Building block (embodiments)

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to building elements in the form of blocks. The building block includes two slabs located in parallel one in front of the other or an outer cover and a hollow section formed by two slabs parallel to the outer cover, the slabs are connected to each other by lintels, wherein between the lintels in the vertical direction, as well as above and / or below said lintels in the horizontal direction between the slabs, protrusions are made on the pair of faces adjacent to each other of at least one of the slabs, and in the opposite pair of faces, recesses corresponding to said protrusions are made, a heat-insulating layer is mounted between the outer cover and the slab located behind the cover, protrusions are made on the pair of faces adjacent to each other of the cover and / or at least one of the slabs.EFFECT: increasing the functionality of the building block, reducing the labor intensity and labor costs for the construction of building structures using the building block and expanding the range of technical construction tools.21 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to construction, namely to building elements in the form of blocks [E04B 1 / 02, E04C 1 / 00, E04C 1 / 40, E04C 1 / 41, E04F 13 / 07].

[0002] A PORCELAIN GRANITE TILE is known from the prior art [RU 166296 U1, published: 20.11.2016], provided with pins along its edges, and its back side is provided with at least one embedded part in the form of a cap nut, located in the thickening of the tile, and at least 2-4 embedded parts for screwing pins into them for fastening insulation.

[0003] A disadvantage of the similar product is that the tile does not include a thermal insulation layer (insulation) but is designed to be attached to a supporting structure. Furthermore, the tile is intended for use only as a facing material.

[0004] Also known is a CONSTRUCTION BLOCK FOR STRINGER MASONRY [R U131761 U1, published: 27.08.2013], the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped with stretcher, header and bed flat faces, wherein in the block at least two vertical openings arranged sequentially along the stretcher face are made, at least one of which is a through vertical opening, the longitudinal axis of each of which is perpendicular to the plane of the bed face, and on each of the header faces perpendicular to the bed faces at least one notch is formed for forming during masonry together with the corresponding notch of the adjacent block of an additional vertical opening, characterized in that on one stretcher side the rectangular parallelepiped is made with one stretcher face formed by a vertically oriented plate, which at least at least two jumpers are connected to a part of this parallelepiped,forming another spoon face, in which the said at least two through holes are made, wherein the recesses on the butt faces are formed between the plate, one of the jumpers and the part of the rectangular parallelepiped forming the other spoon face, and on at least two opposite walls of at least one of the through holes, projections facing each other are made.

[0005] A disadvantage of this alternative is its limited functionality, due to the need for additional thermal insulation solutions for building structures made from this block. Furthermore, when constructing building structures, constant alignment of the blocks relative to each other is necessary, and due to the lack of tongue-and-groove connections, this requires considerable effort and expertise. Furthermore, the cavities in the block are vertical, preventing the horizontal installation of reinforcing elements or utility lines, requiring additional solutions.

[0006] The closest in technical essence is CLASS A HEAT-SAVING BUILDING BLOCKS AND HEAT-SAVING EXTERNAL WALL [CN 211172662 U, published 04.08.2020], where the class A heat-insulating block, characterized in that it consists of a block body and a heat-insulating plate, the block body has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, cavities are made in the block body passing through the upper and lower sides, the left and right sides of the block body have a first tenon and a first groove for the tenon, respectively, the upper and lower surfaces of the main body have a second tenon and a second groove, respectively, which correspond to each other, in the front or rear side of the block body there are engaging tenons extending along the entire height of the block, and the heat-insulating plate has grooves corresponding to the said engaging tenons, for installation thermal insulation plate on the block body.

[0007] The main technical issue with the prototype is its poor functionality, due to the need for additional finishing of the exposed surface of the insulation board to protect it from external influences. This is quite labor-intensive and time-consuming, requiring the use of additional structural elements. Furthermore, the second tongue and groove located on the upper and lower surfaces of the block are not completely extended, necessitating precise positioning of the blocks relative to each other during construction. Furthermore, the cavities in the block are vertical, preventing the horizontal installation of reinforcement or utility lines, requiring additional solutions.

[0008] The objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of analogues and the prototype.

[0009] The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the functionality of the building block, reducing the labor intensity and labor costs for the construction of building structures using the building block, and expanding the arsenal of technical construction means.

[0010] The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a building block, including two slabs located in parallel one in front of the other, between which lintels with flat surfaces are located, representing integral structures and forming through openings in the block between its slabs in the vertical direction, limited by the said slabs and two adjacent lintels, and also forming through openings in the block between its slabs in the horizontal direction above and / or under the said lintels, parts of plates inseparably adjacent to the slabs form stiffening ribs, on a pair of faces adjacent to each other of at least one of the slabs protrusions are made, and in the opposite pair of faces recesses corresponding to the said protrusions are made.

[0011] In particular, the building block is made of limestone-dolomite rock, concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, cinder concrete, arbolite, polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete, sand concrete, clay with the addition of sawdust, sandstone.

[0012] In particular, the outer surface of at least one of the plates is provided with a fine finish.

[0013] In particular, the outer surface of at least one of the plates is provided with a decorative finish.

[0014] In particular, the jumpers are made H-shaped.

[0015] In particular, the stiffening ribs are made along the entire height of the slabs.

[0016] In particular, the horizontal parts of the lintels are provided with recesses for placing reinforcing belt elements and utility networks in them.

[0017] In particular, on the side surface of at least one of the plates along the perimeter, a through groove is made.

[0018] In particular, the protrusions and recesses in the side edges of the slabs are made along the entire length and height of the slabs.

[0019] The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the building block, including two slabs located in parallel one in front of the other, between which lintels with flat surfaces are located, representing integral structures and forming through openings in the block between its slabs in the vertical direction, limited by the said slabs and two adjacent lintels, and also forming through openings in the horizontal direction above and / or below the said lintels, parts of the plates inseparably adjacent to the slabs form stiffening ribs, a heat-insulating layer is mounted between the outer cover and the slab located behind the cover, protrusions are made on the adjacent pair of faces of the cover and / or at least one of the slabs, and in the opposite pair of faces recesses corresponding to the said protrusions are made.

[0020] In particular, the building block is made of limestone-dolomite rock, concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, cinder concrete, arbolite, polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete, sand concrete, clay with the addition of sawdust, sandstone.

[0021] In particular, the thermal insulation layer is mounted to the outer cover and the plate facing it using a tongue and groove joint.

[0022] In particular, the thermal insulation layer is mounted to the outer cover and the plate facing it using a dovetail joint.

[0023] In particular, the thermal insulation layer is mounted to the outer cover and the plate facing it using adhesive bonding.

[0024] In particular, the thermal insulation layer is made of mineral wool, stone wool, polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate, foamed polyethylene, penoizol.

[0025] Specifically, the outer surface of the outer plate and / or outer cover is finished with a fine finish.

[0026] In particular, the outer surface of the outer plate and / or outer cover is provided with decorative finishing.

[0027] In particular, the jumpers are made H-shaped.

[0028] In particular, the stiffening ribs are made along the entire height of the slabs.

[0029] In particular, the horizontal parts of the lintels are provided with recesses for placing reinforcing belt elements and utility networks in them.

[0030] In particular, a through groove is made on the side surface of the heat-insulating layer along the perimeter.

[0031] In particular, the protrusions and recesses in the side edges of the slabs are made along the entire length and height of the slabs.

[0032] The figure shows a general view of the declared building block with a heat-insulating layer, on which the following is indicated: 1 - outer cover, 2 - slabs, 3 - lintels, 4 - heat-insulating layer, 5 - protruding elements, 6 - through groove, 7 - protrusions, 8 - recesses, 9 - stiffeners.

[0033] Implementation of the invention.

[0034] The building block comprises an outer cover 1 and a hollow section formed by two slabs 2 parallel to the outer cover 1, connected between lintels 3. The said lintels 3 are made in such a way that between the lintels 3 in the vertical direction, as well as above and / or below the said lintels 3 in the block, through-holes are formed for mounting utility networks through the block through these through-holes, reinforcing the building structure, as well as filling the hollow section with concrete (foam concrete, aerated concrete), other building mixtures used for the construction of building structures, heat and sound insulating materials.

[0035] Between the outer cover 1 and the plate 2 located behind the cover 1 and facing the cover 1, a heat-insulating layer 4 is mounted. The heat-insulating layer 4 is mounted to the outer cover 1 and the plate 2 facing it using a tongue and groove joint, for example, a "dovetail", for which purpose protruding elements 5 are formed integrally with the outer cover 1 and the plate 2 facing it, and corresponding elements are formed in the heat-insulating layer 4. The said protruding elements 5 and corresponding elements are formed along the entire height or length of the outer cover 1, the plate 2 facing it, and in the plate of the heat-insulating layer 4.

[0036] This design solution ensures reliable fastening of the thermal insulation layer 4 to the building block elements, which increases the service life of the block as a whole.

[0037] In one embodiment, the heat-insulating layer 4 can be additionally fastened to the outer cover 1 and the plate 2 facing it with an adhesive joint.

[0038] The outer cover 1 and the hollow section can be made of limestone-dolomite rock (screenings), concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, cinder concrete, arbolite (wood concrete), polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete, sand concrete, clay with the addition of sawdust, sandstone, etc.

[0039] Thermal insulation layer 4 can be made of mineral (stone) wool, polymer insulation (polystyrene foam, foam plastic), polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate, foamed polyethylene, penoizol, etc.

[0040] A through groove 6 is made along the perimeter of the exposed side surface of the thermal insulation layer 4. This groove forms a cavity for filling with adhesive to conceal the blocks and prevent them from settling (lifting). Foaming adhesives, such as polyurethane foam, can be used as the adhesive.

[0041] On the adjacent pair of faces of the outer cover 1 and / or at least one of the plates 2, projections 7 (ridges) are formed, and in the opposite faces of the outer cover 1 and / or at least one of the plates 2, recesses 8 (grooves) corresponding to the said projections 7 are formed, for placing the projections 7 in the grooves 8 and connecting the blocks to each other. The said projections 7 and recesses 8 are formed along the entire length and height of the outer cover 1 and / or at least one of the plates 2.

[0042] The lintels 3 are H-shaped. The vertical portions of the lintels 3 adjacent to the slabs 2 form stiffening ribs 9. In one embodiment, the said vertical stiffening ribs 8 extend across the entire height of the slabs 2.

[0043] In one of the implementation options, recesses are made on the horizontal parts of the lintels 3 for placing reinforcing belt elements (reinforcement, profiles) and utility networks in them.

[0044] In one embodiment of the building block, the heat-insulating layer 4 is made of the same material as the block itself and at the same time, that is, in essence, contains two slabs 2 connected to each other by jumpers 3, but one of the slabs 2 is made thicker and at the same time its design also includes protrusions 7 and recesses 8 along the edges of the thickened slab 2 and a through groove 6 along the entire perimeter of the side surface of this thickened slab 2.

[0045] The outer surfaces of the outer cover 1 and the plate 2 of the block can be finished, including decorative, which allows the block to be used as an element of construction and finishing.

[0046] The key difference between this proposed project and other existing blocks is its unique design, which includes fully finished external and internal walls with an air space between them for utility lines, reinforcement, and even roof drainage.

[0047] The novelty is due not only to the design itself, but also to one of the materials from which it can be made - screenings of limestone-dolomite rock.

[0048] The material's characteristics surpass those of almost all materials used today in low-rise construction, possessing high density and strength compared to aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete or foam concrete blocks, as well as high water absorption and frost resistance.

[0049] Objects constructed using the declared block have AAA class in thermal conductivity and sound insulation.

[0050] The declared wall block can be used as final permanent formwork for construction.

[0051] Advantages of using the block:

[0052] – no shrinkage;

[0053] – high speed of building construction;

[0054] – low labor intensity and labor costs in the construction of buildings;

[0055] – saving on facing materials.

[0056] – does not require painting;

[0057] – eco-friendliness.

[0058] During production, the wall block can be reinforced, for example, with fiber, or metal elements made of stainless or galvanized steel for reliability and durability of installation.

[0059] Wall blocks in a horizontal row are connected to each other by their lateral surfaces, while placing projections 7 in the lateral surface of one block with recesses 8 in the lateral surface of the adjacent block, wherein an adhesive composition is applied to the through grooves 6 of the blocks facing each other, thus ensuring the fastening of the blocks together. Vertically, the blocks are connected to each other by their upper and lower surfaces, while placing projections 7 in the upper surface of the lower block with recesses 8 in the lower surface of the upper block, wherein an adhesive composition is applied to the through grooves 6 of the blocks facing each other, thus ensuring the fastening of the blocks together. Moreover, the said adhesive composition, in the case of its foaming nature, for example in the form of mounting foam, increases its volume when applied within the cavity formed by the grooves 6 of two adjacent blocks facing each other, ensuring the fastening of the blocks, while eliminating the displacement of the blocks relative to each other.

[0060] Reinforcement that holds the structure together and elements of the facility’s utility networks are installed in the space formed by the hollow sections of the blocks fastened together.

[0061] Increasing the functionality of the building block, reducing the labor intensity and labor costs for the construction of building structures using the building block and expanding the arsenal of technical construction tools is achieved through:

[0062] The block is constructed from parallel slabs arranged one in front of the other, forming a frame structure that creates space between them for various functional elements (utilities, reinforcement, thermal insulation). The parallel arrangement of the slabs ensures uniform load distribution along the entire length of the block, enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the structure. This feature expands the arsenal of technical construction tools by creating a multifunctional block with an internal space, which increases functionality compared to monolithic blocks.

[0063] The slabs are connected with lintels, which provide spatial rigidity and strength to the entire block structure, creating a unified load-bearing system capable of supporting both vertical and horizontal loads. The lintels act as stiffeners, preventing deformation of the slabs during transportation, installation, and operation. This design solution enhances the block's functionality, ensuring its strength while preserving internal space for utilities.

[0064] formation between the lintels in the vertical direction, as well as above and / or below the said lintels in the horizontal direction between the slabs of through openings, which provide the possibility of vertical laying of utility lines (electrical wiring, ventilation ducts) and vertical reinforcement along the entire height of the wall, and through openings above and / or below the lintels in the horizontal direction provide a fundamentally new possibility of horizontal laying of utility lines (water supply, sewerage, heating) and horizontal reinforcement directly through the blocks without the need for chasing or the use of additional design solutions.This reduces the labor intensity and labor costs during the construction of building structures by eliminating the operations of chasing walls for the installation of communications, combining the process of laying blocks with the installation of communications, simplifying the process of reinforcing the structure, which in turn significantly expands the arsenal of technical construction tools, creating a block with integrated channels for communications and reinforcement, which increases the functionality of the block;

[0065] Providing projections on adjacent pairs of faces of at least one of the slabs and / or the outer cap, which ensures mechanical engagement (tongue-and-groove connection) of adjacent blocks both horizontally and vertically during installation. The projections fit into corresponding recesses in the adjacent block, ensuring precise horizontal positioning of the blocks without the need for constant geometry monitoring. This reduces labor intensity and costs by automatically aligning the blocks during installation (self-positioning), eliminating the need for additional alignment devices, speeding up the installation process by simplifying positioning, and reducing the skill requirements of installers.This feature increases the functionality of the block by integrating precise positioning elements into its design, and also forms a system for mutual fixation of blocks, which increases the functionality of the building block by ensuring the possibility of quick and precise installation, and expands the arsenal of technical means by creating a self-locking system of blocks;

[0066] making through grooves in the heat-insulating layer for applying adhesive composition into the said groove when connecting blocks together and fixing them mutually, which eliminates the displacement of blocks due to the use of foaming compositions as an adhesive composition, which significantly increases its volume when used;

[0067] Thus, the combination of all the listed features of the invention formula ensures the achievement of the claimed technical result by creating a multifunctional block that combines load-bearing elements (slabs and lintels), channels for communications and reinforcement (through openings) and a system of precise positioning (protrusions and recesses), simplifying installation (self-positioning of blocks), combining operations (masonry + laying of communications + reinforcement) and eliminating additional technological operations (grooving, alignment), creating a fundamentally new building block with integrated functions of laying communications, reinforcement and self-positioning, not implemented in known analogues.

Claims

1. A building block comprising two slabs arranged parallel to one another, between which are located lintels with flat surfaces, which are integral structures and form through openings in the block between its slabs in the vertical direction, limited by the said slabs and two adjacent lintels, and also form through openings in the block between its slabs in the horizontal direction above and / or below the said lintels, parts of plates inseparably adjacent to the slabs form stiffening ribs, on a pair of faces adjacent to each other of at least one of the slabs projections are made, and in the opposite pair of faces recesses corresponding to the said projections are made.

2. A building block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is made of limestone-dolomite rock, concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, cinder concrete, arbolite, polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete, sand concrete, clay with the addition of sawdust, and sandstone.

3. A building block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outer surface of at least one of the slabs is finished.

4. A building block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the outer surface of at least one of the slabs is made with a decorative finish.

5. A building block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the lintels are H-shaped.

6. A building block according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the stiffening ribs are made along the entire height of the slabs.

7. A building block according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the horizontal parts of the lintels are provided with recesses for placing reinforcing belt elements and utility networks in them.

8. A building block according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the projections and recesses in the side edges of the slabs are made along the entire length and height of the slabs.

9. A building block comprising two slabs arranged parallel to one another, between which lintels with flat surfaces are arranged, which are integral structures and form through openings in the block between its slabs in the vertical direction, limited by the said slabs and two adjacent lintels, and also form through openings in the horizontal direction above and / or below the said lintels, parts of plates inseparably adjacent to the slabs form stiffening ribs, a heat-insulating layer is mounted between the outer cover and the slab located behind the cover, projections are made on the adjacent pair of faces of the cover and / or at least one of the slabs, and recesses corresponding to the said projections are made in the opposite pair of faces.

10. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that it is made of limestone-dolomite rock, concrete, aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, cinder concrete, arbolite, polystyrene concrete, sawdust concrete, sand concrete, clay with the addition of sawdust, and sandstone.

11. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is mounted to the outer cover and the plate facing it using a tongue and groove joint.

12. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is mounted to the outer cover and the plate facing it using a dovetail joint.

13. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is mounted to the outer cover and the plate facing it using an adhesive joint.

14. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer is made of mineral wool, stone wool, polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate, foamed polyethylene, or penoizol.

15. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the outer surface of the outer plate and / or outer cover is made with a fine finish.

16. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the outer surface of the outer plate and / or outer cover is made with a decorative finish.

17. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the lintels are H-shaped.

18. A building block according to paragraph 17, characterized in that the stiffening ribs are made along the entire height of the slabs.

19. A building block according to paragraph 17, characterized in that the horizontal parts of the lintels are provided with recesses for placing reinforcing belt elements and utility networks in them.

20. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that a through groove is made on the side surface of the heat-insulating layer along the perimeter.

21. A building block according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the projections and recesses in the side edges of the slabs are made along the entire length and height of the slabs.

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