Method for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam and device for its implementation

Abstract

FIELD: fire extinguishing equipment.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to foam fire extinguishing of oil and petroleum product warehouses, namely to a method for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam and a device for its implementation. Two or more pulse fire extinguishing units are used for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, connected to each other by a supply manifold, in which additional mixing of the fire extinguishing agent solution and its saturation with gaseous and solid combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition occurs due to the supply of the solution to the manifold from different directions and turbulent flow conditions. A device for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam is configured, upon simultaneous activation of two or more pulse fire extinguishing systems from different directions, to supply a solution of a fire extinguishing agent into a supply manifold connecting two or more pulse fire extinguishing systems, while creating excess pressure in the manifold due to the continued combustion of the aerosol-forming composition and, as a result of the turbulent flow conditions of the solution in the manifold, with the production of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam at the outlet pipe of the manifold as a result of desorption.EFFECT: increase in the efficiency of fire extinguishing for the purposes of fire protection of tanks with oil and petroleum products as a result of additional mixing of the prepared foaming agent solution and additional saturation of the aerosol-forming composition with combustion products in the supply manifold.2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of foam fire extinguishing of oil and oil product warehouses, including extinguishing fires in tanks with oil and oil products with a volume of up to 100,000 m 3 : vertical steel tanks with a fixed roof without a pontoon, vertical steel tanks with a fixed roof with a pontoon, vertical steel tanks with a floating roof.

[0002] Warehouses containing oil and petroleum products are among the most dangerous facilities. This is due to a number of unresolved issues, leading to fires that cause significant damage to existing facilities.

[0003] In tank farms, existing fixed fire protection systems for vertical steel tanks do not provide sufficient protection, let alone rapid fire suppression. Most often, tank fires begin with an explosion of a steam-air mixture. This explosion leads to the roof being blown off, which results in the failure of these systems at the initial stage of the accident: in 75% of cases, foam generators failed, and in 25%, the supply pipes failed. Only by using mobile firefighting and other equipment were fires on tanks with the most severe accident consequences extinguished.

[0004] Analysis of statistics on fires in oil and petroleum product tanks showed that modern fire extinguishing systems cannot deliver foam with the required intensity.

[0005] Data showed that a large number of extinguishing efforts were unsuccessful, even though fire suppression systems met or exceeded the foam intensity and dwell time prescribed by industry standards.

[0006] A device for producing self-foaming gas-filled foam is known (patent RU 2 622 815 C1, MGZ A62C 5 / 02 (2006.01), published on 06 / 20 / 2017).

[0007] The essence of this technical solution is that in the device for producing self-foaming gas-filled foam, which includes a sealed container, a gas-generating device with a solid propellant charge, a system of pipelines and supply pipes, the gas-generating device is provided with a charge of an aerosol-forming composition, is installed in the upper part of the container and is provided with a gas-water pipe with an external heat-protective coating, in the lower part of the gas-water pipe a conical diffuser of aerosol products of combustion of the charge with radial holes is installed, ensuring their outflow into the lower part of the container and bubbling of the foaming agent solution with saturation of the solution with a fire-extinguishing aerosol, and the generator of the gas-generating device is made in the form of a set of aerosol generators, consisting of two or more generators having separate combustion chambers with gas-water pipes and turned on simultaneously,sequentially or in groups in accordance with the required intensity of supply of foaming agent solution to the combustion source,

[0008] A disadvantage is that the combustion products of the gas generator are fed exclusively to the bottom of the tank through a conical diffuser, making the mixing process time-consuming and the process of saturating the prepared solution with aerosol combustion products ineffective. Another disadvantage is that the foaming agent solution, already weakly saturated with combustion products from the gas generator, is fed directly to the device's outlet.

[0009] A method for producing self-foaming gas-filled foam and a device for implementing it are known (patent RU 2 678 257 C1, IPC A62C 5 / 02 (2006.01), published on 01 / 24 / 2019), adopted as a prototype of the claimed method for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam and a device for implementing it.

[0010] The method involves bubbling combustion products through a foaming agent solution, saturating the solution with gases in a sealed container, and feeding it to the combustion source, forming self-foaming gas-filled foam on its surface. To create the foaming agent solution, the concentrated foaming agent solution is vigorously mixed with water in the container, and then, after a delay of 3 to 10 seconds, the resulting foaming agent solution is fed to the combustion source. A device for implementing this method is also provided.The essence of the claimed device is that in the device for producing self-foaming gas-filled foam, which includes a sealed container, a gas-generating device made in the form of a set of aerosol generators consisting of two or more generators having separate combustion chambers with gas-inlet pipes, switched on simultaneously, sequentially or in groups in accordance with the required intensity of supply of the foaming agent solution to the combustion source and ensuring the outflow of combustion products of the aerosol generators into the lower part of the container and bubbling of the foaming agent solution with saturation of the solution with fire-extinguishing aerosol, wherein the sealed container is filled with water, and the concentrated foaming agent solution is stored in a separate container on which a gas-generating device is installed, similar to generators mounted on a container with water.

[0011] The disadvantage is that the foaming agent solution, which is ready and weakly saturated with combustion products from the aerosol generators, is fed directly to the outlet pipe of the device.

[0012] The objective of the claimed method for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam and the device for implementing it is to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing for the purposes of fire protection of tanks with oil and oil products as a result of additional mixing of the prepared foaming agent solution and additional saturation with combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition in the supply manifold connecting two or more pulse fire extinguishing installations, namely by throwing a solution of the fire extinguishing agent and combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition into the supply manifold from different directions and a turbulent flow regime of the fire extinguishing agent solution through the manifold with the production of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam at the outlet pipe of the manifold due to the pressure difference as a result of desorption.

[0013] The essence of the claimed method consists in using two or more pulse fire extinguishing units for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, connected to each other by a supply manifold, in which additional mixing of the fire extinguishing agent solution and its saturation with gaseous and solid combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition occurs, due to the supply of the solution to the manifold from different directions and a turbulent flow regime, as well as excess pressure in the manifold due to the continued combustion of the aerosol-forming composition, as a result of which the multiplicity of the foam obtained increases to 20 at the outlet pipe of the manifold due to the pressure difference as a result of desorption, and its fire extinguishing capacity increases.

[0014] The essence of the claimed device is that when two or more pulse fire extinguishing installations are simultaneously activated to supply self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, the fire extinguishing agent solution is supplied to the supply manifold connecting them from different directions, creating excess pressure in the manifold due to the continued combustion of the aerosol-forming composition and, as a result of the turbulent flow regime of the solution in the manifold, obtaining at the outlet pipe of the manifold as a result of the desorption of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam with a multiplicity of 20.

[0015] The figure shows a device that implements the claimed method for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam.

[0016] The device consists of two or more pulse fire extinguishing units for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam 1, outlet pipes of the units 2, and a supply manifold 3.

[0017] The operating principle of the device.

[0018] When the pulse fire extinguishing systems are activated simultaneously to supply self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam 1, the solution of the fire extinguishing agent is supplied through the outlet pipes of the systems 2 into the supply manifold 3 connecting them from different directions, creating excess pressure in the manifold due to the continued combustion of the aerosol-forming composition and, as a result of the turbulent flow regime of the solution in the manifold, at the outlet pipe of the manifold, obtaining self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam as a result of desorption.

[0019] The technical effect of the claimed method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of extinguishing fires in tanks with oil and oil products as a result of using two or more pulse fire extinguishing units for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, connected to each other by a supply manifold, in which the process of mixing a concentrated solution of a foaming agent with water and saturating the finished solution of the fire extinguishing agent with gaseous and solid combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition continues, due to the injection of a solution of the fire extinguishing agent and combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition into the manifold from different directions and a turbulent flow regime of the solution of the fire extinguishing agent through the manifold with the production at the outlet pipe of the manifold, due to the pressure difference as a result of desorption, of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam with a multiplicity of 20.

[0020] The technical effectiveness of the claimed device is due to its use in producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam. Using a feed manifold connecting two or more units allows for additional mixing of the concentrated foaming agent solution with water and the enrichment of the resulting fire extinguishing agent solution with the gaseous and solid combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition. This results in foam with improved properties, namely, a higher expansion ratio of up to 20.

[0021] To confirm the effectiveness of the claimed method for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam using the device for its implementation, full-scale tests were conducted, which showed the following:

[0022] - required by the regulatory document SP 155.13130.2014 with amendment 2 “Oil and petroleum product warehouses. Fire safety requirements” with amendment 2, clause G.4 “The calculated amount of foaming agent solution in the pulse fire extinguishing system must ensure the specific consumption of the fire extinguishing agent (self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam) on the horizontal surface (base area) of the tank, regardless of its design, of 12 l×m -2 With a delivery time of no more than 40 seconds, the intensity achieved with this method and application of the proposed device not only exceeds the minimum requirements but also significantly exceeds them. A specific consumption of fire extinguishing agent (self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam) on the horizontal surface of the tank was obtained at 12 l / m. -2 with a feed duration of 26 seconds.

[0023] - the required response time of automatic fire alarm systems (UIS) in accordance with the regulatory document SP 155.13130.2014 with amendment 2 "Oil and petroleum product warehouses. Fire safety requirements" clause G.5 "The response time of automatic fire alarm systems should not exceed 60 seconds" was 8 s with this method and the use of the proposed device.

[0024] - the volume of the residual fire extinguishing agent solution was 0% (requirement of clause 5.23 of GOST R “Impulse fire extinguishing units for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam” (at the stage of approval in the State Standard, voting protocol No. 62 dated 13.01.2025 of the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”) “no more than 10% of the total volume of water and foaming agent filled into the unit”).

[0025] - the foam expansion ratio was 20 (requirement of clause 5.25 of GOST R “Impulse fire extinguishing units for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam” (at the stage of approval in the State Standard, voting protocol No. 62 dated 13.01.2025 of the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”) “the unit must ensure the supply of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam of low expansion, not lower than 4”).

[0026] As a result, high efficiency of fire extinguishing, namely extinguishing fires in tanks with oil and oil products due to additional mixing of a concentrated foaming agent solution with water and saturation of the finished extinguishing agent solution with gaseous and solid combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition in the supply manifold connecting the pulse fire extinguishing units, due to the injection of a fire extinguishing agent solution and combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition into the manifold from different directions and the turbulent flow regime of the extinguishing agent solution through the manifold with the production of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam with a multiplicity of 20 at the outlet pipe of the manifold due to the pressure difference as a result of desorption.

Claims

1. A method for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, which consists of using two or more pulse fire extinguishing units for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, connected to each other by a supply manifold, characterized in that a concentrated solution of foaming agent is additionally mixed with water and the finished solution of fire extinguishing agent is saturated with gaseous and solid combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition in the supply manifold connecting two or more pulse fire extinguishing units, by throwing a solution of fire extinguishing agent and combustion products of the aerosol-forming composition into the manifold from different directions during a turbulent flow regime of the solution of fire extinguishing agent through the manifold and self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam is obtained at the outlet pipe of the manifold due to the pressure difference as a result of the desorption process.

2. A device for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, consisting of two or more pulse fire extinguishing units for supplying self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam, outlet pipes of the units and a supply manifold, characterized in that the device for producing self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam is designed with the ability, upon the simultaneous operation of two or more pulse fire extinguishing units from different directions, to supply a solution of the fire extinguishing agent into a supply manifold connecting two or more pulse fire extinguishing units, with the creation of excess pressure in the manifold due to the continued combustion of the aerosol-forming composition and, as a result of the turbulent flow regime of the solution in the manifold, with the production at the outlet pipe of the manifold as a result of the desorption of self-foaming gas-aerosol-filled foam.

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