Method for reducing weed infestation in row crops

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to crop production. The method includes sowing an interim crop in the form of a winter crop. During the tillering phase of winter grain crops, when they reach a height of 15-20 cm, their leaves and stems are mown down to a height of 5-10 cm from the soil surface. 10 cm wide furrows are made between the rows, into which the row crop is sown. After the emergence of row crop seedlings and the growth of two or three true leaves, the seedlings are sprayed with 0.001% succinic acid at an application rate of 200 l / ha. The remains of winter grain crops are sprayed with the Forward herbicide at an application rate of 1.2 l / ha.EFFECT: reduction in weed infestation of row crops without destroying the soil surface and without soil deflation.1 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

[0001] The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of plant growing, in particular to methods for controlling weeds when growing row crops.

[0002] A method is known for caring for row crops, including the formation of plantings, loosening the space between rows with fertilizing plants and sprinkling soil over weeds in protective zones and rows, in which, in order to reduce the infestation of sugar or fodder beet crops and increase its yield, loosening the space between rows with fertilizing plants and sprinkling weeds in protective zones and rows of beets is carried out in the phase of plant development from two to five pairs of true leaves simultaneously with loosening the soil in protective zones and rows of beets with spatulate rotary working bodies, and when sprinkling soil over weeds in protective zones and rows of beets, first loosening the soil in these protective zones and rows of beets is carried out, and then sprinkling this loosened soil and the weeds in it with loose soil raised from inter-row spacing with hillers. (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 1414340, published 07.08.1988)

[0003] A known method involves using the KVG-1.5 tool, a smooth water-filled roller, which is fitted to wide-grip hitches (S-NU; SG-21; SP-16) and rolled in the fall, leveling the fallow land in the spring, as soon as the field can be opened. After 8-10 days, a mass of young, not yet firmly established weeds appears on the rolled field. Harrowing on such a field suppresses up to 80-87% of the first wave of weeds. Harrows are also mounted on wide-grip hitches. After harrowing, a second rolling is carried out, and, 8-10 days later, a second harrowing is carried out, which "finishes off" the top 0-5 cm soil layer from a significant portion of the second wave of weeds. The third wave of weeds is controlled during the growing season of sunflowers and corn. For this purpose, pre- and post-emergence harrowing with mandatory post-sowing rolling is also used, also using KVG-1.5 in wide-grip hitches. (https: / / studfile.net / preview / 9070930 / page:5 / )

[0004] Catch crops are known to be biological methods of weed control, exerting a multifaceted impact on the agrophytocenosis of crop rotation. The beneficial effect of catch crops is explained by the fact that their dense stems suppress weeds, and after plowing, microflora develops in the soil, inhibiting weed seeds and root rot pathogens. The use of herbicides and improved tillage systems alter the competitive ability of crops. Subsurface tillage as part of a crop rotation contributes to increased infestation of grain crops with perennial, overwintering, and winter weeds (https: / / news.nnsaa.ru / wp-content / uploads / 2023 / 05 / Zashita-ot-sorniacov.pdf).

[0005] The general disadvantages of known methods include mechanical weed control, which destroys the soil, thereby disrupting the water balance of the root zone of seedlings.

[0006] The task is to create a method for reducing weed infestation in row crops.

[0007] Technical result - reduction of weed infestation of row crops without destruction of the soil surface (i.e. without the use of mechanical weeding), absence of soil deflation.

[0008] The technical result is achieved by a method for reducing the infestation of row crops, including the sowing of a catch crop and the use of herbicides, in which winter grain crops are used as catch crops; during the tillering phase at a height of 15-20 cm, the leaves and stems are mown to a height of 5-10 cm from the soil surface; technological furrows 10 cm wide are made between the rows, into which the row crop is sown at a temperature of 12-15; after the emergence of the row crop seedlings and the growth of two or three true leaves, they are sprayed with 0.001% succinic acid at an application rate of 200 l / ha; the remains of the winter grain crop are sprayed with the Forward preparation at an application rate of 1.2 l / ha.

[0009] The invention is explained by a drawing showing a cropping scheme, where 1 is winter crop cropping, 2 is row crop cropping, 3 is technological furrows.

[0010] Forward is a herbicide for the control of annual and perennial grass weeds in a wide range of crops. The product is absorbed by leaves and transported to the growing points of shoots and rhizomes, exerting herbicidal action on susceptible weeds present in the crops at the time of application.

[0011] Succinic acid is a plant growth regulator and stress adaptogen: it increases resistance to adverse environmental influences, accelerates flowering, and increases crop yields. It quickly decomposes in the soil and does not pollute the environment. The greatest effect is achieved when applied to young plants.

[0012] Example of specific implementation.

[0013] In the spring, during the tillering phase of winter grain crops, at a height of 15-20 cm, the leaves and stems were mown to a height of 5-10 cm from the soil surface. This was done so that during the germination period of row crop seeds, the winter grain plants in the tillering phase would prevent the germination of weed seeds and provide protection of the soil surface between rows.

[0014] In the rows between winter grain crops, technological furrows 10 cm wide were made (for example, with the coulters of a seeding apparatus), into which a row crop was sown (for example, soybeans, or cotton, or grain beans, etc.).

[0015] After the emergence of row crop seedlings and the growth of two or three true leaves, they were sprayed with 0.001% succinic acid at an application rate of 200 l / ha.

[0016] The preparation of the working solution of succinic acid was carried out according to a known scheme.

[0017] (https: / / procvetok.com / 380823 / ?ysclid=mhn7xowukl87698504).

[0018] To prepare a 1% working solution, 1 g of succinic acid was dissolved in a glass of warm water. The solution was then allowed to stand and diluted with water to a volume of one liter. The resulting working solution was brought to 0.01% by adding 100 ml of cold water to a volume of 10 liters.

[0019] To destroy winter grain crop residues, they were sprayed with Forward at a rate of 1.2 l / ha. The resulting layer of roots, stems, and leaves on the soil surface prevented soil deflation (the process of soil cover destruction by wind) and continued to inhibit weed regrowth. The protective period lasted over 30 days. During this time, the rows of row crops closed, providing further protection from weeds.

[0020] Mowing during the tillering phase when winter grain crops are growing at 15-20 cm is optimal, since the cut stems and leaves are short (approximately 5-15 cm), which has a positive effect on both soil deflation and the formation of a surface layer for technological furrows.

[0021] Mowing to a height of 5-10 cm from the soil surface has a beneficial effect on ventilation and illumination of the seedlings of row crops, since the growing seedlings are above the surface of the remains of the winter crop.

[0022] The effectiveness of the application of the claimed method is confirmed by the data presented in Table 1 - the effect of crops on the overall weed infestation of the field and Table 2 - the effect of crops on individual types of weeds. Thus, the claimed method ensures a reduction in the weed infestation of row crops without destroying the soil surface (i.e. without the use of mechanical weeding) and the absence of soil deflation.

[0023]

[0024]

Claims

A method for reducing weed infestation in row crops, including sowing a catch crop in the form of a winter crop, characterized in that during the tillering phase of the winter grain crop at a height of 15-20 cm, its leaves and stems are mown to a height of 5-10 cm from the soil surface, technological furrows 10 cm wide are made between the rows, into which the row crop is sown, after the emergence of seedlings of the row crop and the growth of two or three true leaves, the seedlings are sprayed with 0.001% succinic acid at an application rate of 200 l / ha, the remains of the winter grain crop are sprayed with a herbicide - the Forward preparation at an application rate of 1.2 l / ha.

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