Unmanned aerial vehicle interceptor

Abstract

FIELD: aviation technology.SUBSTANCE: unmanned aerial vehicle-interceptor comprises a body, electric motors mounted on consoles, a battery, a head section with a guidance and control system, and a payload compartment with a warhead. The body comprises spring-loaded stops and supports with a limit switch installed in it, and a rotary unit with a torsion spring is mounted for rotating and placing consoles and electric motors in them. The body is designed in shape and dimensions to allow for free placement in a cylindrical launch container.EFFECT: design of the UAV and its compact placement are simplified.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to aviation technology, in particular unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed to intercept and destroy air targets.

[0002] A device is known - a fighter of small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles according to patent RU 145279 U1, published in 2014, containing a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with an automatic control system and elements of artificial intelligence, a parachute, a detonator, all-round cameras, six compartments located in a row in the lower part of the fuselage for placing destruction devices that have a strictly sectional direction and a pointed shape of the destruction elements for the destruction of small enemy UAVs.

[0003] However, the known device is large and not intended for mobile use. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a parachute-launched device against fast-moving targets is questionable.

[0004] An attack multicopter is known according to patent RU 188791 U1, published in 2019, comprising a fuselage with external beams on which frames are mounted with the ability to rotate around the axis of the beams at an angle of 360°, propulsion means with rotors located in annular channels installed in frames with the ability to rotate at an angle of 360° along the axis of the fuselage beams and at least one block of unguided aircraft missiles integrated into the fuselage of the multicopter and installed perpendicular to its structural horizontal.

[0005] The disadvantage of the known device is its complex design and control system (rotary frame, ring channels with the ability to rotate 360°), the lack of a regular storage place.

[0006] A multipurpose UAV interceptor is known under patent RU 2723203 U1, published in 2019. It comprises a ram with a striking part as a payload, an impact absorption device with a hinge, and a shock absorber-like damper. A frame with a stretched net and a harpoon are mounted on the ram. A servo drive for adjusting the ram's position is installed in the ram's body. The guidance system is designed to ensure the ram's contact interception of the target, while the guidance system ensures contactless flight of the ram's body near the target.

[0007] The disadvantages of the known device include the relative difficulty in aiming at the target, as well as the inability to hit a target larger than the size of the frame with the grid.

[0008] A UAV interceptor is known under patent RU 2825677 U1, published in 2024. It comprises a hull with a control and observation device and a combined small arms system, the barrels of which may be of the same or different calibers, but with the same recoil when fired. The barrels are pointed in diametrically opposite directions. The combined small arms system can rotate in various planes to allow targeting using the sighting device or be rigidly mounted to the body of the UAV interceptor. In this case, targeting can be accomplished using the UAV's control and observation device.

[0009] However, the effectiveness of firing small arms from a UAV at moving aerial targets is questionable given the limited ammunition supply (the presence of shaking, high relative speeds of the UAV and the target, and the recoil of the weapon).

[0010] A common drawback of known devices is the lack of the ability to compactly store and launch in containers, which negatively affects the mobility of the devices under consideration.

[0011] The closest in terms of the set of essential features to the claimed invention is a multi-rotor drone according to patent CN 111056015 A, published in 2020, comprising a body, power engines secured to rods that are folding in two places, a battery compartment, a control compartment, a homing head, and a warhead.

[0012] However, the two-section design of the device's rods is unreliable under potentially high overload conditions. The design also does not allow for compact placement, such as in portable containers. Furthermore, it is unclear how the rods on which the power motors are mounted are arranged and secured in the operating position.

[0013] The objective of the present invention is to create a reliable, simple and compact unmanned aerial vehicle-interceptor, with the ability to be stored and launched from a portable launch container.

[0014] This problem is solved by incorporating into the unmanned aerial vehicle-interceptor, which comprises a body, electric motors mounted on consoles, a battery, a warhead with a guidance and control system, and a payload compartment containing a warhead. The body also incorporates spring-loaded stops and supports, and a rotating assembly with a torsion spring for rotating and accommodating the consoles and electric motors. The body is shaped and sized to accommodate a launch container. The launch container is equipped with a shutter, a trigger mechanism, a spring, guides for interacting with the shutter's yokes, and a destructible cover.

[0015] The technical result of using the invention is the ability to simplify the UAV design and achieve compact packaging thanks to folding electric motor consoles and a rotating assembly. Furthermore, the invention enables fully automatic launch, using a single lever on the launch container, by connecting all UAV systems to a power source via a limit switch upon launch.

[0016] The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings. Fig. 1 shows a general view of the UAV interceptor and a launch container for its storage and launch, Fig. 2 - a general view of the UAV interceptor in flight, Fig. 3 - the device of the launch container, Fig. 4 - a section A-A of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 - the device of the trigger mechanism, Fig. 6 - the internal layout of the UAV interceptor.

[0017] The unmanned aerial vehicle-interceptor comprises a body 1, folding consoles 2 of electric engines 3, a warhead 4, and also a portable launch container 5 of cylindrical shape.

[0018] In the housing 1, made in the form of a cylinder repeating the internal dimensions of the launch container 5 with the necessary clearances for free movement, a rotating unit 6 is installed and supports 7 are made for consoles 2, and inside the housing 1 there are batteries 8 and a compartment with a payload 9, which can be a combat charge 10 with striking elements 11.

[0019] The rotary unit 6 consists of a sleeve 12, fixed on an axis 13 with the possibility of rotation, and a console 2, rigidly fixed on the sleeve 12. At the other end of the console 2, an electric motor 3 is mounted with screws 14, fixed on an axis 15 of the motor 3. A pin 16, freely moving in a groove 17, is fixed on the sleeve 12, and a torsion spring is located inside (not shown in the figures). One of the consoles 2 contains a pusher 18, interacting with a limit switch 19, located in the body 1 of the UAV.

[0020] The head part 4 is fixed in the upper part of the body 1 and contains a guidance system (for example, radar, acoustic, etc.) and control, as well as spring-loaded stops 20 on opposite sides of the head part 4, for tight placement and preventing free horizontal movement of the UAV interceptor in the launch container 5.

[0021] The launch container 5 has the shape of a cylinder, sealed on the bottom side, and closed on the top by a destructible (or easily removable) cover 21. On the inner walls of the launch container 5 along the vertical line there are guides 22, made with an indentation from the edges, and on the outer side wall a lever 23 of the trigger mechanism and fastening elements 24 are mounted. In the bottom part of the launch container 5 a spring 25 is installed, interacting with an obturator 26, in the lower part of which yokes 27 are fixed, interacting with guides 22. The end of the lever 23 of the trigger mechanism is connected to the stopper 28 by means of a rod 29. The stopper 28 is fixed with one end on an axis 30 with the possibility of rotation, and with the other rests against the upper part of the obturator 26.

[0022] The invention is operated and functions as follows.

[0023] Before using the UAV interceptor, it must be installed in the container. To do this, all consoles 2 are lowered along the body 1 into the cradles 7 and spring-loaded stops 20 are installed. The UAV interceptor is then lowered into the launch container 5, whereby the bottom of the body 1 rests against the obturator 26 and moves it to the bottom of the container, compressing the spring 25. This continues until the edge of the obturator 26 is below the stopper 28. In this case, the obturator is fixed from vertical movement at the bottom by spring 25, and at the top by stopper 28. Spring-loaded stops 20 and the axis 15 of the engine 3 rest against the inner walls of the launch container 5, which prevents its free horizontal movement. Next, the destructible cover 21 is installed, sealing the interior. In this form, the device is ready for use.The fastening elements 24 located on the side walls of the launch container 5 allow it to be secured to equipment or to fasten several launch containers 5 together.

[0024] The launch of the UAV-interceptor is initiated by pressing the lever 23. At the same time, the rod 29, connected to the stopper 28, rotates it around the axis 30, releasing it from engagement with the obturator 26. At the beginning of the movement, the warhead 4 breaks (pushes out) the destructible cover 21, clearing the path for the UAV-interceptor. The obturator 26, under the action of the spring 25, moves upward, pushing the UAV-interceptor, while the yokes 27 slide along the guides 22 to prevent twisting, jamming, and ensure a stop at the top of the launch container.

[0025] After the UAV-interceptor leaves the launch container 5, the spring-loaded stops 20 are released from the seats in the nose section 4 under the action of the springs and fly apart in opposite directions. The consoles 2, thanks to the rotary unit 6, open, while the sleeve 12, under the action of the torsion spring in it, rotates on the axis 13 by 90°. The pin 16, rigidly fixed on the sleeve 12, moves freely in the groove 17, resting in the extreme positions against the walls of the groove, thereby limiting the angle of rotation of the console 2. When the consoles 2 open, the pusher 18 moves away from the limit switch 19, thereby connecting the batteries 8 to the power circuit of the UAV-interceptor, all its systems are activated, the electric motors 3 begin to rotate, and the propellers 14, under the action of centrifugal force, take the working position. This is how the autonomous flight of the UAV interceptor begins.

[0026] When approaching the target, the warhead 10, located in the payload compartment 9, is detonated, and the striking elements 11 that fly apart at the same time increase the probability of hitting the target.

[0027] Thus, due to the design features of the unmanned aerial vehicle-interceptor, the invention makes it possible to create a reliable, simple and compact design of the UAV-interceptor, with the possibility of storing it and launching it from a launch container, which expands the scope of its application and increases the efficiency of its use.

[0028] The combination of essential features of the claimed device will ensure the achievement of the stated goal. The authors are unaware of technical solutions in the field of aviation technology, specifically unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed to intercept and destroy aerial targets, that contain features equivalent to the distinctive features of the claimed device. The authors are unaware of technical solutions in other fields of technology that possess the properties of the claimed technical solution. Therefore, the claimed technical solution, in the authors' opinion, meets the criterion of essential features.

Claims

An unmanned aerial vehicle-interceptor, comprising a body, electric motors secured to consoles, a battery, a head section with a guidance and control system and a payload compartment with a combat charge, characterized in that the body has spring-loaded stops, cradles, with a limit switch installed therein and a rotating unit with a torsion spring is mounted for rotating and placing consoles and electric motors in them, said body is made in shape and dimensions for the possibility of free placement in a cylindrical launch container.

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