Vortex ejector burner device

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for the preparation and combustion of a fuel-air mixture and can find application in aircraft engines, thermal power plants, etc. The vortex ejector burner device comprises a casing, a flame tube, a combustion chamber, a cylindrical ejector sleeve, a channel for supplying the main air, a spark plug, and a cooling channel between the casing and the wall of the flame tube. The cylindrical ejector sleeve is made adjustable and configured for moving its nozzle part along the axis of the combustion chamber; at the outlet of the cylindrical ejector sleeve with the nozzle part, an acceleration chamber is located. The combustion chamber comprises at least two belts of openings connecting the cooling channel and the combustion chamber, and made tangentially at a variable angle relative to the combustion chamber axis. A flame stabilizer with adjusting screws is installed on the combustion chamber axis, in the end surface of which at least one radial belt of secondary air supply holes is made, and a coaxial channel with a variable cross-sectional area is made between the wall of the flame tube and the flame stabilizer.EFFECT: increase in the static pressure drop across the cylindrical ejector sleeve, improvement in the quality of preliminary preparation of the fuel-air mixture, reduction in the concentration of toxic compounds (NOx) in the combustion products; prevention of attenuation of the flow swirl in the combustion chamber, expansion of the concentration range of stable combustion according to the excess air coefficient, and reduction in the probability of flame front breakdown.2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention is intended for the preparation and combustion of a fuel-air mixture and can find application in aircraft engines, thermal power plants, etc.

[0002] A fuel combustion device is known, comprising a combustion chamber and mixing chambers, a fuel-air mixture ignition device, a swirler, a central pipe of the mixing chamber, an air supply inlet to the mixing chamber, first and second gaseous fuel supply manifolds connected to first and second gaseous fuel supply nozzles. (Patent RU 2270402 F23R3 / 00 2006.01).

[0003] The disadvantage of this design is the low completeness of fuel combustion and a narrow concentration range of stable combustion according to the excess air coefficient.

[0004] The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a device for burning fuel, containing a combustion chamber, a fire tube, a main air supply channel, a cylindrical ejector sleeve, and a spark plug (Patent RU 2256850 F23R3 / 00 08 / 16 / 2004).

[0005] The disadvantage of this design is the small static pressure drop on the cylindrical ejector sleeve, low quality of preliminary preparation of the fuel-air mixture, high concentration of nitrogen oxides NO x in combustion products; attenuation of the flow swirl in the combustion chamber; narrow concentration range of stable combustion according to the excess air coefficient, high probability of flame front breakdown.

[0006] The technical result of the invention is: an increase in the static pressure drop on the cylindrical ejector sleeve, an improvement in the quality of preliminary preparation of the fuel-air mixture; a decrease in the concentration of toxic NO compounds xin combustion products; preventing the attenuation of the flow swirl in the combustion chamber;

[0007] Expanding the concentration range of stable combustion by the excess air coefficient; reducing the probability of flame front breakdown.

[0008] The essence of the proposed technical solution is that a vortex ejector burner device containing a casing, a flame tube, a combustion chamber, a cylindrical ejector sleeve, a primary air supply channel, a spark plug, a cooling channel is made between the casing and the wall of the flame tube, wherein the cylindrical ejector sleeve is made adjustable, with the possibility of moving its nozzle part along the axis of the combustion chamber, at the outlet of the cylindrical ejector sleeve with the nozzle part an accelerating chamber is located, the combustion chamber contains at least two belts of holes connecting the cooling channel and the combustion chamber, and made tangentially with a variable angle relative to the axis of the combustion chamber, a flame stabilizer with adjusting screws is installed on the axis of the combustion chamber, in the end surface of which at least one radial belt of holes for supplying secondary air is made,between the wall of the flame tube and the flame stabilizer there is a coaxial channel with a variable cross-sectional area; the spark plug is installed near the end surface of the stabilizer.

[0009] In order to increase the static pressure difference on the cylindrical ejector sleeve, improve the quality of preliminary preparation of the air-fuel mixture and reduce the concentration of toxic NO compounds xThe swirl ejector burner contains an acceleration chamber in the combustion products. The quality of the fuel-air mixture pre-treatment is further enhanced by the adjustable cylindrical ejector sleeve, allowing movement of its nozzle along the axis of the mixing chamber. To prevent flow swirl attenuation, the combustion chamber contains two or more bands of openings connecting the cooling channel and the combustion chamber, which are tangentially oriented at a variable angle relative to the combustion chamber axis.

[0010] Expanding the stable combustion range with respect to the excess air ratio is achieved by installing a flame stabilizer on the combustion chamber axis, with a spark plug located near its end surface. To reduce the risk of flame front failure, the combustion chamber additionally contains a coaxial channel with a variable cross-sectional area, and the flame stabilizer has one or more radial secondary air inlet openings.

[0011] The invention is illustrated by figures:

[0012] Fig. 1 – shows a longitudinal section of a vortex ejection burner device with remote sections;

[0013] Fig. 2 – section A-A in Fig. 1;

[0014] Fig. 3 – section B-B in Fig. 1;

[0015] Fig. 4 – section B-B in Fig. 1.

[0016] No way. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a vortex ejector burner device with remote sections, containing a combustion chamber 1, tangentially to which a channel for supplying primary air 2 is made. In the end surface of the combustion chamber, a swirling device 3 and a cylindrical ejector sleeve 4 with an adjustable nozzle part 5 are installed. Combustion chamber 1 contains two or more belts of holes 6 connecting a cooling channel 7 with combustion chamber 1, and an acceleration chamber 8. On the axis of combustion chamber 1, a flame stabilizer 9 with adjusting screws 10 is installed, in the end surface 11 of which radial belts of holes for supplying secondary air 12 are made. Between the wall of the flame tube 13 and the flame stabilizer 9, a coaxial channel 14 is formed. The cooling channel 7 is formed by the wall of the flame tube 13 and a casing 15, to which a secondary air supply branch pipe 16 is tangentially attached and spark plug 17.

[0017] The vortex ejector burner operates as follows. Compressed air from the compressor enters the accelerating chamber 8 through the main air supply channel 2 and the swirl device 3 as a swirling flow, ejecting hydrocarbon fuel supplied through the cylindrical ejector sleeve 4 with an adjustable nozzle section 5. Preliminary preparation of the air-fuel mixture in the accelerating chamber 8 increases the static pressure drop across the cylindrical ejector sleeve 4, organizes combustion in the non-stoichiometric region of the mixture composition, and reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products by reducing local temperatures at the flame front. Adjusting the nozzle section 5 of the cylindrical ejector sleeve 4 allows it to be positioned in the region of maximum vacuum, which additionally creates a higher pressure drop and also contributes to improving the quality of the air-fuel mixture preparation.Through the belts of holes 6, made tangentially at a variable angle relative to the axis of the combustion chamber 1, the cooling air enters the combustion chamber 1 in the form of a swirling flow. This prevents the attenuation of the flow swirl during its movement in the combustion chamber 1 due to the distributed supply of fresh air masses, which impart additional angular momentum to the main flow. The fuel-air mixture formed in the acceleration chamber 8 enters the combustion tube 13 through the coaxial channel 14. Ignition of the fuel-air mixture is achieved by the spark plug 17. Behind the flame stabilizer 9, a developed recirculation zone is formed, at the boundaries of which the condition of equality of the flow velocity of the fuel-air mixture and the combustion velocity is satisfied, which ensures reliable stabilization of the flame and makes it possible to organize the combustion process in a wide concentration range of stable combustion according to the excess air coefficient.The spark plug is mounted near the boundary of the recirculation zone. Adjusting screws 10 adjust the cross-sectional area of ​​coaxial channel 14, allowing for the regulation of the flow rate of the fuel-air mixture into the flame stabilization zone and reducing the likelihood of flame front failure in all operating modes and during transitions. Radial bands of secondary air supply openings 12 are provided in the end surface 11 of flame stabilizer 9. Air from cooling channel 7 enters these openings through adjusting screws 10, which have internal cavities. This ensures the flame stabilization zone is supplied with oxidizer, preventing flame failure in the rich mixture region.

Claims

1. A vortex ejector burner device comprising a casing, a flame tube, a combustion chamber, a cylindrical ejector sleeve, a primary air supply channel, a spark plug, a cooling channel is formed between the casing and the wall of the flame tube, characterized in that the cylindrical ejector sleeve is made adjustable, with the possibility of moving its nozzle part along the axis of the combustion chamber, at the outlet of the cylindrical ejector sleeve with the nozzle part an accelerating chamber is located, the combustion chamber contains at least two belts of holes connecting the cooling channel and the combustion chamber, and made tangentially with a variable angle relative to the axis of the combustion chamber, a flame stabilizer with adjusting screws is mounted on the axis of the combustion chamber, in the end surface of which at least one radial belt of holes for supplying secondary air is formed, between the wall of the flame tube and the flame stabilizer a coaxial channel with a variable cross-sectional area is formed.

2. The device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the spark plug is installed near the end surface of the stabilizer.

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