Method of dumping in controlled deformation mode on weak inclined foundation

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the formation of external waste heaps in one tier when storing loose and rocky rocks on a weak foundation with different terrain slopes. The method of waste dump formation in the controlled deformation mode on a weak inclined foundation includes the formation of a tier in the design contour of the waste dump and the backfilling of rocks. At the preliminary design stage, the parameters of the safe zone for the movement of the waste mass are determined; for this purpose, the length of the landslide path is calculated using the formula. The formation of the waste dump is carried out in one tier by storing rocks. When backfilling a waste dump to the maximum design absolute surface level, which prevents its deformation, area dumping is used. When increasing the slope to a height exceeding 1.5 times the maximum height of the dump, peripheral dumping is used, while a thrust prism is formed along the path of the predicted landslide according to the calculated parameters. Throughout the entire period of dump formation, continuous monitoring of dump deformations is carried out using a network of seismic sensors placed in the dump body on a weak sloping base and in the adjacent territory.EFFECT: ensuring the safety of waste dumping in the controlled deformation mode on a weak inclined base and the possibility of joint storage of loose and rocky rocks.2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the formation of external waste heaps in one tier when storing loose and rocky rocks (water-saturated, clayey, unstable) on a weak base with different terrain slopes.

[0002] A method of waste dumping is known, which includes transporting rocks to the unloading site and dumping them in two tiers with the formation of a supporting ridge on the lower sub-bench by continuously dumping rocks onto the outer slope until chipping occurs on its inner slope (USSR Patent No. 1008449, E21C 41 / 02).

[0003] The disadvantage of this method is the high risk of sudden collapse of the rock mass when the rock breaks extend below the lower edge of the inner slope and the impossibility of using process equipment to relieve the load in hazardous areas. Furthermore, this method is only implemented using draglines, which precludes the use of bulldozers for dumping.

[0004] The closest analogue is the controlled deformation dumping method, which involves forming tiers within the design dump contour, backfilling with hard rock, forming forward side embankments using transverse passes, backfilling the space formed by the embankments with soft rock in the direction opposite to the initial backfill, and ballast loading the embankment slopes with strong rock. After dangerous deformations occur, dumping is carried out in the space formed by the side embankments. After the side embankments stabilize, the slope is loaded along the backfill front until the rock reaches the natural slope angle. Then, dumping is carried out across the entire dump area at a rate exceeding the rate at which dangerous deformations occur. The side embankments are filled ahead of the backfill in the middle section, after which the slope of the tier is loaded along the entire perimeter, and the formation of the next tier begins.In addition, the contours of the protrusion shaft are determined on the surface of the lower tier, a trench is made in the center of the protrusion shaft to the depth of the sliding surface, it is filled with large-piece filter material and a thrust shaft with a height of 0.10-0.15 of the height of the tier being formed is formed (USSR patent No. 1723328, IPC E21C 41 / 26, E21C 41 / 32).

[0005] The disadvantage of the known method is:

[0006] 1) significant increase in the duration of cycles and their number due to the formation of several unloading fronts (at least three unloading sections simultaneously);

[0007] 2) the need for additional separation of overburden rocks according to their physical and mechanical properties;

[0008] 3) complex design of the dump and traffic pattern, which significantly reduce the productivity and efficiency of dumping;

[0009] 4) increased need for additional land area;

[0010] 5) complication of work organization due to the need to carry out backfilling at a speed exceeding the rate of occurrence of dangerous deformations, and to record the moment of stabilization of the massif.

[0011] The technical problem of the claimed invention is to increase the capacity of the dump and the efficiency of dumping on a weak sloping base in one tier while reducing the need for additional land area, simplifying the organization and increasing the safety of dumping operations.

[0012] The technical result consists in ensuring the safety of waste dumping in the controlled deformation mode on a weak inclined base and the possibility of joint storage of loose and rocky rocks.

[0013] The result is achieved by the fact that in the method of dump formation in the controlled deformation mode on a weak sloping foundation, including the formation of a tier in the design contour of the dump and the backfilling of rocks, according to the change, the parameters of the safe zone for the movement of the dump mass are preliminarily determined at the design stage, for this purpose the length of the landslide path is calculated according to the formula:

[0014]

[0015] where - length of landslide path, m; - collapse height, m; - difference in height along the landslide path, m; - base inclination angle, degrees; - angle of internal friction of rocks, deg; the formation of the dump is carried out in one tier by piling up rocks, and when filling the dump to the maximum design absolute surface elevation that excludes its deformation, area dumping is used, then when increasing the slope to a height exceeding 1.5 times the maximum height of the dump, peripheral dumping is used, while a thrust prism is formed along the path of the predicted landslide according to the calculated parameters, and throughout the entire period of dump formation, continuous monitoring of dump deformations is carried out using a network of seismic sensors placed in the body of the dump on a weak inclined foundation and in the adjacent territory.

[0016] In addition, continuous monitoring of dump deformations is also carried out using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with remote sensing equipment.

[0017] The essence of the claimed method is explained in the drawings, where:

[0018] - Fig. 1 shows the design of a maximum height blade with the arrangement of equipment and a stop prism (side view);

[0019] - Fig. 2 shows the design of a maximum height blade with the arrangement of equipment and a stop prism (top view).

[0020] The following items are indicated on the drawings: seismic sensor network 1, UAVs (drones) 2, equipped with remote monitoring equipment; dump truck 3; bulldozer 4; thrust prism (pre-dumper) 5.

[0021] Initially, at the pre-project stage, engineering and geological preparation of samples and data processing are carried out to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of the overburden rocks to be stored (angle of internal friction, adhesion, density, particle size distribution), as well as the characteristics of the rocks that make up the base (bearing capacity, degree of water saturation, presence and thickness of clay layers, slope).

[0022] The parameters of the safe zone for the movement of waste mass are determined by calculating the length of the landslide path using the formula:

[0023]

[0024] where:

[0025] - length of landslide path (inclined), m;

[0026] - collapse height (maximum height is 1.5 times the height of the dump), m;

[0027] - difference in height along the landslide path, m;

[0028] - base inclination angle, degrees;

[0029] - angle of internal friction of rocks at contact, deg.

[0030] The single-tier waste dump is being formed in the normal mode. The area method of waste dumping is adopted for stacking the overburden rock up to the design waste dump height. When the slope is increased to a height exceeding 1.5 times the maximum waste dump height, which ensures the onset of deformation processes, the peripheral method of waste dumping is adopted with unloading of dump trucks 3 (Figs. 1, 2) along the waste dump front near the upper slope edge, then the rock is moved by a bulldozer 4 down the slope. When the critical waste dump height is reached and deformation processes are activated, the landslide mass moves down the slope. If it is necessary to protect objects located along the slope below the waste dump from a landslide or to ensure its design boundary along the lower edge, a stop prism (pre-dump) 5 is created with parameters sufficient to stop the landslide mass within the design boundaries of the waste dump base (Figs. 1, 2).The calculated parameters of the thrust prism (height, base width, slope angle, shear characteristics of the constituent rocks) are determined by calculating the range of movement of the landslide mass, based on the mass and kinetic energy of the predicted landslide.

[0031] Throughout the dump formation period, a monitoring system is maintained, including the following hardware: a network of seismic sensors 1, located within the dump body and in the adjacent area, providing continuous recording of seismic vibrations and deformation processes in real time; unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) 2, equipped with photo and video cameras, lidars and / or other remote sensing equipment, performing regular overflights of the dump to identify cracks, subsidence, movements, bulges and other signs of deformation on the weak foundation; as well as a hardware and software complex for data processing and analysis with an automated alert function when threshold deformation values ​​are exceeded. Upon receipt of an alert from the monitoring system about the appearance and critical development of deformations in the weak foundation, dumping operations along the slopes are immediately stopped, and personnel and equipment are evacuated to safe backup areas.Resumption of work is permitted after the situation has stabilized and a control survey has been carried out.

[0032] The claimed method increases the capacity of the waste dump by optimally selecting the method of waste dumping on a gently sloping foundation, improves the efficiency of waste dumping by simplifying the organization of work - eliminating the need for simultaneous work in three separate unloading areas and waiting for the massif to stabilize; reduces the need for additional land area by increasing the receiving capacity of the waste dump; ensures the safety of waste dumping on a gently sloping foundation by pre-calculating the parameters of safe zones and a comprehensive monitoring system for deformation processes, and prevents landslides from extending beyond the design boundaries of the waste dump.

Claims

1. A method of waste dumping in a controlled deformation mode on a weak sloping foundation, including the formation of a tier in the design contour of the dump and the backfilling of rocks, characterized in that the parameters of the safe zone for the movement of the waste mass are determined in advance at the design stage, for which the length of the landslide path is calculated using the formula: m, Where: L0 – length of landslide path, m; H – collapse height, m; Δh – height difference along the landslide path, m; α – base inclination angle, degrees; ϕ – angle of internal friction of rocks, deg; The formation of the dump is carried out in one tier by piling up the rocks, and when filling the dump to the maximum design absolute surface elevation that excludes its deformation, area dumping is used, then when increasing the slope to a height exceeding 1.5 times the maximum height of the dump, peripheral dumping is used, while on the path of the predicted landslide a thrust prism is formed taking into account the calculated parameters, throughout the entire period of dump formation, continuous monitoring of the dump deformations is carried out using a network of seismic sensors placed in the body of the dump, in a weak sloping base and in the adjacent territory.

2. The method of waste dumping according to paragraph 1, characterized in that continuous monitoring of waste dump deformations is carried out using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with remote sensing equipment.

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