Front loader working equipment

Abstract

FIELD: construction; road machines.SUBSTANCE: invention relates in particular to front-end single-bucket loaders. The working equipment of the front loader contains a boom, a bucket, a double-arm rocker arm, boom and bucket drive mechanisms, boom control hydraulic cylinders and bucket rotation mechanism hydraulic cylinders, a traction rod, and support wheels symmetrically installed in the front part of the front loader on both sides of the boom. The support wheels are mounted on levers pivotally attached to the boom, which are driven by hydraulic cylinders pivotally attached to the boom, the blind-end chambers of which are connected to a hydraulic accumulator installed in the hydraulic control system of the working equipment.EFFECT: unloading of the boom metal structures when scooping material, increase in the durability of the loader's working equipment and its hydraulic system.1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to construction and road machines, in particular, to frontal single-bucket loaders.

[0002] Wheeled front loaders are widely used (Edited by Yu. A. Vetrov, Earthmoving Machines. Publishing Association "Vishcha Shkola," 1976, 368 pages in total, p. 330, figs. 223 and 224). These loaders consist of two articulated sections with a lever-operated working attachment. They offer high maneuverability and productivity, but require considerable effort during excavation and bucket lifting.

[0003] The disadvantage is the heavy load on the working equipment of the loader.

[0004] A bucket loader is known (Author's certificate SU 789377 A1, 23.12.1980, bulletin No. 47, IPC B56F 9 / 06. Bucket loader / Lukin A.M. Applicant and patent holder: V.V. Kuibyshev Siberian Automobile and Road Institute). The design improvement of the loader is aimed at increasing productivity by improving the material scooping process. Issues of loading the metal structures of the working equipment are not considered in the work.

[0005] The disadvantage is the greatest load on its working equipment during the bucket loading process.

[0006] A device for increasing the stability of a loader is known (Patent RU 2777629 C1, 08.08.2022, IPC E02 F 3 / 34, Nilov V.A., Zhulai V.A., Fedorov E.V.; ​​Applicant and patent holder Voronezh State Technical University).

[0007] The disadvantage is that the device only increases the longitudinal stability of the loader, but does not relieve its working equipment from maximum efforts during the period of scooping up material.

[0008] The closest to the claimed technical solution is a device for increasing the longitudinal stability of a front loader (Patent RU 2808512 C1, 11 / 28 / 2023, IPC E02 F 3 / 76. Device for increasing the longitudinal stability of a front loader / Nilov V.A., Zhulai V.A., Nyrkov V.A.; Applicant and patent holder Voronezh State Technical University), including lever equipment with a bucket and a frame with front wheels, while on the loader frame between the bucket and the front wheels there are support wheels installed, the rotation axes of which rotate in a horizontal plane and are connected through thrust bearings to the rods of hydraulic cylinders, the bodies of which are rigidly connected to the loader frame.

[0009] The disadvantage is that although the device significantly increases the longitudinal stability of the loader and has a small weight, it does not relieve the load on its working equipment.

[0010] The invention aims to relieve the metal structures of working equipment, particularly its boom, during material scooping. This is achieved by symmetrically and pivotally mounted support wheels on both sides of the boom's front section, controlled by hydraulic cylinders. The rodless cavities of these hydraulic cylinders are connected to a hydraulic accumulator.

[0011] The essence of the claimed device is explained by the drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a front loader with an empty bucket in the initial position; Fig. 2 shows a hydraulic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder control; Fig. 3 shows the beginning of the process of scooping material with a bucket; Fig. 4 shows scooping with a boom with a vertical position of the support wheels; Fig. 5 shows filling the bucket.

[0012] The working equipment of the front loader 1 includes a boom 2, driven by hydraulic cylinders 3, a bucket 4 with a turning mechanism consisting of a hydraulic cylinder 5, a double-arm rocker 6 and rods 7, support wheels 8 mounted on levers 9, driven by hydraulic cylinders 10, the rodless cavities of which are connected to an accumulator 11 installed in the hydraulic system for controlling the working equipment, through an additional spool valve 12. The main control of the hydraulic cylinders 10, as well as all the working equipment, is carried out from an additional section 13 of the standard hydraulic distributor of the loader 1, while in the front part of the boom 2 on both sides, support wheels 8 are mounted symmetrically and pivotally on levers 9, controlled by the hydraulic cylinders 10.

[0013] The front loader 1 operating equipment operates as follows. The operator maneuvers the loader 1 at the face with the bucket 4 empty and loaded, with the support wheels 8 raised above the face.

[0014] To fill the bucket 4, the operator of the loader 1 starts moving towards the face, lowers the boom 2 using the hydraulic cylinders 3. When the bucket 4 enters the stack of material to be loaded, a load appears on the bucket 4 (including a vertical load), the operator of the loader 1 lowers the support wheels 8 using the hydraulic cylinders 10 through the additional section of the hydraulic distributor 13 until they contact the face, and moves the hydraulic cylinders 3 of the boom 2 to the floating position (Fig. 1). Then, he connects the rodless cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 10 of the wheels 8 to the hydraulic accumulator 11 through the additional spool 12 (Fig. 2), which ensures constant contact of the support wheels 8 with the face.

[0015] In this case, the vertical load on the bucket 4 is supported by the support wheels 8 of the pivot arms 9, and the metal structures of the boom 2 are unloaded (Fig. 3) from the significant vertical loads arising on the bucket. The operator can then fill the bucket 4 either by rotating it with the hydraulic cylinder 5 through the double-arm rocker 6 and the rods 7 (separate mode), or by lifting the boom 2 with the hydraulic cylinders 3 (excavation mode). A combined method of filling the bucket is also possible. In all the cases considered, unloading of the boom 2 will be ensured while the support wheels 8 are in contact with the face (Figs. 4, 5). After the support wheels 8 are lifted off the face, the operator uses the additional spool 12 to disconnect the rodless cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 10 from the hydraulic accumulator 11 and switches them to the additional section of the hydraulic distributor 13.

[0016] After bucket 4 is full, the operator removes it from the face, lifts it, and moves loader 1 to the unloading area. In transport mode, the operator can lock hydraulic cylinders 10 of support wheels 8 or leave them in the lowest position (Fig. 5). Loader 1 then repeats its operating cycle.

[0017] The claimed design relieves the boom's metal structure when scooping material and partially relieves the hydraulic system, thereby increasing the durability of the loader's working equipment and its hydraulic system. The device is lightweight and inexpensive, which positively impacts the loader's performance.

Claims

The working equipment of a front loader, comprising a boom, a bucket, a double-arm rocker arm, boom and bucket drive mechanisms, boom control hydraulic cylinders and bucket rotation mechanism hydraulic cylinders, a traction rod, support wheels symmetrically mounted in the front part of the front loader on both sides of the boom, characterized in that the support wheels are mounted on levers pivotally mounted on the boom, which are driven by hydraulic cylinders pivotally mounted on the boom, the rodless cavities of which are connected to a hydraulic accumulator installed in the hydraulic control system of the working equipment.

Images