Signal generator of given amplitude, duration and shape

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of radio engineering, namely to pulse signal generators, and is intended for creating generators that form pulse signals of a given amplitude, duration and shape, which can be used in radio communication systems, radar, electronic warfare and measuring systems. The signal generator of a given shape additionally contains an X-pole power divider, a Y-pole power divider, M delay lines, M attenuators and an adder.EFFECT: possibility of forming pulses of a given amplitude, duration and shape.1 cl, 25 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, namely to pulse signal generators, and is intended for the creation of generators that form pulse signals of a given amplitude, duration and shape, which can be used in radio communication systems, radar, electronic warfare and measuring systems.

[0002] A nanosecond pulse generator is known [1] which includes a trigger pulse source 1, a comparator 2, an RC circuit 3 used as the first element of a variable delay line, a comparator 4 used as the second element of a variable delay line, a reference voltage source [2 p. 119] 2.5 V 5, an RC circuit 6 used as the first element of a fixed delay line, a comparator 7 used as the second element of a fixed delay line, and an “AND” element 8 (Fig. 1).

[0003] In this case, the source of the trigger pulse 1 is connected to the inverting input of the comparator 2, which is connected with its output through the RC circuit 3 to the non-inverting input of the comparator 4, and through the RC circuit 6 to the inverting input of the comparator 7. The output of the comparator 4 and the output of the comparator 7 are connected to the inputs of the logical element "AND" 8. The output of the 2.5 V reference voltage source 5 is connected to the non-inverting input of the comparator 2, the inverting input of the comparator 4 and the non-inverting input of the comparator 7.

[0004] The generator [1] operates by summing two rectangular pulses of equal amplitude but different polarity, shifted in time. To generate these pulses, the pulse from the comparator output is fed to two delay lines, which delay the input pulse by different time intervals. The second delay line, in addition to delaying the input signal, also reverses the polarity of its amplitude. An "AND" gate is used to sum the two pulses. The summation of the two pulses results in a pulse whose duration is equal to the time interval by which the summed pulses are shifted relative to each other.

[0005] Let's consider the operation of the generator.

[0006] Trigger pulse source 1 generates a rectangular pulse with an amplitude of 5 V and a minimum duration of 30 ns (Fig. 2), which is fed to the inverting input of comparator 2. A voltage of 2.5 V is supplied to the non-inverting input of comparator 2 from reference voltage source 5.

[0007] Comparator [3, p. 286] - a device that switches the output voltage level U a , when the continuously changing input signal U1 becomes higher or lower than a certain level U2.

[0008]

[0009] where U a - voltage at the comparator output;

[0010] U1 - voltage at the non-inverting input of the comparator;

[0011] U2 - voltage at the inverting input of the comparator.

[0012] The transfer characteristic of the comparator [3, p. 286] is shown in Fig. 3.

[0013] Comparator 2 switches the sign of the input potential difference and provides a small output resistance, thereby preventing the influence of pulse source 1 of RC circuit 3 and RC circuit 6 [4, p. 32]. A pulse of negative polarity from the output of comparator 2 is simultaneously fed to RC circuit 3 with time constant R1C and RC circuit 6 with time constant R2C. In this case:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] where R1 is the nominal resistance of the RC circuit resistor 3, Ohm;

[0017] R2 - nominal resistance of the RC circuit resistor 6 Ohm;

[0018] τ и - pulse duration measured at a level of 0.5 of its amplitude.

[0019] The operation of RC circuit 3 and RC circuit 6 can be described by equation (4):

[0020]

[0021] which has a solution (5)

[0022]

[0023] where U is the voltage on the RC circuit capacitor;

[0024] U вx - voltage at the input of the RC circuit;

[0025] A is a constant value, determined from the initial conditions (Fig. 4): U=0 at t=0, whence A=-U вx And ;

[0026] t - time;

[0027] e ≈ 2.72;

[0028] C - capacitor capacity;

[0029] R - resistor resistance.

[0030] Considering the condition (2) and the law of change of voltage at the output of the RC circuit (5), the voltage U R1C at the output of RC circuit 3 with time constant R1C will increase more slowly by τ и ns than voltage U R2C at the output of RC-C6 with time constant R2C.

[0031] For this reason, the voltage at the output of the RC circuit 3, and consequently (Fig. 1), at the non-inverting input of the comparator 4, will exceed the voltage value of the reference voltage source 5 at its inverting input by τ иno slower than the voltage at the output of the RC circuit 6, and therefore (Fig. 1), at the inverting input of the comparator 7 will exceed the voltage value of the reference voltage source 5 at its non-inverting input.

[0032] Comparator 4 and comparator 7 are connected by level detectors with opposite polarity of output signals (Fig. 5, graph B and C), which are fed to the input of the logical element “AND” (8).

[0033] Thus, comparator 4, comparator 7 and the AND gate (8) form a two-threshold comparator [3, p. 288], which records whether the input voltage is between two specified threshold voltages or outside this range. At the output of the AND gate 8, the output pulse (Fig. 5, graph D) exists for the time that the signals at both of its inputs are high (more than half the value of the DC supply voltage [4, p. 32]).

[0034] The generator [1] allows the formation of pulses with a duration from 0 to 10 ns with a leading edge of 520 ps. The rectangular output pulse obtained at R=390 Ohm has an amplitude of 5 V and a duration measured at the 50% level of 5 ns (Fig. 6).

[0035] The shortest pulse that maintains its full amplitude of 5 V (Fig. 7) has a duration of 1 ns.

[0036] The pulse can be even shorter if its amplitude is acceptable to be less than 5 V. The minimum achievable pulse width is limited by the pulse rise time [2, p. 38], which can be provided by the AND logic element 8. A pulse with an incomplete amplitude of 3.3 V has a duration of 700 ps and a width at the base of 1.25 ns (Fig. 8).

[0037] The disadvantage of this generator is that it can only generate rectangular or bell-shaped pulses of a given duration. The generated signal has a bell-shaped shape if the value of the time constant R1C is equal to the pulse rise time at the output of comparator 7. As the output pulse duration decreases further, its amplitude decreases.

[0038] The aim of the invention is to develop a generator that can generate pulses of a given amplitude, duration and shape.

[0039] The operating principle of the proposed generator is to sum M pulses, delayed relative to each other by a fixed time interval Δτ, the amplitude and polarity of which, after summation, makes it possible to obtain a pulse of a given shape.

[0040] The structural diagram of the proposed signal generator of a given shape is shown in Fig. 9.

[0041] The stated objective is achieved by the fact that in the circuit of the known generator described above [1], containing a trigger pulse source 1, a comparator 2, an RC circuit 3, a comparator 4, a 2.5 V reference voltage source 5, an RC circuit 6, a comparator 7, an AND element 8, wherein the trigger pulse source 1 is connected to the inverting input of the comparator 2, which is connected with its output through the RC circuit 3 to the non-inverting input of the comparator 4, and through the RC circuit 6 to the inverting input of the comparator 7, the output of the comparator 4 and the output of the comparator 7 are connected to the inputs of the AND logical element 8, the 2.5 V reference voltage source 5 is connected with its output to the non-inverting input of the comparator 2, the inverting input of the comparator 4 and the non-inverting input of the comparator 7

[0042] instead of RC-pepi 3, use RC-circuit 6

[0043] exclude AND gate 8;

[0044] Additionally enter:

[0045] X-pole power divider 10(1), which divides the signal power flow from the output of comparator 4 between its X outputs;

[0046] Y-pole power divider 10(2), which divides the signal power flow from the output of comparator 7 between its Y outputs;

[0047] distribution block 11, which connects its inputs to outputs in a certain sequence;

[0048] M=X+Y delay lines 12, where X is the number of outputs of the X-pole power divider 10(1), Y is the number of outputs of the Y-pole power divider 10(2).

[0049] M attenuators 13;

[0050] adder 14.

[0051] In this case, the output of comparator 4 is connected to the input of power divider 10(1), the output of comparator 7 is connected to the input of power divider 10(2), each output of power divider 10(1) and each output of power divider 10(2) is connected to one of M inputs of distribution block 11. The outputs of power divider 10(1) are connected to inputs of distribution block 11 with numbers 1 through X, and the outputs of power divider 10(2) are connected to inputs of distribution block 11 with numbers X+1 through M.

[0052] To synthesize the electrical connections of the distribution block 11, a discrete pulse response of the generator is used, which is a sequence of X positive and Y negative numbers, each of which is assigned a time interval that is a multiple of the discredit period ΔT of the pulse response of the generator circuit.

[0053] The inputs and outputs of the distribution block 11 are connected according to the rule: if the first sample of the pulse response of the generator circuit is positive, then the input of the distribution block 11 with No. 1 is connected to its output with No. 1, if the first sample is negative, then the input of the distribution block 11 with No. 1 is connected to its output with No. X+1, then the inputs of the distribution block 11 are renumbered by excluding from the numbering those inputs that are already involved in the distribution process. The input of the distribution block 11 with No. 1 becomes input No. 2 if the first sample of the pulse response is positive, or the input of the distribution block 11 with No. X+1 becomes input No. X+2 if the first sample of the pulse response is negative.

[0054] Then the second sample of the generator circuit's pulse response is analyzed. If it is positive, then, in accordance with the new numbering, the input of distribution block 11 with #1 is connected to its output with #2, where the output number of distribution block 11 matches the sample number of the generator circuit's pulse response. If the first sample is negative, then the input of distribution block 11 with #X+1 is connected to its output with #2, and then the inputs of distribution block 11 are renumbered.

[0055] Next, the inputs and outputs of block 11 are connected according to the rule described above. The connection process is complete when the final pulse response reading of the generator circuit is reached, and all inputs and outputs of distribution block 11 are connected to each other.

[0056] Let us consider an example. Let the discrete impulse response g(t) have the shape shown in Fig. 10.

[0057] To implement it, the distribution block has four inputs and four outputs (Fig. 11).

[0058] Connect the inputs of the distribution block to its outputs using the rule above.

[0059] The first reading of the impulse response is negative, therefore, input #3 of distribution block 11 is connected to its output #1. We renumber the inputs of distribution block 1 1, as shown in Fig. 12.

[0060] The second pulse response reading is positive, so input #1 of distribution block 11 is connected to its output #2. We renumber the inputs of distribution block 11 as shown in Fig. 13.

[0061] The third pulse response reading is positive, therefore, input #1 of distribution block 11, in accordance with the new numbering, is connected to its output #3. We renumber the inputs of distribution block 11, as shown in Fig. 14.

[0062] The fourth reading of the impulse response is negative, therefore, input No. 1 of distribution block 11, in accordance with the new numbering, is connected to its output No. 4 (Fig. 15).

[0063] In Fig. 15 we see that all inputs of distribution block 11 are connected to its outputs, i.e. distribution is complete.

[0064] Each of the M outputs of the distribution block 11 is connected to the input of one of the M delay lines 12: the output of the distribution block 11 with No. 1 is connected to the input of the delay line 12(1), the output of the distribution block 11 with No. 2 is connected to the input of the delay line 12(2), etc., the output of the distribution block 11 with No. M is connected to the input of the delay line 12(M).

[0065] The output of each of the M delay lines 12 is connected to the input of the attenuator 13 with the same number: the output of the delay line 12(1) is connected to the input of the attenuator 13(1), the output of the delay line 12(2) is connected to the input of the attenuator 13(2), etc., the output of the delay line 12(M) is connected to the input of the attenuator 13(M). The outputs of the attenuators 13 are connected to the inputs of the adder 14.

[0066] The waveform generator operates as follows.

[0067] Trigger pulse source 1 generates a rectangular pulse, which is fed to the inverting input of comparator 2. Reference voltage is supplied to the non-inverting input of comparator 2 from reference voltage source 5.

[0068] Comparator 2 switches the sign of the input potential difference and provides a small output resistance, thereby preventing the influence of pulse source 1 of RC circuits 6. A pulse of negative polarity from the output of comparator 2 is simultaneously fed to two RC circuits 6 with a time constant RC.

[0069] Considering condition (18) and the law of change in voltage at the output of the RC circuit (5), the voltage at the outputs of the RC circuits 6 increases simultaneously. Consequently, the voltage at the non-inverting input of the comparator 4 exceeds the voltage value of the reference voltage source 5 at its inverting input simultaneously with the voltage at the inverting input of the comparator 7 exceeding the voltage value of the reference voltage source 5 at its non-inverting input.

[0070] From the output of comparator 4, the pulse signal is fed to the input of the X-pole power divider 10(1), where the pulse power flow is divided between its outputs.

[0071] From the output of comparator 7, the pulse signal is fed to the input of the Y-pole power divider 10(2), where the pulse power flow is divided between its Y outputs.

[0072] Pulses from the outputs of the X-pole power divider 10(1) are fed to the inputs of the distribution block 11 with numbers 1 through X.

[0073] The pulses from the outputs of the Y-pole power divider 10(2) are fed to the inputs of the distribution block 11 with numbers X+1 to M.

[0074] Distribution block 11 connects its inputs to outputs in a certain sequence described above.

[0075] The signal from each output of distribution block 11 goes to the input of delay line 12 with a number corresponding to the number of output of distribution block 11: from output with number 1 to delay line with number 1, from output with number 2 to delay line with number 2, etc. Delay lines provide a delay of pulse signals passing through them by Δτ m=m⋅ΔT, where m is the delay line number, ΔT is the sampling period of the pulse response of the generator circuit, where m is the delay line number.

[0076] Signals from each delay line 12 are fed to the input of attenuators 13 with numbers corresponding to the numbers of delay lines 12: from delay line number 1 to attenuator number 1, from delay line number 2 to attenuator number 2, etc.

[0077] Attenuators 13 attenuate the pulse signals passing through them according to attenuation coefficients, the values ​​of which are equal to the sample amplitudes of the discrete pulse response of the signal generator circuit. The sample number matches the attenuator number.

[0078] From the outputs of attenuators 13, pulse signals are fed to the inputs of adder 14, which sums them. The output of adder 14 is a pulse signal of a given amplitude, duration, and waveform.

[0079] Let us consider the algorithm for synthesizing the structural circuit of the proposed generator (Fig. 9).

[0080] When obtaining the structural diagram of the generator, the synthesis problem [5, p. 174] was formulated as follows: the input action on the electrical circuit is known, which is a rectangular pulse from the start pulse source 1, the desired response of the electrical circuit to this action is specified, which is a pulse of a given amplitude, duration and shape, it is necessary to determine the structure (structural synthesis [5, p. 174]) and parameters (parametric synthesis) [5, p. 174] of the electrical circuit of the generator. The synthesis of the electrical circuit of the generator was performed in the time domain, when the requirements are specified for the time characteristics: transient or impulse response [6, p. 116].

[0081] The time characteristics of electrical circuits are usually specified in graphical or tabular form, which raises the problem of approximating these dependencies using approximate analytical expressions. Only functions that satisfy the physical feasibility criteria for the synthesized electrical circuit can be used to approximate the time characteristics.

[0082] Let's obtain an approximating function of the impulse response of the synthesized electric circuit of the generator.

[0083] The impulse response g(t) of an electric circuit is related to its transient response h(t) by expression (1) [6, p. 119]:

[0084]

[0085] Let us assume that the signal of a given shape that needs to be generated is a transient process that occurs in the electrical circuit of the generator under the influence of a pulse from the trigger pulse source 1. This assumption is possible if condition (2) is met.

[0086]

[0087] where U вх (t) - signal at the input of the electrical circuit;

[0088] 1(t) - unit function;

[0089] τ с - pulse duration U вх (t) at the output of the trigger pulse source 1.

[0090] In accordance with (2), the pulse at the input of the generator's electrical circuit, over a period of time from 0 to a value equal to the pulse duration τ с , is a pulse whose leading edge is close in shape to a single step signal l(t) [6, p. 116]. This means that the duration of the leading edge of the pulse at the input of the generator's electrical circuit must be much shorter than the duration of the pulse itself.

[0091] The transient process under consideration can be calculated based on the superposition integral. To obtain the superposition integral, the input signal ƒ1(t) is approximated using a system of single pulses of duration dτ, amplitude ƒ1(τ), and area ƒ1(τ)dτ (Fig. 16).

[0092] The output response of an electrical circuit to each of the single pulses can be described by expression (3):

[0093]

[0094] Using the principle of superposition [6, p. 120], we obtain the total response of the electric circuit to a system of single pulses (4):

[0095]

[0096] To ​​transform expression (4) to a form in which each mathematical operation can be physically implemented using elements of electrical circuits, we will use expression (5), which describes the operation of a transversal filter with a finite impulse response [7, p. 303].

[0097]

[0098] Based on expressions (4) and (5), the signal at the output of the electrical circuit is represented as a sum of convolutions of unit functions with weighting (6).

[0099]

[0100] where M is the number of sampling intervals of the impulse response;

[0101] ΔT - sampling period of the impulse response.

[0102] Expression (6) differs from expression (4) by replacing the integration operation with a technically feasible addition operation with discrete delay weighting.

[0103] Taking into account condition (2), expression (6) will take the form (7):

[0104]

[0105] where U вх (t) - signal at the input of the generator electrical circuit;

[0106] M - the number of sampling intervals of the impulse response;

[0107] ΔT - sampling period of the impulse response;

[0108]

[0109] h(mΔT) - pulse response of the synthesized generator circuit.

[0110] Based on expression (7), the generator electrical circuit can be realized using the following elements:

[0111] M-pole power divider;

[0112] M delay lines on Δτ m , where m is the delay line number;

[0113] M attenuators with a rejection factor of K аm = h(mΔT), where m is the attenuator number;

[0114] adder 14.

[0115] Let us consider the algorithm for synthesizing the electric circuit of the proposed generator based on a discrete impulse response.

[0116] As noted above, the shape of the pulse response of the electrical circuit of the proposed generator is determined by the shape of the signal that the generator must generate. Therefore, the sampling period ΔT of the pulse response g(t) will be equal to the sampling period of the generated signal U вых (t), at which its shape will be preserved and can be determined by any known method [7, p. 306 or 8]. For example, from the condition of ensuring the minimum complexity of the generator's electrical circuit, the sampling period ΔT of the generated signal U вых(t) can be determined by expression (8)

[0117]

[0118] where ΔT is the sampling period of the generated signal and impulse response;

[0119] F max - the maximum frequency in the signal spectrum, which is determined based on the condition that 99.7% of the signal energy is concentrated in the frequency range from 0 to F max .

[0120] The number of sampling intervals M of the impulse response g(t) is determined by expression (9)

[0121]

[0122] where M is the number of sampling intervals of the impulse response;

[0123] τ и - signal duration U вых (t), generated by the generator;

[0124] ΔT - sampling period of the generated signal and impulse response.

[0125] The obtained number of sampling intervals M of the impulse response g(t) is rounded up to the value 2 n, where n ∈ R. This will allow us to determine the minimum total number of poles of the power divider 10(1) and the power divider 10(2) M мин .

[0126] Calculate the sampling period value ΔT рас impulse response g(t), which ensures the technical implementation of the signal generator taking into account the obtained value of the minimum total number of poles of the power divider 10(1) and the power divider 10(2):

[0127]

[0128] where M мин - minimum total number of poles of the power divider 10(1) and power divider 10(2);

[0129] τ и - signal duration U вых (t), generated by the generator;

[0130] ΔT рас - the calculated sampling period of the impulse response taking into account the obtained value of the minimum total number of poles of the power divider 10(1) and the power divider 10(2).

[0131] To determine the number of sampling intervals of the impulse response, other approaches can be used, for example, iterating over the values ​​2 n , until the required accuracy of the pulse response g(t) of the generator circuit is obtained, ensuring the formation of the signal U вых (t) of a given form.

[0132] Let's look at an example. Let's say the generator must generate a signal U вых (t), duration τ и =2 ns, the shape of which is shown in Fig. 17.

[0133] Following the logic of reasoning proposed above, the signal of a given shape U вых (t), which must be generated, is the transient response h(t) of the generator's electrical circuit. Therefore, the impulse response g(t) (1) of the generator's electrical circuit will have the form shown in Fig. 18.

[0134] Pulse signal U вых (t) has a spectrum S(ƒ) (Fig. 19) with a maximum frequency F max .

[0135] To determine the maximum frequency F maxwe use the method of graphical solution of the integral equation [9] (11)

[0136]

[0137] which in this case comes down to finding the intersection point of the graph of function (12)

[0138]

[0139] and function graph (13)

[0140]

[0141] The result of solving the integral equation (10) is shown in Fig. 20.

[0142] The intersection point of the graphs of the functions y1(ƒ) and y2(ƒ) gives an approximate value of the maximum frequency F max =2.013 GHz, the accuracy of which is sufficient taking into account subsequent rounding.

[0143] Determines the sampling period ΔT of the generated signal U вых (t) according to expression (8):

[0144]

[0145] The number of sampling intervals M of the impulse response g(t) is determined using expression (9):

[0146]

[0147] Determine the minimum total number of poles of the 10(1) power divider and the 10(2) M power divider мин by rounding up to the nearest 2 n =2 3 =8 is the number of sampling intervals M of the impulse response g(t), obtained in (15):

[0148]

[0149] Calculate the sampling period ΔT рас impulse response g(t) taking into account the obtained value of the minimum total number of poles of the power divider 10(1) and the power divider 10(2) M мин according to expression (10):

[0150]

[0151] Taking into account the obtained values: the number of sampling intervals M мин = 8 and the sampling step ΔT рас =0.25×10 -9 with the discrete impulse response g(t) represented as Fig. 21.

[0152] Determine the delay time of communication lines Δτ m from condition (18)

[0153]

[0154] where Δτ m - the delay time of the m-th delay line of the designed generator circuit;

[0155] m - the serial number of the delay line of the designed generator;

[0156] ΔT рас - the calculated sampling period of the pulse response taking into account the obtained value of the minimum total number of poles of the power divider 10(1) and the power divider 10(2) of the circuit of the designed generator.

[0157] τ ф - the duration of the leading edge of pulses from the outputs of comparator 4 and comparator 7.

[0158] According to (18), the delay time of the delay lines is Δτ m is: Δτ1=0, Δτ2=0.25 ns, Δτ3=0.5 ns, Δτ4=0.75 ns, Δτ5=1 ns, Δτ6=1.25 ns, Δτ7=1.5 ns, Δτ8=1.75 ns.

[0159] According to the discrete impulse response (Fig. 22), the weighting coefficients are determined m:a1=0.1,a2=0.6,a3=1,a4=0.001,a5=-1,a6=-0.6,a7=-0.1,a8=0.001.

[0160] Calculate the attenuation coefficients K am

[0161]

[0162] where K am - the suppression coefficient of the m-th attenuator of the designed generator circuit;

[0163] m - serial number of the attenuator of the designed generator circuit;

[0164] a m - weighting coefficient of the m-th sample of the discrete impulse response g(t) of the designed generator circuit (Fig. 22).

[0165] According to the discrete impulse response graph In accordance with (19), the values ​​of the attenuator suppression coefficients K am make up: K а1 =-10 dB; K а2 =-2.22 dB; K a3 =0 dB; K а4 =-20 dB; K a5 =-0 dB; K а6 =-2.22 dB; K а7 =-10 dB; K а7 =-20 dB.

[0166] Simulation of a signal generator with a given amplitude, duration, and shape in the AWR Design Environment CAD system confirmed its functionality. To demonstrate the generator's capabilities, calculations were performed, pulse characteristics were obtained, and pulse signals of a given amplitude, duration, and shape were simulated, ensuring the efficient use of the allocated radio frequency spectrum. For example, Fig. 23 shows the simulation result of a generator generating a unipolar pulse of a given amplitude, duration, and shape, the spectrum of which occupies a frequency band from 0 to F зад , where F зад - the maximum frequency of the allocated radio frequency range.

[0167] Fig. 24 shows a complex-shaped pulse with oscillations of different amplitude and frequency, ensuring the efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum range allocated to the radio system from F min to F max , where F min - minimum, and F max- the maximum frequency of the allocated radio frequency range.

[0168] Fig. 25 shows a pulse generated by a signal generator of a given amplitude, duration and shape, observed on a sampling electronic oscilloscope with a bandwidth of 2 GHz, which explains the presence of fluctuations.

[0169] As a result of the comparison carried out using the MathCAD mathematical modeling package, it was found that the amplitude, duration and shape of the signal at the output of the physical model of the generator coincide with the specified ones by at least 92.3%.

[0170] The technical result of the proposed invention is the generation of pulses of a given amplitude, duration and shape.

[0171] The above technical result is achieved by generating, delaying, and then summing X-pulses of positive polarity and Y-pulses of negative polarity, with amplitudes calculated according to a special rule, ensuring the formation of a signal of a given shape. Unlike the known circuit, the delay lines are implemented using elements with distributed parameters, such as microstrip communication lines.

[0172] The obtained technical result reduces energy losses during matching of the signal generator with the radio channel by using pulses of a shape whose spectrum coincides with the frequency response of the radio channel. The use of signals of a given amplitude, duration, and shape allows for the possibility of assigning a partially loaded radio channel to a wireless device

[10] . This allows for the use of wireless devices in conditions where radio channels are unavailable, conserving radio spectrum resources, and expanding the functionality of radio communication systems, measuring complexes and systems, and computer-aided design systems used in the development and operation of radio communication systems. For example, it becomes possible to more efficiently use the spectrum by sharing radio channels among wireless devices.

[0173] SOURCES OF INFORMATION

[0174] 1. Jim Williams. A simple but high-quality nanosecond pulse generator / / RadioPilot No. 78, 2017.

[0175] 2. Brief encyclopedic dictionary of radio electronics and radio industry / E.G. Gennadieva, V.G. Dozhdikov, A.V. Kulba [et al.]; under the general editorship of V.N. Sablin. - M.: DIVO, 2006. - 283 p.

[0176] 3. Titze U., Schenk K. Semiconductor circuit design: a reference guide. Translated from German. - Moscow: Mir, 1983. - 512 p.

[0177] 4. Horowitz P., Hill W. The Art of Circuit Design: in 3 volumes: V. 1. Trans. from English. - 4th ed. revised and enlarged. - Moscow: Mir, 1993. - 413 p.

[0178] 5. Demirchan K.S. Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering: in 3 volumes: V.1. - 4th ed. / K.S. Demirchan, L.R. Neiman, N.V. Korovkin, V.L. Chechurin. - SbP .: Piter, 2004. - 463 p.

[0179] 6. Demirchan K.S. Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering: in 3 volumes: T. 2. - 4th ed. / K.S. Demirchan, L.R. Neiman, N.V. Korovkin, V.L. Chechurin. - SbP .: Piter, 2004. - 576 p.

[0180] 7. Zapasny A.I. Fundamentals of circuit theory: a tutorial. - M.: RIOR, 2006. - 336 p.

[0181] 8. Program for determining the efficiency of using the spectral frequency band of the UWB data transmission system / Silaev N.V., Senkov M.A., Navrodsky A.V., Tagaev PP - M .: OFERNiO IUO RAO. Certificate of registration of electronic resource No. 22777. Date of registration: 05 / 23 / 2017.

[0182] 9. Golovin D.N., Graphic Mathematics, M. - L., 1931.

[0183] 10. Russian Federation Patent No. 2785790 dated 13.12.2022 H04W 72 / 00. Method for assigning a wireless device to the least loaded individual radio channel. Silaev N.V., Senkov M.A., Zhbanov I.L., Lyubutina E.V. Application No. 2022100929 dated 13.01.2022.

Claims

A signal generator of a given shape, comprising a trigger pulse source, a first comparator, a first RC circuit, a second comparator, a reference voltage source, a second RC circuit, a third comparator, wherein the trigger pulse source is connected to the inverting input of the first comparator, the non-inverting input of which is connected to the reference voltage source, the output of the first comparator is connected to the input of the first and the input of the second RC circuit, the output of the first RC circuit is connected to the non-inverting input of the second comparator, the inverting input of which is connected to the reference voltage source, the output of the second RC circuit is connected to the inverting input of the third comparator, the non-inverting input of which is connected to the reference voltage source, characterized in that a first power divider with X outputs, the numbers of the outputs of which are equal to x, where x=1…X, a second power divider with Y outputs, the numbers of the outputs of which are equal to y, where y=1…Y, a distribution block with M inputs and M outputs, where m=1…M, and M=X+Y, M delay lines, the numbers of which are equal to m, M attenuators, the numbers of which are equal to m, where m=1…M, an adder, the numbers of the inputs of which are equal to m, where the output of the second comparator is connected to the input of the first power divider, the output of the third comparator is connected to the input of the second power divider, outputs 1 through X of the first power divider are connected to inputs 1 through X of the distribution block, where the first output of the first power divider is connected to the first input of the distribution block, the second output of the first power divider is connected to the second input of the distribution block, and then in the same order up to the X output of the first power divider and the X input of the distribution block,outputs 1 through Y of the second power divider are connected to inputs X+1 through M of the distribution block, wherein the first output of the second power divider is connected to the X+1 input of the distribution block, the second output of the second power divider is connected to the X+2 input of the distribution block, then in the same order up to the Y output of the second power divider and the M input of the distribution block, the m-th output of the distribution block is connected to the input of the m-th delay line, the output of each m-th delay line is connected to the input of the m-th attenuator, the output of the m-th attenuator is connected to the m-th input of the adder.,

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