Method of strip spraying of row crops

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the procedure of foliar application of liquid plant protection agents, nutrition, and growth regulators and can be used in growing row crops using agricultural technologies. A method for strip spraying of row crops, which includes spraying a working solution over rows with the crop being treated through adapters installed in pairs over the inter-row spacing with spray cones of 65-80 degrees, directed in opposite directions from each other adapted for changing the distance between them, and with the location of the centre lines of the spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their installation on the sprayer boom. The paired adapters located in the transverse-vertical plane at an angle of 45 degrees along the line of their installation are additionally rotated relative to the adapter mounting vertical axis at an angle of 10-12 degrees from the inner axis of the treated strip in the direction of movement of the sprayer. In addition, the installation height of the sprayer boom above the treated plants in rows and the width between the adapters installed in pairs are determined by the complete coverage of the outline of the treated crop, taking into account the accepted values of the permissible movement of the boom in the vertical plane above the treated plants, and in the transverse plane by the deviation of the axis of the treated row relative to the central axis between the sprayers.EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of applying liquid agents by increasing the penetration of the sprayed working solution into the foliage of plants and increasing the uniformity of its application across tiers.2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of plant growing, in particular, to the technology of foliar application of liquid plant protection products, nutrition, plant growth regulators, etc., and can be used in growing row crops using agricultural technology.

[0002] A well-known method for effective soybean protection at all stages of its growth, from post-emergence herbicide application to desiccation, is to use dual-fan or angled alternating sprayers. From the beginning of branching, cross-spraying becomes especially important, as it allows the spray solution to penetrate the dense leaf canopy at an angle, resulting in better coverage (Soybean Spraying Technology https: / / www.syngenta.ru / application-technology / soy).

[0003] A method for chemically treating plants is also known (see patent application 325956, A01M 7 / 00, June 30, 1969). In this method, a liquid preparation is sprayed over the spaces between plant rows, and then the preparation is simultaneously blown through the rows by an air stream.

[0004] The disadvantage of these spraying methods is that when treating row crops, the spaces between rows are also treated, which leads to the ineffective use of the working solution.

[0005] The closest device is for strip spraying of row crops, which includes spraying the working solution over the rows with the crop being treated through paired adapters installed over the row spacings with spray cones of 65-80 degrees directed in opposite directions from each other with the possibility of changing the distance between them, and with the location of the center lines of the spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their installation on the sprayer boom and which provide spraying in the zone of the outer outline of the projection of a row of plants onto the soil (RU Patent No. 2769737 dated 05.04.2022, Bulletin No. 10).

[0006] The quality of the foliar spraying process depends on the foliar density, which varies depending on the crop's development stage. A disadvantage of this method is that the agronomic efficiency of the sprayer decreases as foliar density increases, depending on the development stage of the crop being treated, such as soybeans.

[0007] The task is to develop a method for strip foliar cultivation of row crops with high foliage density, taking into account the development phase.

[0008] The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of applying liquid plant protection and nutrition products by increasing the penetration of the sprayed working solution into the foliage of plants and increasing the uniformity of its application across the layers.

[0009] The technical result is achieved by a method of strip spraying of row crops, including spraying a working solution over rows with the crop being treated through paired adapters installed over the inter-row spacing with spray cones of 65-80 degrees directed in opposite directions from each other with the possibility of changing the distance between them, and with the location of the axial lines of the spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their installation on the sprayer boom, wherein the paired adapters, located in the transverse-vertical plane at an angle of 45 degrees along the line of their installation, are additionally deployed relative to the vertical axis of the adapter mount at an angle of 10-12 degrees from the inner axis of the strip being treated in the direction of movement of the sprayer.In addition, the installation height of the sprayer boom above the treated plants in rows and the width between the adapters installed in pairs are determined by the complete coverage of the outline of the treated crop, taking into account the accepted values ​​of the permissible movement of the boom in the vertical plane above the treated plants, and in the transverse plane by the deviation of the axis of the treated row relative to the central axis between the sprayers.

[0010] The invention is explained: Fig. 1 - a flow chart of the method of strip spraying in the phase of the 3rd pair of true leaves, rear view; Fig. 2 - a flow chart

[0011] scheme of the method of strip spraying in the budding phase, rear view; Fig. 3 - flow chart of the method of strip spraying according to patent No. 2769737 in the budding phase, top view; Fig. 4 - flow chart of the proposed method of strip spraying of row crops in the budding phase, top view.

[0012] To increase the efficiency of applying liquid plant nutrition and protection products, a method for strip spraying of row crops has been developed, which includes spraying the working solution over the rows with the crop being treated through adapters installed in pairs over the row spacings with spray cones of 65-80 degrees directed in opposite directions from each other with the possibility of changing the distance between them, and with the location of the center lines of the spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their installation on the sprayer boom (Fig. 1, 2, 3).

[0013] For this purpose (Figs. 1, 2, and 4), paired adapters, positioned transversely and vertically at a 45-degree angle along their installation line, are additionally rotated relative to the adapter's vertical mounting axis at an angle of 10-12 degrees from the inner axis of the treatment strip in the direction of sprayer movement. A spray fan angle of 10-12° allows for bifacial treatment of the ear and uniform distribution of the product across all crop layers. This direct action of the sprayed liquid solution on the plant results in significant leaf and stem vibrations. The alternating action of liquid streams along the resulting sinusoidal line (Fig. 4) reduces plant density by spreading them apart, increasing the penetration of the spray solution into areas shaded by foliage and stems.In addition, the installation height of the sprayer boom above the treated plants in rows and the width between the adapters installed in pairs are determined by the complete coverage of the outline of the treated crop, taking into account the accepted permissible value of the boom movements in the vertical plane above the treated plants, and in the transverse plane - the deviation of the axis of the treated row relative to the central axis between the sprayers.

[0014] Examples of specific implementation.

[0015] Example 1.

[0016] Treatment of row crops (soybeans) by foliar application (with liquid complex fertilizers and plant protection products) was carried out in strips with a row spacing of 0.9 meters in the phase of the 3rd pair of true leaves (the width of the treated strip is 0.4 m, Fig. 1) and in the budding phase (the width of the treated strip is 0.6 m, Fig. 2).

[0017] Using the method of strip spraying of row crops according to the Russian Federation patent No. 2769737 (see Fig. 3) with the boom height set at 0.95 m and nozzles at 80 degrees, the coefficient of unevenness of distribution of the working solution by height was 34.6%.

[0018] Execution example 2.

[0019] The use of the proposed method of strip spraying of row crops (see Fig. 4) led to a decrease in the coefficient of uneven distribution of the working solution by height by 28% and amounted to 24.9%.

[0020] The use of the proposed method of strip spraying of row crops allows to correspondingly reduce the consumption rate of the working solution by the amount of unevenness of its distribution, as a satisfactory indicator of the quality of processing.

[0021] Thus, using the proposed method of strip spraying of row crops, a technical result is achieved consisting in increasing the efficiency of applying liquid agents by increasing the penetration of the sprayed working solution into the foliage of plants and increasing the uniformity of its application across tiers.

Claims

1. A method for strip spraying of row crops, which includes spraying a working solution over rows with the crop being treated through paired adapters installed over the inter-row spacing with spray cones of 65-80 degrees, directed in opposite directions from each other with the possibility of changing the distance between them, and with the location of the center lines of the spray cones at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the line of their installation on the sprayer boom, characterized in that the paired adapters, located in the transverse-vertical plane at an angle of 45 degrees along the line of their installation, are additionally rotated relative to the vertical axis of the adapter mount at an angle of 10-12 degrees from the inner axis of the strip being treated in the direction of movement of the sprayer.

2. The method of strip spraying of row crops according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the height of the installation of the sprayer boom above the treated plants in rows and the width between the adapters installed in pairs is determined by the complete coverage of the outline of the treated crop, taking into account the accepted values ​​of the permissible movement of the boom in the vertical plane above the treated plants, and in the transverse plane - the deviation of the axis of the treated row relative to the central axis between the sprayers.

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