Method for detecting defects in waterproofing layer of flat roof

Abstract

FIELD: defect detection.SUBSTANCE: method for detecting defects in the waterproofing layer of a flat roof consists of introducing marker smoke under the waterproofing layer of a flat roof, followed by visual determination of the points where smoke escapes through the waterproofing defects. The marker smoke is supplied using a modular unit consisting of a compressor or regenerative air blower comprising a marker smoke pressure control and monitoring system, with the ability to regulate the flow rate of marker smoke depending on the type of area being diagnosed and the estimated size of the defect. The pressure control and monitoring system allows tracking changes in pressure under the roof in real time and identifying leaks with an accuracy of several centimetres.EFFECT: accurate non-destructive method for detecting defects in the waterproofing layer of a flat roof.1 cl

Description

[0001] Technical field.

[0002] The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to non-destructive testing diagnostics, in particular to the detection of defects in the waterproofing layer of flat roofs. Prior art:

[0003] Public patent RU 2720344 (published April 29, 2020) discloses a method for continuous instrumental diagnostics of the tightness of a dry roof waterproofing layer. This method involves providing a conductive base within the roof so that the conductive layer is located beneath the roof waterproofing being inspected. The entire roof surface is then inspected using a standalone spark flaw detector. If a through-and-through waterproofing defect is detected, a spark test is performed at the point of insulation. The disadvantages of this method include the presence or absence of a conductive base and insufficient detection accuracy.

[0004] Public patent RU 2801910 (published August 18, 2022) discloses a method for roof diagnostics using a moisture meter, where the moisture meter readings are transmitted via the internet to the user's terminal. A disadvantage of this method is the specific operating conditions of the moisture meter: it should not be exposed to direct sunlight, water droplets, or nearby electrical wires or metal structures, as these reduce the accuracy of the measurements.

[0005] A method for detecting roof leaks using thermal imaging is known. See (https: / / oir-poisk.ru / poisk-skryityih-utechek-vodyi / protechki-krovli). A method for inspecting a roof with a thermal imager and identifying cold and warm zones on a thermogram is described. This inspection is effective for roofs made of absorbent materials. The disadvantages of this method include the expensive equipment and specialized skills required, as well as the thermal imager's performance being affected by adverse weather conditions.

[0006] The technical result of the claimed invention is a non-destructive method for detecting defects in a flat roof structure with increased accuracy.

[0007] This technical result is achieved through roof diagnostics using marker smoke, a method that enables quick, accurate, and effective detection of leaks in the waterproofing of flat roofing layers, regardless of the roofing material, and in additional structures such as ventilation shafts, parapets, windows, and doors. This method enables early and real-time detection of roofing defects. This non-destructive diagnostic method involves monitoring and detecting roof defects using marker smoke, enabling more efficient and cost-effective roof repairs compared to traditional approaches. This method enables early detection of problems, preventing serious damage, and reducing overall maintenance and repair costs. Furthermore, marker smoke can be used to identify defects in areas where additional structures, such as windows, doors, parapets, and others, are installed.Since installation sites often have gaps that allow moisture to pass through, this method allows for early detection of even the smallest gaps and their prompt localization. It is less expensive and more effective than traditional methods, which have significant drawbacks such as inaccurate leak detection, additional damage to the coating, and high repair costs.

[0008] The method's high sensitivity lies in the use of marker smoke, which can detect even the smallest leaks and defects that are difficult to see with the naked eye. Small holes ranging from 10 mm to 150 mm in diameter, depending on the area of ​​the object being inspected, are cut along the perimeter of the roof covering. Pipes with specific nozzles, selected depending on the type of roof waterproofing layer, are sealed into these holes. Next, a smoke generator generates marker smoke and delivers it under pressure from 20 to 400 bar using a system consisting of a compressor or regenerative blower and a monitoring system that tracks the process in real time. The marker smoke is injected into the roof's waterproofing layers under pressure and exits at defective locations, penetrating the smallest cracks and pores.This non-destructive method does not require roof openings or other invasive procedures and preserves the integrity of the roof covering. It pinpoints the leak's location, allowing for quick and accurate localization of the problem area and avoiding costly repairs. The method also includes a system that creates controlled excess pressure between the flat roof's supporting structure (the waterproofing layer) and any additional structures placed on it.

[0009] The application of this method in the supply of marker smoke under pressure using a smoke generator and a modular unit consisting of a compressor or regenerative air blower, a control and monitoring system, where in real time it is possible to ensure uniform distribution of smoke in the waterproofing layer of the roof and the maximum contrast visual display of smoke exit points through waterproofing defects, which allows you to accurately determine the location and extent of leaks, and uniform distribution of marker smoke pressure prevents its leakage through non-target areas.

[0010] Marker smoke is developed using environmentally and health-safe components, providing high visual contrast against various roofing materials, even in low light or high humidity. The smoke's spectral composition is optimized to enhance its visibility in various weather conditions. A modular unit, consisting of a compressor or regenerative blower, and a control and monitoring system, allows for real-time adjustment of the speed and volume of marker smoke depending on the roof area and the estimated degree of waterproofing damage. A set of replaceable injector nozzles ensures uniform filling of the under-roof space. A set of replaceable injector nozzles allows for the formation of different types of indicator smoke streams and the adjustment of the flow rate depending on the type of area being diagnosed and the estimated size of the defect.The monitoring system monitors pressure changes under the roof in real time and automatically adjusts the flow of marker smoke to maintain optimal diagnostic conditions, without the risk of excessive pressure that could cause structural damage. After the smoke with marker additives is injected, the roof is inspected. Marker smoke exit points are clearly visible and marked in the system, allowing for precise localization of even the smallest leaks.

[0011] Example 1

[0012] Flat roof 1200 m 2Kindergarten. The roof is made of screed, bitumen waterproofing, and 200 mm of mineral wool insulation. Holes ranging from 10 mm to 50 mm are cut into the roof, into which tubes with nozzles are tightly inserted, which are then connected to a compressor. A smoke marker is injected into the roof under regulated pressure from 100 to 180 bar using a smoke generator and a modular unit. The smoke marker with fluorescent additives allows leaks to be identified, and the modular unit monitors excess pressure and records the leaks in the program. The survey identified three leaks, and localized roof repairs were then carried out.

[0013] Example 2

[0014] In a flat roof 350 m 2In a system consisting of mineral wool insulation, screed, and welded waterproofing, holes from 10 mm to 40 mm are made, and tubes with nozzles are inserted into the holes. A compressor with a pressure control and monitoring system is connected to the holes, which in turn is connected to a smoke generator. Smoke is injected into the roof under pressure, with a pressure of 80 to 120 bar. After filling the roof with marker smoke, marker smoke emerges from defects in the waterproofing or roof structure, allowing the defect to be identified. Minor defects requiring localized repairs were also detected early.

[0015] Example 3

[0016] Soft roofing 2000 m 2With a PVC membrane and penoplex insulation. Holes from 30 mm to 100 mm are cut into which tubes are inserted, which are then connected to a smoke generator, which in turn is connected to a regenerative blower with a pressure monitoring system. Smoke is injected into the roof structure at 350 bar, and smoke emissions indicate defects and are recorded by the system. Seven major roof leaks were discovered, but they were visually hidden under the top layer of insulation. The insulation was removed locally, and the roof was repaired.

[0017] The present invention allows for accurate and prompt detection of leaks and their rapid localization without additional damage to the coating.