Method of equipping bi-directional ammunition for device for combatting unmanned aerial vehicles

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of production of small arms ammunition, namely to a method for equipping special ammunition for devices for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The method includes sequentially installing, using loading rods with limiters, the first wad from one end of a bidirectional cartridge case, the first insulating gasket from the opposite end until it stops against the first wad, pouring a powder charge directly onto the first gasket, installing a second insulating gasket directly onto the powder charge, and installing the second wad from the opposite end using a loading rod with a limiter until it stops against the second gasket. The loading rod limiters ensure that the wads are installed at equal distances from the ends, which secures the powder charge strictly in the geometric centre of the cartridge case. Damaging elements are poured in through the left end and the left end is sealed, after which damaging elements are poured in through the right end with a mass equal to the mass poured in from the left, and the right end is sealed. A graphic mark in the form of a ring is applied to the outer surface of the cartridge case in the area where the charge is located.EFFECT: precise positioning of the propellant charge in the centre of the cartridge case and the strict symmetry of the filling, guaranteeing equal force of the damaging flows in opposite directions, complete compensation of recoil, and increased firing accuracy from anti-UAV devices.4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the production of small arms ammunition, in particular to the technology of loading special ammunition for devices for destroying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and can be used in the defense industry in the manufacture of recoil-compensated ammunition intended for use from unmanned interceptor platforms. The invention can be classified under IPC indexes F42B 33 / 02 (loading cartridges), F42B 5 / 03 (ammunition with more than one projectile), and F42B 5 / 188 (technological processes for manufacturing cartridges).

[0002] Various methods for loading small arms cartridges are known, including metering the propellant powder charge and installing wads and projectiles into the cartridge case (see, for example, "Ammunition Production Technology," edited by A.P. Ivanov, Moscow: Oborongiz, 2015, pp. 78-95). However, such methods are focused on creating a one-way projectile flow and do not address the issue of recoil compensation during firing.

[0003] A known method for manufacturing a cartridge with two bullets (patent RU 2156953 C1, IPC F42B 7 / 02, published September 27, 2000) involves sequentially loading two propellant charges and two bullets into the cartridge case, separated by a spacer. A disadvantage of this method is the difficulty in ensuring simultaneous firing and equal force due to the use of separate charges, as well as the lack of means for precisely positioning the filling elements relative to the center of the cartridge case, which prevents full recoil compensation.

[0004] A known method for loading a cartridge for a recoilless rifle (patent US 4567831 A, IPC F42B 5 / 03, published February 4, 1986) involves diverting some of the propellant gases to the rear through special holes in the barrel to compensate for recoil. This method requires a more complex weapon design and does not solve the problem of recoil compensation at the ammunition level.

[0005] The utility model "Device for Loading Cartridges" (patent RU 123456 U1, IPC F42B 33 / 02, published February 10, 2013) includes a wad-loading device. However, the design of this device does not ensure precise wad positioning relative to the cartridge case center during symmetrical loading.

[0006] The invention "Ammunition for a Device to Combat Unmanned Aerial Vehicles" (application RU 2026102387, priority dated February 1, 2026) describes a munition with a bidirectional casing and symmetrical filling, containing a single explosive charge located in the geometric center of the casing and two oppositely directed explosive streams. However, the method for loading such munitions is not disclosed in known sources.

[0007] The closest analogue (prototype) to the claimed method is the method for loading a double-ended cartridge for a recoilless rifle, described in patent RU 2438097 C1 (IPC F41A 25 / 00, published December 27, 2011). This method involves sequentially filling the cartridge case from both sides with propellant charges separated by a partition, and installing the striking elements. A drawback of this prototype is the inability to precisely position a single propellant charge in the geometric center of the cartridge case, which prevents strict filling symmetry and, consequently, full recoil compensation upon firing.

[0008] The aim of the invention is to develop a technological process that ensures precise positioning of the powder charge in the geometric center of a bidirectional cartridge case and guaranteed filling symmetry for complete compensation of recoil during firing.

[0009] The technical result is to ensure strict fixation of the position of the powder charge in the center of the cartridge case and the identity of the left and right parts of the ammunition in terms of mass and geometric filling parameters, which guarantees equal force of damaging flows in opposite directions and eliminates the weapon's deviation from the aiming line.

[0010] The technical result is achieved in that in the method for equipping a bidirectional ammunition for a device for combating unmanned aerial vehicles, which includes filling the cartridge case with a powder charge, installing insulating gaskets, wads and striking elements, according to the invention:

[0011] • use a bidirectional sleeve, open at both ends;

[0012] • from the first end of the cartridge case, using a special wadder with a limiter for precise positioning, install the first wad at a specified distance from the end, corresponding to the position at which, after completion of all operations, the powder charge will be in the geometric center of the cartridge case;

[0013] • install the first insulating gasket from the opposite end of the sleeve until it stops against the first wad;

[0014] • through the opposite end, a powder charge is poured, which is placed directly on the first insulating gasket;

[0015] • from the opposite end, install the second insulating gasket directly onto the powder charge;

[0016] • from the opposite end, using a special rammer with a stop for precise positioning, a second wad is installed at a given distance equal to the installation distance of the first wad, while the second wad rests against the second insulating gasket, ensuring the fixation of the powder charge in the geometric center of the cartridge case;

[0017] • then sequentially: fill the destructive elements through the left end, after which the left end is sealed with an external insulating gasket; then fill the destructive elements through the right end with a mass equal to the mass of the destructive elements filled on the left side, after which the right end is sealed with an external insulating gasket;

[0018] • a graphic mark in the form of a ring is applied to the outer surface of the cartridge case in the area where the powder charge is located, indicating the area for subsequent installation of the initiation means.

[0019] The stoppers of the rammers are calibrated in such a way that the distance from the left end of the cartridge case to the first wad and the distance from the right end of the cartridge case to the second wad are equal to each other, which guarantees the location of the powder charge exactly in the center of the cartridge case.

[0020] The invention is explained by drawings, where:

[0021] • Fig. 1 – installation of the first wad using a waddle with a limiter;

[0022] • Fig. 2 (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) – sequence of formation of the central assembly: installation of the first insulating gasket (Fig. 2a), filling with powder charge (Fig. 2b), installation of the second insulating gasket (Fig. 2c), installation of the second wad (Fig. 2d);

[0023] • Fig. 3 – finished central assembly (longitudinal section);

[0024] • Fig. 4 (4a, 4b) – loading with striking elements and sealing the ends: Fig. 4a schematically shows the process of filling the cartridge case with striking elements (the operation is performed sequentially: first through the left end, then through the right end, ensuring equality of masses); Fig. 4b schematically shows the process of sealing the ends with external insulating gaskets (the operation is performed sequentially: first the left end is sealed, then the right end);

[0025] • Fig. 5 – finished ammunition with a graphic mark (general view and longitudinal section).

[0026] The method is as follows.

[0027] Step 1. Preparing the cartridge case. Take a bidirectional cylindrical cartridge case 1, open at both ends (Fig. 1). The cartridge case is installed in a fixture that secures it in a vertical or horizontal position. The geometric center of the cartridge case is determined by calculation.

[0028] Stage 2. Installing the first wad. A special rammer 8, fitted with a stopper 9 (Fig. 1), is inserted into one end of the cartridge case (let's say the left one). Stopper 9 is calibrated to position the first wad 4a at a precisely defined distance L from the left end of the cartridge case. This distance L is calculated to ensure that after all operations are completed, the powder charge will be precisely in the geometric center of the cartridge case. Rammer 8 pushes wad 4a until stopper 9 hits the end of the cartridge case, after which the rammer is removed. The position of first wad 4a is fixed.

[0029] Step 3. Installing the first insulating gasket. Insert the first insulating gasket 3a (Fig. 2a) from the opposite (right) end of the cartridge case. Using a rammer (the same rammer can be used, but with the opposite end facing forward, or another tool), push gasket 3a until it stops against the first wad 4a. Gasket 3a fits snugly against wad 4a.

[0030] Step 4. Loading the powder charge. Powder charge 2 is added through the right end of the cartridge case (Fig. 2b). The powder is placed directly on the first insulating gasket 3a. To prevent powder from spilling, the cartridge case is oriented vertically.

[0031] Step 5. Installing the second insulating gasket. Insert the second insulating gasket 3b through the right end of the cartridge case (Fig. 2c). Using the rammer, advance gasket 3b until it stops in propellant charge 2. Gasket 3b is placed directly on the propellant charge, lightly compacting it but not overcompressing it, so as not to alter the ballistic properties of the propellant.

[0032] Step 6. Installing the second wad. A special rammer 8 with a stop 9 is inserted through the right end of the cartridge case (Fig. 2g). The stop 9 is calibrated in such a way that it allows the second wad 4b to be installed at a strictly defined distance L from the right end of the cartridge case. This distance L is equal to the distance at which the first wad 4a was installed from the left end. The rammer 8 sends the wad 4b until the stop 9 stops against the right end of the cartridge case. In this case, the wad 4b rests against the second insulating gasket 3b, which, in turn, fixes the powder charge 2. After removing the rammer, the powder charge 2 is precisely fixed between the two insulating gaskets 3a and 3b, which are pressed by the two wads 4a and 4b (Fig. 3). In this case, the geometric center of the powder charge coincides with the geometric center of the cartridge case due to the equality of the distances L from both ends to the corresponding wads.

[0033] Stage 7. Loading with striking elements from the left side. Striking elements 5, such as lead shot, are poured through the left end of cartridge case 1, filling the space between the left wad 4a and the left end of the cartridge case (Fig. 4a). The weight of the loaded shot Mlev is monitored using a weighing device.

[0034] Step 8. Sealing the left end. Install the outer insulating gasket 6 into the left end of the sleeve 1. Seal the left end by crimping, crimping, or gluing (Fig. 4b).

[0035] Stage 9. Loading with striking elements from the right side. Striking elements 5 are poured through the right end of cartridge case 1, filling the space between the right wad 4b and the right end of the cartridge case (Fig. 4a). The mass of pellets loaded from the right side Mpr must strictly correspond to the mass of pellets loaded from the left side: Mpr = Mlev. The mass is controlled using a weighing device.

[0036] Step 10. Sealing the right end. Install the outer insulating gasket 6 into the right end of sleeve 1. Seal the right end by crimping, crimping, or gluing, ensuring an equal seal on both sides (Fig. 4b).

[0037] Step 11. Applying the graphic mark. A graphic mark 7 in the form of a ring (Fig. 5) is applied to the outer surface of cartridge case 1 in the area corresponding to the location of propellant charge 2. The mark can be applied with paint or embossed. The width of the ring is selected such that it guarantees coverage of the zone of possible propellant charge displacement within manufacturing tolerances. The mark serves as a visual reference for the operator when loading ammunition into the device: when chambering the ammunition into the barrel, the mark must align with the manufacturing window in the barrel through which the initiating device will subsequently be installed.

[0038] Stage 12. Quality Control. At the final stage, selective or complete symmetry checks of the ammunition are performed. The finished ammunition is weighed, and then the center of mass is determined, for example, using balancing prisms. Coincidence of the center of mass with the geometric center of the cartridge case (within the manufacturing tolerance) confirms the correctness of the method. The permissible deviation of the center of mass from the geometric center is established by technical specifications and must not exceed the value that would cause recoil imbalance.

[0039] The key difference of the proposed method is the use of special rammers with stops calibrated to an equal distance L from the ends, allowing for the propellant charge to be precisely positioned in the center of the cartridge case before loading it with projectiles. The propellant charge is placed directly between two insulating spacers, which are compressed by wads, ensuring the symmetry of the entire structure. Sequential loading of projectiles first on the left, then on the right side, with mass control, ensures identical masses for the left and right parts of the ammunition.

[0040] The proposed method enables the production of ammunition in which, upon initiation of a single central charge, two strictly equal-strength projectiles are generated in opposite directions. Due to the symmetrical filling, the recoil impulses acting on the weapon at the moment of firing completely cancel each other out, eliminating barrel drift.

[0041] The invention is industrially applicable, as it can be implemented at existing defense industry facilities producing ammunition, using standard equipment and specially manufactured calibrated rivets. The method does not require complex production retooling and can be integrated into existing ammunition loading production lines. All operations can be performed using readily available materials and equipment.

Claims

1. A method of loading a bidirectional munition for a device for combating unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising filling a cartridge case with a powder charge, installing insulating gaskets, wads and damaging elements, characterized in that a bidirectional cartridge case, open at both ends, is used; at the first end of the cartridge case, using a rammer having a limiter, a first wad is installed at a given distance from the end; at the opposite end of the cartridge case, a first insulating gasket is installed until it stops against the first wad; a powder charge is poured through the opposite end and placed directly on the first insulating gasket; at the opposite end, a second insulating gasket is installed directly on the powder charge;from the opposite end, using a raking device having a limiter, a second wad is installed at a given distance equal to the installation distance of the first wad, wherein the second wad rests against the second insulating gasket, ensuring the fixation of the powder charge in the geometric center of the cartridge case; then sequentially: damaging elements are poured through the left end, after which the left end is sealed with an external insulating gasket; then damaging elements are poured through the right end with a mass equal to the mass of damaging elements poured from the left side, after which the right end is sealed with an external insulating gasket; and a graphic mark in the form of a ring is applied to the outer surface of the cartridge case in the area of ​​the location of the powder charge.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the stoppers of the rammers are calibrated at the same distance from the ends of the cartridge case, ensuring that the powder charge is positioned strictly in the geometric center of the cartridge case.

3. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the control of filling symmetry is carried out by determining the center of mass of the finished ammunition and comparing it with the geometric center of the cartridge case.

4. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the dosing of damaging elements on the left and right sides from the center is carried out with weight control to ensure the identity of the mass.

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