Method of translational motion of a circuit with current in a magnetic field

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the design of electric motors and DC generators. The method of translational motion of a circuit with current in a magnetic field is ensured by placing it in the middle between two identical magnetic fields with oppositely directed induction vectors. The influence of these fields is divided into opposite parts of the circuit using two ferromagnetic screens installed inside the circuit perpendicular to the induction vectors of the specified fields.EFFECT: progressive movement of the circuit across the lines of force of the magnetic fields.1 cl, 19 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to electrical engineering, namely to the operating principles of DC electric machines.

[0002] The essence of the invention is that the circuit is not located in a single external field, but simultaneously in two identical magnetic fields, but with oppositely directed induction vectors. And instead of the conventional rotational motion, it performs translational motion across the lines of force of these fields.

[0003] This is achieved by installing ferromagnetic separating screens inside the circuit, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which allow each side of the circuit to interact with only one external field, cutting off the influence of the other.

[0004] If an electric current is passed through this circuit, the interaction with the magnetic fields will generate forces in the circuit's branches, all directed in the same direction, imparting translational motion to the circuit. This circuit motion diagram is shown in Fig. 1.

[0005] If the circuit's movement is forced, as shown in Fig. 2, this will cause a current to appear in it. An EMF will arise at the ends of the circuit.

[0006] To increase the power of an electric machine, multiple circuits are used, connected to the power source in parallel or series. It is advisable to connect them in series as a conventional winding. This design can be viewed as a solenoid with a core made of ferromagnetic shields. The schematic diagram of the solenoid is shown in Fig. 3.

[0007] The interaction diagram of a solenoid's magnetic field with external magnetic fields when current flows through it is shown in Fig. 3-1. Based on the magnetic field lines, one can judge that the strength of the two external magnetic fields decreases on one side of the solenoid, while it increases on the opposite side. This results in a force F that sets the solenoid in motion, similar to a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field (Fig. 3-2).

[0008] Instead of permanent magnets, electromagnets can be used, which makes it possible to create electric machines with high torque.

[0009] The speed of the circuit is regulated by changing the voltage in it.

[0010] The invention envisages the use of this method in rotary electric motors and generators, as well as in linear motors and AC and DC electric generators. For brushless operation, all motors are manufactured using a design consisting of a fixed stator with windings and a movable rotor or carriage with permanent magnets.

[0011] Fig.4, Fig.5 and Fig.6 show typical circuit diagrams of such motor-generators.

[0012] Electric motors and generators of this type have the advantage of being brushless and have simple control methods; the motor speed is regulated by changing the voltage in the power supply circuit, for example, using a rheostat or transistors.

[0013] For high-power electric machines, electromagnets should be used instead of permanent magnets. Some schematic diagrams of electromagnets are shown in Fig. 7-1 and Fig. 7-2. Electromagnets are powered by copper slip rings mounted on the shaft and graphite brushes.

[0014] Simple design, high technical characteristics, simple and cheap control methods can make such motors widely used in many industrial fields, including aviation and automobile, agriculture, and the production of household appliances and tools.

[0015] All the motors presented are reversible, meaning they can function as both a motor and a DC generator, and linear motors can also act as AC generators. Linear generators are well-suited for use with modern free-piston internal combustion engines. Linear generators and motors can easily be combined in groups of several, connected in parallel or series, to increase power.

[0016] External magnetic fields can be generated by both permanent magnets and electromagnets. Fig. 4, Fig. 5, and Fig. 6 show schematics of electric motor-generators with permanent magnets.

[0017] Replacing permanent magnets with electromagnets complicates the design of motors in terms of weight and dimensions, and will also slightly increase energy consumption. However, it will reduce their cost due to the elimination of expensive magnets made of rare earth metals, and will also allow the creation of new electric machines that are in demand on the market.

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