Mobile air purifier

Abstract

FIELD: air purification; conditioning.SUBSTANCE: proposed invention relates to mobile devices for purifying the air of residential, administrative and religious premises from harmful components (for example, CO2, water vapor, pathogenic microorganisms) emitted during human breathing. A mobile air purifier comprises a housing consisting of a rectangular box with removable side walls, equipped with rotating legs with wheels, in which from top to bottom are located: an input chamber, a first cleaning chamber, a ventilation chamber, a second cleaning chamber, an output chamber and a liquid collection chamber, wherein the outer walls of all chambers are made of a dielectric material, in addition, the outer surface of the dielectric material of the first cleaning, ventilation and second cleaning chambers is covered with a layer of sound-absorbing material, the input chamber is closed at the top with an intake grill and equipped with a shower device with a valve, in the first cleaning chamber there is a first removable cassette with perforated walls, made of metal and filled with staggered steel perforated strips having a length equal to the length of the removable cassette, located at an angle of 45°C relative to the horizon with a distance from each other equal to Δ, in the center of the ventilation chamber there is a fan attached to the walls of the housing with inclined bars, below which there is a shower device with a valve, there is also a source of direct current (battery or alternating current converter), in the second cleaning chamber there is a second removable cassette made of metal, the side and end walls of which are made perforated and divided into vertical compartments by zigzag air channels, the side walls of which are also made perforated, the vertical compartments themselves are filled with pumice granules made from metallurgical slags with a basicity modulus M>1, in the outlet chamber the outer walls are made of lattice, and in the liquid collection chamber there is a conical tank equipped with a discharge valve, wherein both cassettes are installed on limiting bars attached to the walls of the housing, the source of direct current is connected by electric wires to the housings of the removable cassettes, which serve for slag granules and steel strips of the anode and cathode buses, respectively.EFFECT: reduction in the noise level produced by the fan and an increase in the economic efficiency of the mobile air purifier.2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

[0001] The proposed invention relates to air purification and conditioning, namely, to mobile devices for purifying the air of residential, administrative and religious premises from harmful components (for example, CO2, water vapor, pathogenic microorganisms) emitted during human breathing.

[0002] An air purifier is known, comprising a housing consisting of a rectangular box equipped with rotating legs with wheels, a removable tray with a drain nipple, a removable distribution grille, a rear pyramidal cover, in the upper right corner of which an adjustment niche is arranged, and in the center a fan is located, the suction side of which is closed by an intake grille, and inside the housing there is a cleaning chamber consisting of perforated cassettes located one above the other, the ends of which are equipped with front and rear turn signals and are connected to each other through the front turn signals with two front fixed posts rigidly connected to the top and bottom of the front end of the rectangular box, and through the rear turn signals with two rear movable posts with the formation of air channels between the perforated cassettes, wherein the perforated cassettes are filled with pumice granules made from metallurgical slags with a basicity modulus M> 1,The front and rear turn signals have the same design, which is a pair of ears attached perpendicularly to the ends of perforated cassettes, with holes through which a freely rotating shaft is passed, rigidly connected to the front fixed and rear movable posts, to the right rear movable post perpendicular to it, an adjusting lever of rectangular cross-section is rigidly connected, which is passed through the socket of the adjusting gap located in the adjusting niche, a rectangular hole of the sliding bar closing the adjusting gap, an elastic element and is connected by the output end through a threaded connection to the tip, and for washing the granulated pumice, a shower device is included in the air cleaner kit [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2630446, IPC F24F3 / 16, 2017].,

[0003] The main disadvantages of the well-known air purifier are its limited ability to purify air from contaminants and pathogens, due to a decrease in the adsorption activity of granulated slag as it becomes saturated and the lack of an adsorbent capable of adsorbing negatively charged microparticles, which include many pathogenic microorganisms, which reduces its environmental effectiveness.

[0004] Closer to the proposed invention is an air purifier for rooms, containing a housing consisting of a rectangular box, equipped with rotating legs with wheels, a rear end pyramidal cover, in the center of which a fan is located, the suction side of which is closed by an intake grille, a front end window, in the roof of the housing, windows are arranged at the ends, which divide the internal cavity of the housing in the direction of air movement into three chambers: an input, a middle and an output, wherein the input and output chambers are equipped with limiting strips from the inside at the top and bottom, all parts of the housing are made of a dielectric material (for example, fiberglass).Inside the housing, in the inlet and outlet chambers, between the restrictive bars, vertical removable cassettes made of metal (e.g., aluminum) are installed. The lids of these cassettes are equipped with handles. Their side and end walls are perforated and divided into vertical compartments by zigzag air channels, the side walls of which are also perforated. Moreover, the vertical compartments of the inlet chamber cassette are filled with pumice granules made from metallurgical slags with a basicity modulus M>1, the vertical compartments of the outlet chamber cassette are filled with silica gel grains, and the middle chamber contains a DC source (battery or AC converter), connected by electrical wires to the housings of the removable cassettes of the inlet and outlet chambers. These wires serve as anode and cathode buses for the slag granules and silica gel particles, respectively.

[0005] The main disadvantages of the well-known indoor air purifier are the noise generated by the fan, which reduces the comfortable conditions in the room, and the complex, expensive method of regenerating the silica gel adsorbent, which reduces its economic and environmental efficiency.

[0006] The technical result, which the proposed invention is aimed at solving, is a reduction in the noise level produced by the fan and an increase in the economic efficiency of the mobile air purifier.

[0007] The technical result is achieved by a mobile air purifier containing a housing consisting of a rectangular box with removable side walls, equipped with rotating legs with wheels, in which from top to bottom are located: an input chamber, a first cleaning chamber, a ventilation chamber, a second cleaning chamber, an output chamber and a liquid collection chamber, wherein the outer walls of all chambers are made of a dielectric material, in addition, the outer surface of the dielectric material of the first cleaning, ventilation and second cleaning chambers is covered with a layer of sound-absorbing material, the input chamber is closed at the top with an intake grill and equipped with a shower device with a valve, in the first cleaning chamber there is a first removable cassette with perforated walls, made of metal and filled with staggered steel perforated strips having a length equal to the length of the removable cassette,located at an angle of 45° relative to the horizon with a distance from each other equal to ∆, in the center of the ventilation chamber there is a fan attached to the walls of the housing with inclined bars, below which a shower device with a valve is placed, a source of direct current (a battery or an AC converter) is also located there, in the second cleaning chamber there is a second removable cassette made of metal, the side and end walls of which are made perforated and divided into vertical compartments by zigzag air channels, the side walls of which are also made perforated, the vertical compartments themselves are filled with granules of pumice made from metallurgical slags with a basicity modulus M> 1, in the outlet chamber the outer walls are made of lattice, and in the liquid collection chamber a conical tank is installed, equipped with a discharge valve, while both cassettes are installed on limiting bars attached to the walls of the housing,the DC source is connected by electrical wires to the housings of the removable cassettes, which serve as slag granules and steel strips for the anode and cathode buses, respectively.

[0008] The invention is explained by a drawing, where Fig. 1–3 shows a general view and sections of a mobile air purifier (MAP), and Fig. 4–7 shows units A, B and their sections.

[0009] The MOV comprises a housing 1 consisting of a rectangular box 2 with removable side walls, equipped with rotating legs 3 with wheels 4, in which from top to bottom are located: an inlet chamber 5, a first cleaning chamber 6, a ventilation chamber 7, a second cleaning chamber 8, an outlet chamber 9 and a liquid collection chamber 10, wherein the outer walls of all chambers are made of a dielectric material 11 (for example, fiberglass), in addition, the outer surface of the dielectric material 11 of the first cleaning chamber 6, the ventilation chamber 7 and the second cleaning chamber 8 is covered with a layer of sound-absorbing material 12 (for example, foam plastic), the inlet chamber 5 is closed with an intake grate 13 and equipped with a shower device 14 with a valve 15, in the first cleaning chamber 6 there is a removable cassette 16 with perforated walls, made of metal (for example, made of stainless steel and filled with staggered perforated steel strips 17,having a length equal to the length of the cassette 16, located at an angle of 45° relative to the horizon with a distance from each other equal to ∆ (the fastening units are not shown in Figs. 1–7), in the center of the ventilation chamber 7 there is a fan 18, attached to the walls of the housing 1 by inclined bars 19, below which a shower device 20 with a valve 21 is placed, a direct current source (battery or alternating current converter) 22 is also located there, in the second cleaning chamber 8 there is a removable cassette 23 made of metal (for example, aluminum), the side and end walls of which are made perforated and divided into vertical compartments 24 by zigzag air channels 25, the side walls of which are also made perforated, the vertical compartments 24 themselves are filled with pumice granules 26, made from metallurgical slags with a basicity modulus M> 1, in the outlet chamber 9 external walls 11 are made of lattice,and in the liquid collection chamber 10 a conical tank 27 is installed, equipped with a discharge valve 28, while the cassettes 16 and 23 are installed on limiting strips 29 attached to the walls of the housing 1, the direct current source 22 is connected by electric wires 30 and 31 with the housings of the removable cassettes 16 and 23, which serve for slag granules 26 and steel strips 17 as anode and cathode buses, respectively.

[0010] The operation of the proposed MOV is based on the chemical composition of the air in residential, administrative and religious buildings, determined by the components released during human breathing (for example, CO2 and water vapor), candle smoke, as well as pathogenic microorganisms, the particles of which have a negative charge), the high solubility of carbon dioxide compared to other components of the air in water [Handbook of a Chemist, vol. III. - M. - L.: Chemistry, 1965, p. 316], the high rate of the oxidation reaction of NO to NO2 and SO2 to SO3, which dissolve well in water with the formation of HNO3 and H2SO4 [Nenitsescu K. General Chemistry. - M.: Higher School, 1958, p. 275; Kutepov A. M. et al. General Chemical Technology. - M.: Higher School, 1985, p. 348], the high value of the basicity modulus of metallurgical pumice granules 26, which gives them basic properties [Construction Materials. Handbook. Ed. by Boldyrev A.S. et al. – Moscow: Stroyizd., 1989, p. 423; Domokeev A.K. Construction Materials. – Moscow: Higher School, 1989, p.163], which allow substances with acidic properties, which include the above-mentioned harmful components, to be sorbed on their surface. Since pathogenic microorganisms may contain particles with a negative charge [N. Ya. Spivak et al. Antiviral, antioxidant and catalytic activity of trace elements in a low oxidation state, journal Microelements in Medicine, No. 3, pp. 3–23, 2020], positively charged perforated stainless steel strips are used as an adsorbent [Chem. 21, info (p. 418)], the use of which is due to their electrostatic ability (positively charged particles adsorb molecules with negative charges) [Yu. I. Shumyatsky. Adsorption processes. Tutorial. – M.: Russian University of Chemical Technology, 2005, pp. 13–18]. In addition, stainless steel is a relatively inexpensive and widely available product.For its use in adsorption based on electrostatic interaction, polarization of perforated (perforation is used to increase the contact area) steel strips 17 with positive charges, respectively, from a direct current source 22 is used. In addition, additional polarization of granulated slag 26 with negative charges is performed.

[0011] Purification of indoor air from harmful components (CO2, CO, NO х , SO х, water vapor, pathogenic microorganisms) and dust is carried out by the MOV in the following way. The MOV is installed in the room in such a way that free air intake and its supply into the room volume are ensured, it is connected to the electrical network, the fan 18 and the direct current source 22 (battery or AC converter) are turned on, which supplies electricity through electrical wires 30 and 31 to cassettes 16 and 23 with a voltage of 2-3 V and a power of several W (the installed power of source 22 depends on the mass of adsorbents 17, 26 and is determined empirically).

[0012] The air in the room is sucked in by the fan 18 through the grille 13 due to the vacuum created by it, passes through the inlet chamber 5, enters the first cleaning chamber 6, where the cassette 16 is installed, filled with perforated steel strips 17, which adsorb negatively charged impurities, including particles of pathogenic microorganisms, after which the air enters the second cleaning chamber 8, where the removable cassette 23 is installed, in which, moving along its zigzag vertical channels 25, which also impart a zigzag turbulent movement to it, penetrates through the openings in their perforated walls into the vertical compartments 24 filled with granules of slag pumice 26 with a diameter of 10 to 20 mm, made from the main metallurgical slags (the diameter of the granules 26 is assigned from the conditions of ensuring a minimum aerodynamic resistance of the 2nd cleaning chamber 8 and the nomenclature of sizes of metallurgical pumice granules).Basic metallurgical pumice is a material with a highly porous, mechanically strong structure (compressive strength up to 2.7 MPa), consisting of calcium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and partially magnesium oxide (CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MnO) with a basicity modulus of M> 1. The high value of the basicity modulus gives the granules 26 basic properties that allow them to sorb substances with acidic properties on their surface, which include many harmful impurities in indoor air (CO2, NO x , SO x, CO). In addition, based on their composition, metallurgical slags are resistant to the corrosive effects of acidic components of polluted air, are widely available and relatively inexpensive. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides adsorbed from the air in the pores of granules 26 have increased reactivity due to their interaction with the surface of the adsorbent—slag pumice granules [Nenitsescu K. General Chemistry—Moscow: Mir, 1968, p. 298], and are therefore oxidized by oxygen at a rate greater than in the gas phase, forming readily water-soluble NO2 and SO3, which, in turn, interact with particles of acidified water remaining in the pores of granules 26, forming the corresponding acids HNO3 and H2SO4. In addition, fine particles (dust, soot, etc.) settle on the surface and in the pores of granules 26.As a result, the air after the second purification chamber 8 is purified of a significant portion of the aforementioned harmful components and dust. Its composition is averaged in the outlet chamber 9. From there, the air, purified of chemical, mechanical, and pathogenic impurities, enters the serviced room through the grated walls of the outlet chamber 9, resulting in significantly improved environmental performance. Furthermore, the placement of fan 18 within housing 1, enclosed by a layer of sound-absorbing material 12, significantly reduces noise levels in the room.

[0013] When the activity of slag pumice granules 26 and steel strips 17 in perforated cassettes 16 and 23 decreases, these adsorbents are regenerated (to regenerate both adsorbents at the same time, their adsorption capacities must be approximately equal, which is determined in advance). The regeneration process consists of alternately flushing the adsorbents (steel strips 17 and granulated slag 26) with water through shower devices 14 and 20 and consists of flushing the adsorbents from dust particles, soot, and acidic water containing captured oxides of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. Flushing is carried out with tap water. After regeneration, dirty water is chlorinated, if necessary. The amount of flushing water and the duration of flushing are determined empirically. After flushing, the adsorbents are purged with air by turning on fan 18.Complete replacement of adsorbents is carried out depending on their mechanical strength and adsorption activity.

[0014] At the same time, dirty acidified water discharged into the sewer system due to the significant content of carbon dioxide in it will promote photosynthesis processes [Komov V.P. et al. Biochemistry. - M.: Drofa, 2004, p. 210] in the irrigation fields of urban treatment facilities.

[0015] The cross-sectional area and volume of perforated cassettes 16 and 23, porosity, size and quantity of pumice granules 26, the corresponding characteristics of steel strips 17, the power and performance of the fan 18, the absorption capacity of cassettes 16 and 23, the parameters of the DC source 22, the consumption of flue gases and water for regeneration are determined by the air capacity, its pollution and the required degree of its purification.

[0016] Thus, the proposed mobile air purifier allows you to clean the air in residential and industrial premises from harmful components without the use of expensive and dangerous chemicals, reduce noise, simplify its design and operation, and quickly move the purifier itself to areas of maximum pollution, which increases its economic and environmental efficiency.

Claims

1. A mobile air purifier comprising a housing consisting of a rectangular box equipped with rotating legs with wheels, divided into chambers, equipped with an intake grille, a shower device and a fan, all parts of the housing are made of a dielectric material, inside between the limiting strips there are two removable cassettes made of metal, their side and end walls are made perforated, one of them is divided into vertical compartments by zigzag air channels, the side walls of which are also made perforated, the vertical compartments of this cassette are filled with pumice granules made from metallurgical slags with a basicity modulus M> 1, between the cassettes there is a direct current source connected by electric wires to their housings, which serve as anode and cathode buses for the fillers of said cassettes, characterized in that the housing is made with removable side walls,the housing comprises, from top to bottom: an inlet chamber, a first cleaning chamber, a ventilation chamber, a second cleaning chamber, an outlet chamber and a liquid collection chamber, wherein the outer surface of the dielectric material of the first cleaning, ventilation and second cleaning chambers is covered with a layer of sound-absorbing material, the inlet chamber is closed at the top with an intake grate and is provided with a shower device with a valve, in the first cleaning chamber there is a first removable cassette filled with staggered perforated steel strips having a length equal to the length of the removable cassette, located at an angle of 45° relative to the horizon with a distance from each other equal to Δ, in the center of the ventilation chamber there is a fan attached to the walls of the housing with inclined strips, below which there is a shower device with a valve, a direct current source is also located there, in the second cleaning chamber there is a second removable cassette,the vertical compartments of which are filled with granules of pumice made from metallurgical slag, in the outlet chamber the outer walls are made of lattice, and in the liquid collection chamber a conical tank is installed, equipped with a discharge valve.

2. A mobile air purifier according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the direct current source is a battery or an alternating current converter.

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