Method of pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method for pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds is proposed, according to which an aqueous solution comprising components in concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the amount of 2×10-5 g / l, polyvinylpyrrolidone in the amount of 20.0 g / l, the seed material is treated, placed in an even layer on enamel trays, with a total consumption of an aqueous solution in the amount of 20 ml per treatment of 1000 pieces of seeds and the seeds are kept in a moistened state until planting in open ground. The treatment is carried out in three stages, in each of which the seeds are treated, dried in the air at room temperature for 2 hours and kept in a heating cabinet at a temperature of 35.0±0.2 °C for 1 hour.EFFECT: reduction in mucus formation and adhesion of seeds and achieving the effect of accelerating growth processes in the early stages of plant development, leading to an increase in the number of germinated seeds.1 cl, 4 ex

Description

[0001] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0002] This invention relates to agriculture, specifically plant growing; it defines a method for pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds by spraying the seed with a water-soluble composition containing a growth activator and a polymer. The achieved effect consists of preventing seed clumping and stimulating growth processes during the initial period of plant development.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] Pre-sowing seed treatment helps reduce the spread of agricultural diseases and, in some cases, improves germination rates and accelerates shoot growth. Various seed treatment methods are available / Technology of Mechanized Agricultural Work. Edited by T.K. Korobkova. Novosibirsk: Printing House of the Engineering Institute of NSAU. Section 8.1 Seed Treatment Technology / . The most common pre-sowing seed treatment methods include moistening, semi-dry, wet, and dry.

[0005] A widely used method is seed dressing with moistening, in which a working liquid (suspension, solution) or powdered preparations are applied to the seed surface, with simultaneous or subsequent wetting with the liquid. This method is effective, requires little preparation, and allows the use of combined working liquids containing fertilizers, insecticides, and growth stimulants. A disadvantage of this method is the shedding of the dressing from the seeds as it dries.

[0006] The semi-dry treatment method is typically used to treat seeds or apply beneficial compounds (fertilizers, growth promoters) to their surface using aqueous suspensions or solutions, followed by 3-4 hours of soaking, followed by ventilation and drying. Disadvantages of this method include low productivity. Furthermore, there is no information on the feasibility of using this treatment to prevent excessive mucus formation and seed clumping.

[0007] When wet dressing seeds, they are generously moistened (up to 100 l / t) (with a suspension or emulsion) or soaked in the working fluid (solution), then left to soak for 2 hours. This method is labor-intensive. It is primarily used when seeds are heavily infested with pathogens.

[0008] Dry treatment (applying a powdered preparation to the seed surface) is used in exceptional cases, when the seed material has high moisture content. This method is ineffective due to the poor contact of the preparation with the seed surface and poor retention of the composition on the surface. Furthermore, it can only be used with permission from sanitary authorities.

[0009] In recent years, a progressive technology for seed treatment with film-forming compounds has been developed. The process of seed treatment with film-forming compounds is similar to seed treatment with moisture. This technology allows for the product to be firmly attached to the seed surface and prevents it from shedding during treatment, storage, transportation, and sowing. After seeding, the components of the pre-sowing treatment penetrate the soil and are destroyed by external factors.

[0010] Pre-sowing seed treatment with the standard seed dressing fentiuram and acenaphthene, combined with fentiuram, involves a semi-dry treatment to achieve a growth-stimulating and adaptogenic effect / patent No. 2088084 RU / . The proposed method reduces the dependence of agricultural production on the influence of unfavorable climatic factors, in particular, low temperatures and other damaging factors. It is suitable for treating barley, millet, cotton, and cucumber seeds. There are no data on the feasibility of treating flax seeds using this method; the ability of this method to prevent mucus formation on the seed surface and increase plant germination is unknown.

[0011] A known method for pre-sowing seed treatment (patent no. 2265303 RU) involves soaking rice seeds in a semi-dry copper sulfate solution and then heating them with air and heat at a temperature of 30-35°C for 24 hours. There is no data on the feasibility of using this treatment for flax seeds or the ability to prevent mucus formation. Furthermore, the lengthy heat treatment process requires additional energy and complicates the process.

[0012] A method for pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds is proposed (patent no. 2745375 RU), which includes electrophysical exposure to infrared radiation and pelleting. The treatment is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the flax seeds are exposed to pulsed infrared radiation with a wavelength of 3-4 μm for an exposure of 1-2 s and a temperature increase to 36-42°C. In the second stage, pelleting is carried out using a composition containing perlite and vermicompost, which increases germination and vigor. A disadvantage of this method is its complexity, multi-stage nature, and the need for pulsed equipment, which limits the ability to process significant quantities of seed.

[0013] The invention / patent WO2020201373A1 / proposes a method for preparing a base that contains a polymer film for seeds partially embedded therein. In its technical essence, this method is the closest to the presently described application and is proposed as a prototype. The preparation method described in the prototype includes the following steps: creating a hydrophobic separating liner; applying a coating of an aqueous dispersion or solution containing a polymer on a hydrophobic separating liner; applying seeds to the coating so that the seeds are evenly distributed over the surface; drying the coating; separating the hydrophobic protective shell from the biodegradable polymer film. The disadvantages of the prototype invention are: the lack of experimental data on the possibility of counteracting mucus formation during the germination of flax seeds; a significant number of operations to be performed manually.

[0014] Description of the invention.

[0015] A method for treating flax seeds is proposed that prevents the release of significant amounts of mucus during seed processing and promotes accelerated growth processes in the early stages of plant development. Flax seeds of the Universal variety were used for the experiments. Each experiment used 1,000 seeds, weighing 4.55 ± 0.05 g, which is the consumption rate for planting per 1 m. 2 sown area.

[0016] The seeds were carefully inspected, and any with deformations or surface damage were discarded. The selected seeds were grouped into 1,000-seed lots and stored in dry containers at room temperature until the experiment began.

[0017] Seed treatment was carried out indoors at room temperature. A batch of 1,000 seeds was placed in an even layer on a flat enamel tray. Avoiding significant crowding of the seeds.

[0018] The aqueous solution for seed treatment contained the following components, g / l:

[0019] - hydrogen peroxide - 2×10 -5 ;

[0020] - polyvinylpyrrolidone - 20.0.

[0021] The solution was prepared immediately before treatment by diluting the components in distilled water. The dilution was performed once, to perform three treatment cycles on a single batch of seeds. The prepared solution was stored in an airtight dark glass container for the duration of each experiment.

[0022] The seed surface was treated with 5 ml of an aqueous solution using a spray bottle. After treatment, the seeds were air-dried at room temperature for 2 hours, stirring occasionally with a spatula, and then kept in an oven at 35.0 ± 0.2°C for 1 hour.

[0023] The seed treatment was repeated under the conditions described above.

[0024] For the third treatment, the solution consumption was 10 ml. The procedure was as described above. After the third treatment, the tray was covered with a layer of plastic film and the seeds were kept moist until the day of planting.

[0025] The total solution consumption for a complete cycle, including three consecutive stages of seed treatment, was 20 ml. When converted to the amount of seed material required to sow 1 ha, the solution consumption is 200 dm3. 3 .

[0026] Flax seeds prepared for planting were sown in the Tver region on experimental plots with an area of ​​1 m 2 , into soil treated with standard methods recommended for the region. Seeds were planted 4 days after treatment.

[0027] The positive effect achieved by the use of the claimed seed treatment method was assessed based on the following parameters: observed mucus formation and adhesion, the number of germinated seeds on the 4th day after treatment, the number of emerged plants on the 8th day after planting, and the height of the flax stem on the 16th day after germination of the majority (75%) of plants. As a result of the observations, it was established that the proposed flax seed treatment method prevents mucus formation during the seed germination period, promotes accelerated seed germination by 7.1% based on the results of counting on the 4th day after treatment, increases plant germination by 11.2%, and leads to increased growth of flax shoots by 14.5% on the 16th day of observation after germination of the majority (75%) of plants. Recommendations for further use

[0028] The obtained results can be recommended for implementation in agricultural production by organizations engaged in flax cultivation.

[0029] Example 1. A batch of 1,000 seeds weighing 4.51 g was selected. The seeds were placed in an even layer on an enamel tray. The seeds were treated indoors at room temperature. A 20 ml aqueous solution containing the following component concentrations was prepared: 2 x 10 -5 g / L of hydrogen peroxide and 20.0 g / L of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Seed treatment was carried out by spraying the solution from a spray bottle in an even layer, ensuring uniform wetting of all seed surfaces. The seed spraying time at each stage of treatment was approximately 0.5 minutes.

[0030] In the first stage, the seeds were treated with 5 ml of the solution by spraying them using a spray bottle. After treatment, the seeds were left on a tray and air-dried at room temperature for 2 hours, stirring occasionally with a spatula. The tray with the seeds was then transferred to a heating oven, set to 35°C, and maintained at these conditions for 1 hour.

[0031] In the second stage, seed treatment was repeated under conditions similar to the first stage.

[0032] In the third stage, the seeds were sprayed with 10 ml of solution. After spraying, the tray with the seeds was covered with plastic wrap and kept moist on the tray until the day of planting.

[0033] During daily visual inspection from the second to the fourth day after treatment, the seed material was assessed for mucus formation and adhesion. The results revealed no mucus formation, no seed adhesion, and no change in flowability.

[0034] The germinated seeds were counted on the fourth day after treatment. Flax seeds with a root length greater than or equal to 0.2 cm were considered germinated. The count revealed that 89.4% of the total number of treated seeds germinated.

[0035] Flax was sown in the first ten days of May. The sowing method was narrow rows, with 7.5 cm spacing between rows; the seeding depth was 4-5 cm. The number of germinated plants was determined eight days after planting; the result was 94.2% of the total number of seeds sown.

[0036] The height of flax plant stems, measured on the 16th day after germination of the majority (75%) of plants, was, on average, 8.7 cm, which is 14.5% higher than the value of the control experiment, which averaged 7.6%.

[0037] Example 2. A batch of 1000 seeds was selected, the weight was 4.58 g. The seeds were treated under the conditions of Example 1 with a solution of the following composition: 2×10 -5g / l of hydrogen peroxide in water. Agrotechnical measures and plant development monitoring were carried out under the conditions of Example 1. As a result of observation of germinating seeds, the following was established: on the second day, isolated manifestations of mucus were observed in insignificant quantities, seed adhesion did not occur, flowability was practically not affected; on the third day, individual foci of mucus formed, the flowability of the seed material noticeably worsened due to the manifestation of the adhesion effect; on the fourth day, the amount of mucus increased significantly and a complete coating with mucus and adhesion of the entire mass of the seed material formed, flowability was completely lost. The number of germinated seeds was 89.7% of the total number treated. The number of emerged plants was 94.8% of the total number of planted seeds. The height of flax plant stems, measured on the 16th day, averaged 8.9 cm, which is 16.1% higher than the value of the control experiment.

[0038] Example 3. A batch of 1,000 seeds weighing 4.53 g was selected. The seeds were treated under the conditions of Example 1 with a solution of the following composition: 20.0 g / l of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water. Agrotechnical measures and plant development monitoring were carried out under the conditions of Example 1. As a result of observing the germinating seeds, it was established that over the entire observation period, including the fourth day of planting the seed material in the soil, mucus formation and stickiness were not observed, and no changes in seed flowability were recorded. The number of germinated seeds was 81.2% of the total number of treated seeds. The number of emergent plants was 82.6% of the total number of planted seeds. The height of flax plant stems, measured on the 16th day, averaged 7.5 cm, which is not comparable with the result of the control experiment.

[0039] Example 4 (control experiment). A batch of 1000 seeds weighing 4.54 g was selected. The seeds were treated with distilled water under the conditions of Example 1. Agrotechnical measures and plant development monitoring were carried out under the conditions of Example 1. As a result of observing the germinating seeds, it was established that the first signs of mucus formation were recorded on the second day after seed treatment, but no pronounced effects on seed adhesion were observed. Subsequently, an increase in the amount of mucus and a deterioration in seed flowability were observed. On the fourth day, the seed material was a difficult-to-separate, stuck-together mass that did not have flowability. The number of germinated seeds was 82.3% of the total number of treated seeds. The number of emerged plants was 83.0% of the total number of planted seeds. The height of flax plant stems, measured on the 16th day, averaged 7.6 cm.

Claims

A method for pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds, characterized in that an aqueous solution containing components in concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in an amount of 2×10 -5 g / l, polyvinylpyrrolidone in the amount of 20.0 g / l, the seed material is treated, placed in an even layer on enamel trays, with a total consumption of an aqueous solution in the amount of 20 ml per treatment of 1000 pieces of seeds and the seeds are kept in a moistened state until planting in open ground, while the treatment is carried out in three stages, in each of which the seeds are treated, dried in air at room temperature for 2 hours and kept in a heating cabinet at a temperature of 35.0 ± 0.2 ° C for 1 hour.