a separate module, the alternative second intermediate module 324 of the intermediate module assembly, provides for simultaneous delivery to subjects via intratracheal and nasal delivery.

[0421] Figure 4 shows a fourth gas delivery system 400 assembled in a parallel system configuration. The fourth gas delivery system 400 is similar to the first gas delivery system 100 in Figure 1, therefore only the main differences between the systems 100, 400 are described here.

[0422] The intermediate module unit 418 of the fourth gas delivery system 400 includes a third intermediate module 464 and a fourth intermediate module 466 in addition to the first intermediate module 120 and the second intermediate module 124. In the parallel configuration of the system shown in Fig. 4, the first intermediate module 120 and the second intermediate module 124 are arranged in parallel with the third intermediate module 4 64 and the fourth intermediate module 466. All intermediate modules 120, 124, 464, 466 are structurally identical, so they can be used interchangeably.

[0423] The fourth gas delivery system 400 comprises an upstream adapter 460, also referred to as an upstream splitter 460, located between the upstream module 110 and the upstream end of the intermediate module assembly 418. The upstream splitter 460 is engaged with the first intermediate module 120 and the third intermediate module 464. The upstream splitter 460 divides the gas flow path from the gas inlet 112 of the upstream module 110 into two flow paths. The system 400 further comprises a downstream adapter 462, also referred to as a downstream connector 462, located between the downstream end of the intermediate module assembly 418 and the downstream module 114.A downstream connector 462 is engaged with the second intermediate module 124 and the fourth intermediate module 466. The downstream connector 462 connects two gas flow paths, the gas flow path from each of the two branches of the intermediate module assembly 418, located in parallel, into one flow path.

[0424] In the system 400 shown in Fig. 4, the upstream divider 460 is configured to engage with and detach from the upstream module 110 and the intermediate module assembly 418. And the downstream connector 462 is configured to engage with and detach from the downstream module 114 and the intermediate module assembly 418. This allows the system 400 to operate in the second system configuration as shown in Fig. 1 (without using the adapters 460, 462 or the third or fourth intermediate modules 464, 466), which is a series system configuration, or in the parallel system configuration shown in Fig. 4.

[0425] As will be understood by one skilled in the art after reading this description, the upstream divider 460 and the downstream connector 462 may engage with the modules of the system 400 in a similar manner as other modules of the system 400 engage with each other, or in another manner, such as by snap connections, clamps, or an interference fit.

[0426] In the fourth system 400, two gas flow paths are formed from the inlet 112 for gas of the upstream module 110 to the outlet 116 for gas of the downstream module 114. The first of these gas flow paths passes through the first intermediate module 120 and the second intermediate module 124, and the second of these gas flow paths passes through the third intermediate module 464 and the fourth intermediate module 466.

[0427] Furthermore, flow paths for the delivered gas are formed from the gas inlet 112 of the upstream module 110 to each of the two gas delivery outlets of each of the four intermediate modules 120, 124, 464, 466. Thus, as shown in Fig. 4, the system 400 is capable of simultaneously delivering gas to eight subjects.

[0428] For the purposes of the present description and the appended claims, except where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, amounts, percentages, etc., shall be understood as modified in all instances by the term "about." Also, all ranges include the disclosed maximum and minimum points and include any intermediate ranges therebetween, which may or may not be specifically listed herein. Therefore, in this context, the number A is understood as A ±10% of A. In this context, the number A may be considered to include numerical values ​​that are within the common standard error for the measurement of the property that the number A modifies.In some cases, the number A, when used in the appended claims, may vary by the percentages listed above, provided that the amount by which A is varied does not materially affect the essential or novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. All ranges also include the disclosed maximum and minimum points and any intermediate ranges therebetween, which may or may not be specifically listed herein.

Claims

1. A modular system for the simultaneous delivery of gas to multiple animals, comprising: an upstream module containing a gas inlet; a downstream module containing a gas outlet; and an intermediate module assembly comprising a first intermediate module having a first outlet for delivering gas, and a second intermediate module having a second outlet for delivering gas, wherein the intermediate module unit is designed with the ability to: interaction with and detachment from an upstream module; and interaction with and detachment from a downstream module, wherein the first intermediate module is configured to interact with the module located earlier downstream and to be disconnected from it, wherein the second intermediate module is configured to interact with the module located earlier downstream and to be disconnected from it, wherein the upstream module, the downstream module and the intermediate module unit are configured to be assembled into a first system configuration in which: an upstream module is located upstream of an intermediate module node and is in interaction with it; the intermediate module node is located upstream of the module located further downstream and is in interaction with it; a gas flow path is formed from a gas inlet of an upstream module to a gas outlet of a downstream module; and the first gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the module located upstream to the first gas outlet of the first intermediate module, wherein the upstream module, the downstream module and the intermediate module assembly are configured to be assembled into a second system configuration in which: an upstream module is located upstream of an intermediate module node and is in interaction with it; the intermediate module node is located upstream of the module located further downstream and is in interaction with it; a gas flow path is formed from a gas inlet of an upstream module to a gas outlet of a downstream module; and the second gas flow delivery path is formed from the gas inlet of the module located upstream to the second gas outlet of the second intermediate module, and wherein the second configuration of the system is a parallel configuration of the system and in the second configuration of the system the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are arranged in parallel so that the second path of delivery of the gas flow is free from passing through the first intermediate module.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second intermediate module is configured to interact with and be detached from the first intermediate module; wherein the second intermediate module is structurally identical to the first intermediate module, so that the second intermediate module and the first intermediate module are interchangeable in the system.

3. The system according to any one of claims 1, 2, comprising an exhaust unit configured to interact with and be detached from a downstream module, wherein the exhaust unit, when in use, provides suction downstream of the gas outlet.

4. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the downstream module comprises a pressure control mechanism for controlling the pressure in the system, wherein the pressure control mechanism comprises a pressure control component defining an orifice; and wherein the pressure control component is movable to change the size of the orifice.

5. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein in a first configuration of the system the gas flow path passes through the intermediate module assembly.

6. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first intermediate module comprises a first additional outlet for delivering gas.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein in the first configuration of the system the first additional gas delivery outlet is aligned in the longitudinal direction with the first gas delivery outlet.

8. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in a second configuration of the system, the first gas flow delivery path is formed from a gas inlet of an upstream module to a first gas delivery outlet of a first intermediate module.

9. The system according to claim 8, configured to be assembled into a sequential system configuration, in which the first intermediate module and the second intermediate module are arranged in series.

10. The system according to any one of claims 8, 9, in which in the second configuration of the system the first gas delivery outlet is aligned in the longitudinal direction with the second gas delivery outlet.

11. A system according to any of the preceding claims, configured to simultaneously deliver gas to a first animal via intratracheal delivery and to a second animal via nasal delivery.

12. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a pressure control mechanism for controlling the pressure in the system during use for delivering gas to at least one animal.

13. A method of using a system according to any one of paragraphs 1-12, which includes interaction between an upstream module and a downstream module with an intermediate module unit such that: the upstream module is positioned upstream from the intermediate module node and is brought into interaction with it; the intermediate module unit is located upstream of the module located further downstream and is brought into interaction with it; form a gas flow path from a gas inlet of an upstream module to a gas outlet of a downstream module; and form a first gas flow delivery path from the gas inlet of the upstream module to the first gas outlet of the first intermediate module.

Images