Method and device for diagnosing technical systems based on their parameters

Abstract

FIELD: equipment diagnostics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to diagnosing technical systems, primarily operating under conditions of prolonged wear and change in the characteristics of elements. A method for diagnosing technical systems based on their parameters is proposed, comprising the following stages: creating a dynamic speed mode acceleration / coasting cycle from the minimum idle speed (IS) to the maximum IS frequency in the acceleration mode without load and from the maximum IS rotation speed to the minimum IS frequency in the coasting mode; continuously measuring the time intervals of the pulse sequence from the setter of known constant angular displacements of the drive shaft, based on which the instantaneous values of the angular velocity (AV) and angular acceleration (AA) are calculated; determining the nominal values of AV and AA for the acceleration and coasting modes at a given frequency characteristic of the technical system in the normal state, based on which the conditional mechanical efficiency (CME) and transfer coefficients taking into account internal losses are calculated. To determine the parameters characterizing each subsystem and their combinations in a technical system with rotating shafts and internal losses, comprising kinematically connected subsystems, where the final subsystem has a known moment of inertia, n acceleration / coasting cycles are sequentially performed, where n is equal to the number of subsystems. In each subsequent cycle, the next subsystem is connected to the previously tested set of subsystems, starting with the initial subsystem – the energy source and ending with the set of all subsystems, including the final subsystem with a known moment of inertia; based on the results of all n tests, a system of equations is compiled, the mathematical transformation of which makes it possible to determine the reduced moments of inertia and the power of mechanical losses for each subsystem separately and their sets in any combinations, and for the initial subsystem, the effective and indicated powers are additionally determined through the specified reduced moment of inertia, including transfer coefficients; after which the reliability of the calculations is checked by comparing the sum of the obtained moments of inertia of the subsystems, except for the final one, with the known value of the moment of inertia of the final subsystem in proportion to the transmission coefficients, as well as by comparing the calculated value of the power of mechanical losses during coasting for the set of power transmission subsystems with the final subsystem and by the deviation of the shape of the characteristics in the acceleration / coast modes and, on the basis of the obtained parameters from the normal values for the system, a judgment is made on the quality of performance and / or condition of the subsystems, their set and the system as a whole.EFFECT: increased accuracy in determining the condition of the system; increased reliability in detecting deviations from the standard; obtaining a comprehensive diagnostic measure that takes into account deviations in parameters and operating modes; the ability to adapt diagnostics to a specific technical system; improved assessment quality and reduced diagnostic time.7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0002] The claimed technical solution relates to the diagnostics of technical systems, primarily operating under conditions of prolonged wear and tear and changing component characteristics. The claimed solution can be used in the maintenance, repair, and monitoring of technical devices, including machines and mechanisms, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of their technical condition assessments.

[0003] STATE OF THE ART

[0004] There are known methods for diagnosing technical systems based on measuring operating parameters in static or steady-state operating modes. These methods use operating parameter values ​​and their deviations from standard values, comparing them with predetermined characteristics of functioning systems.

[0005] In the description of known methods for determining the parameters of an engine, transmission, power train and other technical systems, including a drive from an energy source (engine), the law of conservation of angular momentum is generally used in the form:

[0006] - moment of inertia reduced to the shaft (technical subsystem 1); J 2 - known moment of inertia (technical subsystem 2); ω 1 and ω 2 - angular velocities in different states of the systems. From the relationship with the known moment of inertia J 2 move on to the direct definition of the moment of inertia J 1 , which determines the energy parameters of the technical system under study. This method analyzes an ideal mechanism without the influence of additional factors.

[0007] The challenge in mechanical engineering and diagnostics is to improve the accuracy of determining the total (reduced) moment of inertia of all elements of various moving masses in a complex technical system of newly manufactured mechanisms and those in operation, taking into account the influence of internal losses (friction, elasticity, heat dissipation, etc.). We will demonstrate this problem in technical systems with an energy supply (subsystem 1 - engine) and a connected mechanism (subsystem 2 - additional mass or power transmission) based on ensuring energy balance according to a known relationship:

[0008] where Ni is the indicated power, Ne is the effective power, - power loss of subsystem 1 (engine); - the power loss of subsystem 2 (additional known mass or power transmission). Considering only subsystem 1, the effective power is determined by the formula:

[0009] because only one's own internal losses have an impact In the case of adding an additional mass with a known moment of inertia or connecting a power transmission, the technical system is combined and has a complex effect on the effective power, which changes by the amount of the power loss of subsystem 1 itself and the losses of the connected subsystem 2 according to the formula:

[0010]

[0011] from which follows: due to the influence of the overall mechanical efficiency, therefore, to determine the moment of inertia by connecting a known moment of inertia, it is necessary to take into account the inequality of the effective power (as well as the moment) before connection (designation Ne 1 ) with losses and after joining (designation Ne 12 ) with total power losses in the general case, having a transfer coefficient that characterizes the influence of the mechanical properties of subsystem 1 separately in the form and a complex of subsystems 1 and 2 in the form: but with a known moment of inertia of the added mass J 2 and the power loss of the connected mechanism calculated from it there is no solution for the simultaneous determination of engine power losses and the moment of inertia of the engine J 1 In their functional relationship without a transfer coefficient, in systems with internal losses. The problem can be interpreted when determining the moment of inertia and characteristics of a subsystem with jamming of parts of a malfunctioning mechanism and a properly functioning mechanism. For these mechanisms, the dynamic characteristics will differ significantly, but they will actually have the same moment of inertia. Therefore, the method for determining the mechanism's characteristics must take into account the technical condition of the system and its total internal losses.

[0012] The prior art includes a patent for invention EP 0704689 A2 “Procedure for determining the moment of inertia”, AVL VERBRENNUNGSKRAFT MESSTECH, published on 03.04.1996.

[0013] This patent describes a method for determining inertia by measuring positive acceleration (acceleration) and negative acceleration (coast), taking into account the correction of external torque for the moment of loss, while using the non-braking mode, correction for the moment of loss before calculating the moment of inertia.

[0014] The prior art includes patent application CN 104198196 A “Method for detecting equivalent inertia of rotating parts of automobile and engine”, WU MING, published 12 / 10 / 2014.

[0015] This application describes a method for detecting the equivalent inertia of rotating vehicle / engine parts based on dynamic rig tests and includes approaches using multiple measurements / sliding windows and averaging.

[0016] Also known from the prior art is patent RU 2438111 C2 “Energy method for determining the moment of inertia of an internal combustion engine”, Egorov Aleksey Vasilyevich et al., published 12 / 27 / 2011.

[0017] This solution relates to methods for brakeless testing of internal combustion engines. The method consists of mechanically connecting the shaft of an electric motor to the hub of a removed drive wheel of a motor vehicle, the lubricating and transmission oil of the internal combustion engine of which are warmed up to operating temperature, and the moment of inertia of the internal combustion engine is determined based on the difference between the moment of inertia of the system of rotating masses "electric motor shaft, transmission units, gearbox, internal combustion engine" with the direct gear of the gearbox engaged and the moment of inertia of the system of rotating masses "electric motor shaft, transmission units, gearbox" with the direct gear of the gearbox engaged and the clutch disengaged, established as a result of determining the active energy consumption,consumed by the electric motor in the process of increasing the rotational speed from zero to the nominal speed of the system of rotating masses "electric motor shaft, transmission units, gearbox, internal combustion engine with the direct gear of the gearbox engaged and the system of rotating masses "electric motor shaft, transmission units, gearbox" with the direct gear of the gearbox engaged and the clutch disengaged.,

[0018] Also known from the prior art is patent RU 2614743 C1 “Method for determining the main characteristics of the engine and transmission of a motor vehicle”, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “North Caucasus Federal University”, published 03 / 29 / 2017.

[0019] This solution pertains to vehicle inertial testing and can be used to monitor the technical condition and diagnose internal combustion engines and transmissions of motor vehicles. A method for determining the main characteristics of a vehicle engine and transmission involves determining the total moment of internal resistance forces in the vehicle, corresponding to the moment of inertia of the rolling drums, during coasting based on the change in the angular velocity of the vehicle's drive wheels, mounted on the rolling drums of the test stand, which act as an attached mass with a known moment of inertia. The total moment of inertia of the vehicle is determined during coasting based on the change in the angular velocity of the suspended drive wheels, using the obtained characteristic of the total moment of internal resistance forces in the vehicle, corresponding to the moment of inertia of the rolling drums.The total moment of internal resistance forces in a vehicle is determined using the total moment of inertia of the vehicle and knowing the angular velocity of rotation of the suspended drive wheels; the traction moment on the drive wheels of the vehicle is determined during acceleration by changing the angular velocity of rotation of the suspended drive wheels of the vehicle, using the obtained characteristic of the total moment of inertia of the vehicle, and, having carried out mathematical processing of the measured and obtained parameters, the main characteristics of the engine and transmission of the vehicle are determined.

[0020] The prior art also includes patent RU 2721992 C1 "Method for determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines and a device for implementing it", Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Novosibirsk State Agrarian University" and others, published May 25, 2020.

[0021] This solution relates to instrument making, in particular to determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines by measuring volumetric oxygen concentrations under operating conditions during acceleration and in steady-state full load mode. The method is based on continuous measurement in the engine operating cycle during multiple accelerations without load of instantaneous values ​​of oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases and at the entrance of the intake air tract, determining the average values ​​​​of the measured quantities in the engine operating cycle, upon reaching the specified engine speed, finding the ratio of these average values, averaging the obtained value over multiple accelerations, comparing it with a similar one, characteristic of the engine in normal technical condition, and, based on their difference, making a judgment on the technical condition of the engine as a whole, similar sequential measurement and processing of signals in the sections of cylinder operation, as well as in the ICE cycle,excluding the controlled cylinder, in addition, during the sequential deactivation of the cylinders and based on the ratio of the values ​​obtained in each case, a judgment is made regarding the distribution of the effective power among the cylinders, similar measurements and processing of signals in a steady-state full-load mode and a judgment is made regarding the technical condition of the engine as a whole and the distribution of the effective power among the cylinders. A device for determining the technical condition of internal combustion engines is also disclosed.

[0022] However, the solutions known from the prior art have a number of limitations:

[0023] - diagnostics are carried out mainly in static modes, while the information content of parameters in transient processes remains underutilized;

[0024] - the coefficients of influence of parameters and modes on the state of the system are fixed in advance and are not adapted to the individual characteristics of the object;

[0025] - reliable quantitative assessment of the transient characteristics “acceleration-coast” that allow the detection of hidden defects is not ensured;

[0026] - there is no single integrated measure that takes into account the interrelations of parameters and operating modes during diagnostics;

[0027] - acceleration and coasting parameters are used separately and are not combined into a single state model;

[0028] - the technical condition is assessed with less accuracy, since information about the dynamics is lost.

[0029] As a result, the accuracy of technical condition assessment decreases, and diagnostics may require highly qualified personnel and significant time investment.

[0030] The proposed technical solution addresses the shortcomings of current technology and offers a number of significant advantages. The proposed solution:

[0031] - uses both acceleration and coasting parameters simultaneously;

[0032] - forms a complete dynamic portrait of the system;

[0033] - allows you to calculate the reduced moments of inertia and power losses in both modes.

[0034] The advantage is increased diagnostic information content and improved condition assessment accuracy. For the first time, it is possible to separately determine the moments of inertia and power losses of each subsystem, not just the entire system. Calculation accuracy is improved due to the correct accounting of internal connection losses.

[0035] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0036] The technical problem, which the declared technical solution is aimed at solving, is the creation of a new device and method for diagnosing technical systems based on their parameters in order to increase the accuracy and information content of diagnosing technical systems by using the parameters of transient acceleration and coasting processes, as well as the creation of an adaptive complex measure of deviation of the diagnosed system from standard values.

[0037] The technical results are:

[0038] - increasing the accuracy of determining the technical condition of the system;

[0039] - increasing the reliability of detecting deviations from the norm through the analysis of transient processes “acceleration-coast”;

[0040] - obtaining a comprehensive diagnostic measure that takes into account deviations in parameters and operating modes;

[0041] - the ability to adapt diagnostics to a specific technical system;

[0042] - improving the quality of assessment and reducing the time spent on diagnostics.

[0043] The declared technical results are achieved through a method for diagnosing technical systems based on their parameters, which contains the following stages:

[0044] - create a dynamic speed mode cycle "acceleration-coasting" from the minimum idle speed to the maximum idle speed in the acceleration mode without load and from the maximum idle speed to the minimum idle speed in the coasting mode;

[0045] - continuously measure the time intervals of the pulse sequence from the setter of known constant angular displacements of the drive shaft, from which the instantaneous values ​​of angular velocity and angular acceleration are calculated;

[0046] - determine the nominal values ​​of angular velocity and angular acceleration for acceleration and coasting modes at a given frequency, characteristic of the technical system in a normal state, according to which the conditional mechanical efficiency (CME) and transfer coefficients are calculated, taking into account internal losses; in this case

[0047] - to determine the parameters characterizing each subsystem and their sets in a technical system with rotating shafts and internal losses, containing kinematically connected subsystems, where the final subsystem has a known moment of inertia, n "acceleration-coast" cycles are sequentially performed, where n is equal to the number of subsystems, while in each subsequent cycle, the next subsystem is connected to the previously tested set of subsystems, starting with the initial subsystem - the energy source and ending with the set of all subsystems, including the final subsystem with a known moment of inertia, based on the results of all n tests, a system of equations is compiled, the mathematical transformation of which makes it possible to determine the reduced moments of inertia and the power of mechanical losses for each subsystem separately and their sets in any combinations, and for the initial subsystem, the effective and indicated powers are additionally determined through the specified reduced moment of inertia,including transfer coefficients;

[0048] - after which the reliability of the calculations is checked by comparing the sum of the obtained moments of inertia of the subsystems, except for the final one, with the known value of the moment of inertia of the final subsystem in proportion to the transmission coefficients, as well as by comparing the calculated value of the power of mechanical losses during coasting for the set of power transmission subsystems with the final subsystem and by the deviation of the shape of the characteristics in the "acceleration-coast" modes and, on the basis of the obtained parameters from the normal values ​​for the system, they judge the quality of performance and / or technical condition of the subsystems, their set and the system as a whole.

[0049] In a particular embodiment, to improve the accuracy of calculating the moments of inertia, the calculated values ​​are checked through variations in the gear ratios during acceleration and coasting.

[0050] In another particular embodiment, in order to increase the accuracy of determining the parameters, additionally, if possible, a coasting of the power transmission subsystem assembly is carried out together with the final subsystem, the moment of inertia of which is known, and, based on the acceleration values ​​obtained in this mode, the coefficients are adjusted and the calculations of the parameters for each of the subsystems are refined.

[0051] In another particular embodiment, at all stages of testing it is sufficient to use one channel of measuring information - measuring the time intervals of the pulses of angular movements of the drive shaft.

[0052] In another particular embodiment, to improve the accuracy of determining energy and to improve the accuracy of diagnostics, the values ​​of efficiency mech are calculated, which by definition are a diagnostic parameter for the corresponding subsystems and their totality.

[0053] In another particular embodiment, when modeling the interconnection of subsystems and their totality, a transition is made from one subsystem to another along a functional connection through transfer coefficients based on the energy balance, including the influence of internal losses, in terms of the combination of efficiency mech, and based on dynamic properties, in terms of the combination of acceleration and run-down, of the corresponding subsystems and their totality.

[0054] In another particular embodiment of the implementation, the characteristics of acceleration-coast processes are recorded and stored in dynamic speed modes, the deviation of the shape of which is used to judge the dynamic properties of mechanical systems, including for the tasks of designing dynamic inertial stands and creating diagnostic methods based on them.

[0055] The declared technical results are also achieved through a device for diagnosing technical systems based on their parameters, containing:

[0056] - a speed sensor, an informative zone recognition unit, the input of which is connected to the digital filter output, a sample accumulation and averaging unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the informative zone recognition unit, an angular velocity and acceleration measurement unit, a mechanical efficiency measurement unit, having an informative output to the output interface input, a programmable potentiometer, having a signal input from the sensor and control inputs from the calibrator and hardware configurator and a signal output to the input of the time interval converter to code, the output of which is connected to the digital filter input, an informative zone recognition unit, the input of which is connected to the digital filter output, a sample accumulation and averaging unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the informative zone recognition unit, an angular velocity and acceleration measurement unit, having two connections from the sample accumulation and averaging unit, respectively, for the acceleration mode and for the coasting mode,a unit for measuring the mechanical efficiency, having corresponding inputs via connections from the outputs of the speed and acceleration measuring unit, a unit for measuring the transfer coefficients with similar inputs via corresponding connections from the mechanical efficiency unit, the third input of which is connected to the unit for measuring the angular velocity and acceleration and has a control connection from the operator interface and an information output to the input of the output interface unit, a unit for measuring the moment of inertia with one control connection from the operator interface and two inputs from the unit for measuring the mechanical efficiency and from the unit for measuring the transfer coefficient and an information output to the input of the output interface unit, a unit for calculating the parameters of the technical system with one input from the unit for measuring the moment of inertia and four outputs connected to the input of the output interface, with an input of the standard data transfer protocol,with the input of the hard disk unit and with the input of the comparison unit, the inputs of the latter are connected to the output from the hard disk unit and to the output from the operator interface unit, and the outputs of this comparison unit are connected by an information connection to the input of the output interface and a control connection to the input of the parameter input interface, which has two control outputs to the input of the hard disk unit and to the input of the hardware configurator, which has three control outputs for settings to the input of the digital filter, to the input of the information zone recognition unit and to the sample accumulation and averaging unit.

[0057] DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0058] The invention will be further described in accordance with the accompanying drawings, which are provided to clarify the essence of the invention and in no way limit the scope of the invention. The following drawings are attached to the application:

[0059] Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of n-number of subsystems and their combination as part of a technical system.

[0060] Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of a technical system consisting of three subsystems.

[0061] Fig. 3 illustrates a device for diagnosing technical systems based on their parameters.

[0062] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0063] The following detailed description of the invention includes numerous implementation details to provide a clear understanding of the present invention. However, one skilled in the art will readily understand how the present invention may be used with or without these implementation details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the features of the present invention.

[0064] Furthermore, it will be clear from the foregoing description that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described. Numerous possible modifications, changes, variations, and substitutions, while preserving the spirit and form of the present invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0065] The technical system under consideration (Fig. 1) is a kinematic connection of a finite number n of successive subsystems, where the final subsystem has a known moment of inertia.

[0066] The essence of the claimed solution in achieving the technical result consists in the condition of sufficiency of the solution of all equations of the technical dynamic system by two known parameters: by one parameter of the measured time intervals of the angular displacements of the drive and by the second parameter - the known moment of inertia of the mass attached to the object of examination, while the necessary condition is the implementation of all n acceleration-coasting cycles of the subsystems connected in series in their totality for measurement in tests using the braking method in order to determine all the characteristics of the technical system and its subsystems in any combination.

[0067] The stated decision defines:

[0068] - acceleration and coasting mode parameters reflecting changes in the operating characteristics of the system;

[0069] - coefficients of influence of each parameter on the general technical condition;

[0070] - an integral diagnostic measure formed by summing the weighted deviations of parameters from standard values.

[0071] The peculiarity of the declared solution is that the influence coefficients of the parameters are determined adaptively based on training using reference values ​​of serviceable systems.

[0072] Furthermore, the claimed solution consists of performing a number of tests equal to the number of subsystems in the technical system in the acceleration-coast mode, of sequentially connected subsystems and continuous measurement at each test of the values ​​of the time intervals of the pulse sequence of the setter of known constant angular displacements of the drive shaft of the technical system with a final test, when the final subsystem with a known inertial mass is connected and all elements of the technical system are included in a common kinematic connection with an additional known inertial mass.

[0073] Upon completion of all tests, equal to the number n of all subsystems (individual mechanisms) of the general technical system, the parameters for a specific technical system or their combination are determined.

[0074] Any subsystem is characterized by the following parameters:

[0075] N i - indicator power;

[0076] N e - effective power;

[0077] N loss - power loss of the subsystem itself;

[0078] k - transfer coefficient taking into account its own internal losses;

[0079] J - reduced moment of inertia;

[0080] ε a - acceleration (positive value) at the nominal value of the angular velocity;

[0081] ε b - coastdown acceleration (negative value) at the nominal value of the angular velocity;

[0082] η - conditional mechanical efficiency of the subsystem itself;

[0083] ω - angular velocity, for subsystems having an unambiguous connection by gear ratio.

[0084] The definition of subsystem parameters is performed in the following sequence.

[0085] 1. Based on the measured time intervals of the angular marks, the instantaneous values ​​of speed and acceleration are determined:

[0086]

[0087] where z is the number of marks (teeth on the angular displacement setter).

[0088] 2. For any of the n subsystems and their combinations, determine the efficiency mech η:

[0089]

[0090] 3. Determine the gear ratios:

[0091]

[0092] 4. Determine the moments of inertia for subsystem n using the known value of the moment of inertia:

[0093]

[0094] In this case, the calculations are checked based on the deviation of the values ​​of the known moment of inertia of the final subsystem and its calculated value using the formula:

[0095]

[0096] 5. Determine the energy parameters characterizing the state of subsystems and their aggregates in any combination using known formulas:

[0097]

[0098] Thus, all parameters in accordance with the structure of the technical system (Fig. 1) are determined.

[0099] The quality assessment of a mechanism sample and / or diagnostics of an object in operation is carried out based on the deviation from normal values ​​of the calculated parameters characterizing the technical condition of the subsystems (their internal losses) and their totality through the mutual influence of the efficiency of the mechanism and the transfer coefficients calculated based on the measured values ​​of angular velocity and acceleration, and the known moment of inertia of the attached mass.

[0100] The declared solution provides for the possibility of adjusting the influence coefficients and standard values ​​of parameters through periodic revision of the regulatory framework based on the operating data of a specific system.

[0101] This ensures:

[0102] - adaptability;

[0103] - taking into account the individual characteristics of the object;

[0104] - improving the accuracy of diagnostics in long-term operation.

[0105] To build a regulatory framework, the following steps are performed:

[0106] Multiple diagnostics of technical systems in good working order are carried out.

[0107] Based on the measurements of acceleration and coasting parameters, reference statistical values ​​of the parameters are generated.

[0108] The reference data is used to optimize the influence coefficients of the parameters, reflecting the degree of their significance for assessing the state.

[0109] The claimed solution can be used in a specific technical problem of determining the parameters of a vehicle's engine and transmission. In this case, the technical system (Fig. 2) has a structure consisting of subsystem 1 (engine), subsystem 2 (transmission), subsystem 3 (with a known moment of inertia), a set of subsystems 1 and 2 (vehicle), a set of subsystems 1, 2, 3 (vehicle - known inertial mass).

[0110] Subsystem 1 is a mechanism for supplying / converting energy in the form of mechanical power, torque on the drive shaft (internal combustion engine of a car).

[0111] Subsystem 1 is characterized by parameters with index 1:

[0112] N i - indicator power;

[0113] - effective power;

[0114] - power loss of subsystem 1 itself;

[0115] k1 - transfer coefficient taking into account its own internal losses;

[0116] J1 - reduced moment of inertia;

[0117] - acceleration (positive value) at the nominal value of the angular velocity;

[0118] - coastdown acceleration (negative value) at the nominal value of the angular velocity;

[0119] η 1 - conditional mechanical efficiency of subsystem 1 itself;

[0120] ω 1 - angular velocity, for subsystems having an unambiguous connection according to the gear ratio.

[0121] Subsystem 2 can be multi-block and in general represents a mechanism for transmitting torque or its consumer (power transmission, belt, chain, gear, shaft lines, compressors, pumps, wheels, roller press, other final drive device), for the case under consideration - this is a car transmission.

[0122] Subsystem 2 is similarly characterized by parameters with index 2.

[0123] Subsystem 3 is an additional mass with a known moment of inertia connected to the combined operation of subsystems 1 and 2. This means that a mass with a known moment of inertia is attached to the vehicle's wheel. Subsystem 3 is similarly characterized by parameters indexed 3.

[0124] Typically, in factory and operational conditions, subsystems 1 and 2 are used together, and subsystem 3 with a known moment of inertia is intended for inertial testing to determine the parameters and characteristics of subsystems 1 and 2.

[0125] The implementation of the invention in the task of determining the parameters of the engine and transmission of a vehicle is ensured by conducting tests in the following sequence:

[0126] - on a warmed-up engine with the gear disengaged (neutral), a test is performed in the acceleration-coast mode with the recording of time intervals of the angular marks following by a sensor installed opposite the engine flywheel ring gear (in Fig. 2 the subsystem is designated by index 1);

[0127] - the vehicle is lifted, the gear is engaged (in any sequence) and a test is performed on the warmed-up transmission in the acceleration-coast mode with the recording of the time intervals of the angular marks (in Fig. 2, the set of engine-transmission subsystems is designated by index 12);

[0128] - an additional mass with a known moment of inertia is attached to the suspended vehicle and a test is performed in the acceleration-coast mode with the recording of the time intervals of the angular marks (in Fig. 2, the set of engine-transmission-additional mass subsystems is designated by index 123).

[0129] For the correct interpretation of the designations of technical systems consisting of three kinematically sequentially connected and operating subsystems (three connected elements), the total moment of inertia is designated as J 123 , total power of mechanical losses - N 123 , Efficiency of the mechanical part - η 123 etc. When only two subsystems 1 and 2 are in operation, the total moment of inertia is designated as J 12 , parameters for any combination of subsystems are designated similarly.

[0130] Determination of engine and transmission parameters is performed according to known formulas in the following sequence:

[0131] 1. Based on the measured time intervals of the angular marks, instantaneous values ​​of speed and acceleration are determined using formula (1). The advantage of this method is that the sensor is installed on the engine and used for all tests within a single speed characteristic.

[0132] 2. Determine the efficiency of the mechanical component according to formula (2):

[0133]

[0134] 3. Determine the gear ratios:

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] 4. Create a system of equations using formula (4) and, after mathematical transformations, obtain dependencies for determining the moment of inertia of the engine and transmission:

[0138]

[0139] Checking the accuracy of calculation J 1 and J 2 carried out according to the dependence J 3 through the transfer coefficients k2 and k3: in this case, the calculated value of the moment of inertia J 3 must be equal to or close to the permissible error of the known value for subsystem 3. If this parameter deviates, the tests should be repeated to exclude errors in the testing and / or errors in the calculations.

[0140] 5. Determine the energy parameters characterizing the state of subsystems using known formulas:

[0141]

[0142] where for each subsystem the corresponding index is used in the formulas.

[0143] The accuracy of determining mechanical losses and the moment of inertia is checked using the obtained values ​​of coastdown acceleration. when performing a test in the coasting mode of the subsystem 2 assembly together with subsystem 3 (when this is possible, for example, on a suspended vehicle with the engine, the entire technical system is accelerated and, upon reaching maximum idle speed, the clutch pedal is sharply pressed and / or the gear on the transmission is disengaged):

[0144]

[0145] Thus, all parameters in accordance with the structure of the technical system (Fig. 2) are defined in various combinations.

[0146] The quality assessment of the manufactured engine and transmission of a vehicle and / or its diagnostics in operation is carried out based on the deviation from normal values ​​of the calculated parameters characterizing the technical condition of the engine and transmission (their internal losses) and their combination, through the mutual influence of the efficiency mech and transmission coefficients calculated based on the measured values ​​of angular velocity and acceleration, and the known moment of inertia of the attached mass.

[0147] A device (Fig. 3) for determining the parameters of a technical system, comprising a rotation speed sensor 1 connected to a programmable potentiometer 2, having control inputs from a calibrator 4 and a hardware configurator 6, and a signal output to a time interval to code converter 3, the output of which is connected to the input of a digital filter 7, an information zone recognition unit 8, the input of which is connected to the output of a digital filter 7, a sample accumulation and averaging unit 9, the input of which is connected to the output of the information zone recognition unit 8, an angular velocity and acceleration measuring unit 10, having two connections from the sample accumulation and averaging unit 9 for the acceleration mode and for the coasting mode respectively and an information connection with the input of the output interface 17, a mechanical efficiency measuring unit 11, having an information output to the input of the output interface 17 and corresponding inputs via connections from the outputs of the speed and acceleration measuring unit 10,a transfer coefficient measuring unit 12 with similar inputs via corresponding connections from a mechanical efficiency unit 11, the third input of which is connected to an angular velocity and acceleration measuring unit 10 and has a control connection from an operator interface 14 and an information output to the input of an output interface unit 17, a moment of inertia measuring unit 13 with one control connection from the operator interface 14 and two inputs from the mechanical efficiency measuring unit 11 and from the transfer coefficient measuring unit 12 and an information output to the input of an output interface unit 17, a technical system parameter calculating unit 15 with one input from the moment of inertia measuring unit 13 and four outputs arriving at the input of an output interface 17, at the input of a standard data transfer protocol 18, at the input of a hard disk unit 19 and at the input of a comparison unit 16,the inputs of which are connected to the output from the hard disk unit 19 and to the output from the operator interface unit 14, and the outputs of the comparison unit 16 are connected by an information connection to the input of the output interface 17 and by a control connection to the input of the parameter input interface 5, which has two control outputs to the input of the hard disk unit 19 and to the input of the hardware configurator 6, which has three control outputs for settings to the input of the digital filter 7, to the input of the information zone recognition unit 8 and to the sample accumulation and averaging unit 9. Service connections are not shown in the figure as they are not essential.

[0148] The operating principle of the device is as follows. The speed sensor 1 generates pulses, the frequency of which is proportional to the angular velocity of the shaft, and the number is proportional to the angle of rotation of the motor shaft, the sequence of these pulses is amplified by the programmable potentiometer 2 to the level of a stable signal, which is converted in the time interval converter 3 into a code into a sequence of numbers (codes) and is fed simultaneously to the digital filter 7 and to the calibrator 4, through which the automatic feedback loop is closed with the programmable potentiometer 2, which in this cycle sets the optimal value of the gain coefficient to improve the accuracy of measuring time intervals and generating codes with low deviation of low-order digits, while the initial setting for the potentiometer is loaded from the hardware configurator 6,in which the values ​​of the hardware settings are recorded on the hard memory of the device by the operator through the parameter input interface 5, then the signal from the time interval converter to the code is fed to the input of the digital filter 7, to the input of which the setpoint from the configurator for filtering the recorded dynamic acceleration-coast process is also fed, the prepared signal is fed to the information zone recognition unit 8, the boundaries of which are set by the frequency setpoint and the permissible deviation at the input from the configurator 6, while in the temporary memory of the unit, packets are continuously generated with reference to the boundaries and transmitted to the sample conversion unit 9, where these packets are averaged by the characteristics separately for the acceleration mode at output 1 and separately for the coasting mode at output 2 with reference to the frequency and the condition of the permissible statistical error, the setpoint of which is fed from the hardware configurator 6, the averaged samples of the characteristics are transmitted to the acceleration measurement unit 10,consisting of two differentiators for the corresponding data processing flows, and are also fed to the unit for measuring the efficiency of the mech 11 via input 1 for the acceleration mode and via input 2 for the coasting mode, the results of processing from measuring the efficiency of the mech 11 are received in the form of a direct characteristic to input 1 of the unit for measuring the transfer coefficients 12 and in the form of an inverse characteristic to input 2 of the unit for measuring the transfer coefficients 12 and in addition, a data packet of the acceleration characteristic is fed to input 3 from the acceleration measuring unit 10, all measured transfer coefficients are assigned an identifier of the test number, received at input 4 from the operator interface 14, and the identifier of the number of the subsystem participating in the test from the operator interface unit 14 is fed to the input of the unit for calculating the moment of inertia 13, and the measured values ​​are simultaneously fed from the unit for measuring the efficiency of the mech 11 and from the unit for measuring the transfer coefficients 12,whereby in the moment of inertia calculation block 13 a double identifier of the test number and the subsystem is assigned to the measured values ​​of the moment of inertia, wherein the identifier for all parameters from the moment of inertia calculation block 13 is saved when fed to the power measurement block 15, in which all parameters of the current test are finally measured, and the result is simultaneously fed to the output interface of block 17, to the standard data protocol transmission interface of block 18, to the input of a recording device such as a hard disk 19 and to the input of the comparison block 16 for comparison with the normal values ​​loaded from the memory of the hard disk of block 19 upon an operator command fed via the control input from the parameter input interface of block 5, wherein to carry out the comparison operation in the comparison block 16 the parameters of the permissible deviations are set by the operator through the operator interface of block 14, and the results of the comparison operation are fed to the only input of the parameter input interface 5,in which the operator can enable the command for automatic adjustment of the digital filter 7 according to the permissible deviation, and the operator can also enable the stop of the calibration cycle by means of the service setting of the hardware configurator 6, from which two inverse inputs are supplied to the programmable potentiometer 2, and the setpoint value is always known and supplied to the input of the hardware configurator 6 from the calibrator 4, while the values ​​of all settings, all measurement results and comparisons are supplied to the output interface 17.

[0149] Increasing the accuracy of measurements is achieved by the circuit for preparing the device for operation by amplifying the signal using the algorithms of the calibrator 4 and filtering the transient acceleration-coasting process using the algorithm of the digital filter 7 in the following sequence.

[0150] When the power is turned on, the previously configured setpoints in the permanent memory of the hardware configurator are transferred to blocks 2, 7, 8, 9. The device waits for a signal from the sensor, as soon as the signal arrives at the input of the programmable potentiometer, the calibration cycle of sequentially operating blocks 2, 3, 4 is automatically activated. Calibrator 4 is implemented on digital fast Fourier transform filters and calculation of a two-dimensional correlation function, which should tend to the optimal value for deviation due to deviations in the signal, by sequentially automatically adjusting the programmable potentiometer at value levels from 0 to 255, reaching the level at which the deviations are minimal, the calibrator 4 transfers the potentiometer value to the hardware configurator 6. For subsequent tests of a specific system, the operator can set the forced transfer of the potentiometer setpoint in interface 5 and not go through the calibration procedure the next time the device is turned on.

[0151] Digital filter 7 operates similarly, but the setpoint depends not on the signal, but on the calculation results due to significantly different processes in acceleration-coast modes for different technical systems. The filter has a harmonic setpoint that is a multiple of an integer fraction of the motor operating cycle phase, the value of which is determined by the number of teeth. When the operator enables error minimization mode in interface 5, multiple repetitions of acceleration-coast modes are enabled. Simultaneously, comparison unit 16 measures the deviation, and operator interface 5 automatically sets the initial setting based on the high harmonic. This harmonic cycles through hardware configurator 6, gradually approaching the optimal value, reducing the harmonic for digital filter 7. As soon as the error begins to diverge, the operator saves the setpoint, and the device is then used without the self-tuning cycle.

[0152] The proposed solution can be used to diagnose various technical systems, including electromechanical, transport, energy and technological units.

[0153] The method is especially effective in the presence of significant transient operating modes of the object, in which hidden defects that are not recorded during static diagnostics appear.

[0154] These application materials present a preferred implementation of the claimed technical solution, which should not be used as limiting other particular embodiments of its implementation that do not go beyond the scope of the requested scope of legal protection and are obvious to specialists in the relevant field of technology.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing technical systems with rotating shafts and internal losses based on their parameters, comprising the following stages: - create a dynamic speed mode cycle “acceleration-coasting” from the minimum rotation speed to the maximum rotation speed in the acceleration mode without load and from the maximum rotation speed to the minimum rotation speed in the coasting mode; - continuously measure the time intervals of the pulse sequence from the shaft angular displacement controller, based on which the instantaneous values ​​of angular velocity and angular acceleration are calculated; - determine the values ​​of angular velocity and angular acceleration for acceleration and coasting modes at a given rotation speed; - determine the conditional mechanical efficiency (CME) and transmission coefficients based on the measured values ​​of angular velocity and angular acceleration; - a sequence of tests is carried out corresponding to the number of subsystems of the technical system, and in each subsequent test, the next subsystem is successively connected to the previously tested set of subsystems, starting with the initial subsystem - the energy source and ending with the set of subsystems with the connected final subsystem, which has a known moment of inertia; - form a system of equations based on the measured values ​​of angular velocity and angular acceleration, conditional mechanical efficiency, transfer coefficients and the known moment of inertia of the final subsystem; - solve the specified system of equations and determine the reduced moments of inertia and power of mechanical losses of the subsystems; - carry out control of the reliability of calculations by comparing the obtained values ​​with the known moment of inertia of the final subsystem and the run-out parameters of the set of subsystems.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the gear ratios are determined separately for the acceleration and coasting modes.

3. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the coasting mode of the power transmission subsystem assembly is additionally carried out together with the final subsystem, the moment of inertia of which is known, and, based on the acceleration values ​​obtained in this mode, the coefficients are adjusted and the calculations of the parameters for each of the subsystems are refined.

4. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the measurement of time intervals of pulse repetition is carried out by one channel.

5. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the conditional mechanical efficiency coefficient is used as a parameter characterizing the state of the subsystems.

6. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that when modeling the interconnection of subsystems and their totality, a transition is made from one subsystem to another along a functional connection through transfer coefficients based on the energy balance, including the influence of internal losses, in terms of the combination of efficiency mech, and based on dynamic properties, in terms of the combination of acceleration and run-down, of the corresponding subsystems and their totality.

7. A device for diagnosing technical systems with rotating shafts and internal losses based on their parameters for implementing the method according to paragraph 1, comprising: - a rotation speed sensor, a block for recognizing informative zones, the boundaries of which are set by frequency and permissible deviation at the input from the hardware configurator, the input of which is connected to the output of the digital filter, a block for accumulating and averaging samples, the input of which is connected to the output of the block for recognizing informative zones, a block for measuring angular velocity and acceleration, a block for measuring mechanical efficiency, having an informative output at the input of the output interface, a programmable potentiometer, having a signal input from the sensor and control inputs from the calibrator and the hardware configurator and a signal output at the input of the time interval to code converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the digital filter, a block for recognizing informative zones, the input of which is connected to the output of the digital filter, a block for accumulating and averaging samples, the input of which is connected to the output of the block for recognizing informative zones, a block for measuring angular velocity and acceleration,having two connections from the sample accumulation and averaging unit respectively for the acceleration mode and for the coasting mode, a unit for measuring the mechanical efficiency having corresponding inputs via connections from the outputs of the speed and acceleration measuring unit, a unit for measuring the transfer coefficients with similar inputs via corresponding connections from the mechanical efficiency unit, the input of which is connected to the angular velocity and acceleration measuring unit and has a control connection from the operator interface and an information output to the input of the output interface unit, a unit for measuring the moment of inertia with one control connection from the operator interface and two inputs from the mechanical efficiency measuring unit and from the transfer coefficient measuring unit and an information output to the input of the output interface unit, a unit for calculating the parameters of the technical system with one input from the moment of inertia measuring unit and four outputs,connected with the input of the output interface, with the input of the standard data transfer protocol, with the input of the hard disk unit and with the input of the comparison unit, the inputs of the latter are connected with the output from the hard disk unit and with the output from the operator interface unit, and the outputs of this comparison unit are connected by an information connection with the input of the output interface and by a control connection with the input of the parameter input interface, which has two control outputs to the input of the hard disk unit and to the input of the hardware configurator, which has three control outputs for settings to the input of the digital filter, to the input of the information zone recognition unit and to the sample accumulation and averaging unit.