Equipment movement and vibration monitoring system

Abstract

FIELD: measuring technology.SUBSTANCE: system for monitoring the movements and vibrations of equipment contains a measuring device, a device for recording and converting signals, and computing device 23, all connected to each other. The measuring device includes displacement and vibration sensor 1 (DVS 1), which has a means for diagnosing the technical condition, including an electrical action means and mechanical action means 6. The device for recording and converting signals has block 10 of converter modules, including software-controlled generator 11 (SCG 11), software-controlled diagnostic module 12 (SCDM 12), software-controlled amplifier-converter module 15 (SCAM 15), alternating voltage source 13 (AVS 13), and direct current source 14 (DCS 15). SCG 11 is connected by its terminals via electrical communication lines 18 and 22, respectively, with DVS 1 and with CD 23. The SCDM is connected by some of its terminals via electrical communication lines 16, 20, 17, 21, respectively, through AVS and DCS with the technical condition diagnostic tool, and by its other terminal it is connected by electrical communication line 22 with CD 23. SCAM 15 is connected by its terminals via electrical communication lines 19 and 22, respectively, with DVS 1 and with CD 23.EFFECT: possibility of simultaneous measurement of displacements, vibration velocity and vibration acceleration of equipment while simultaneously increasing the reliability and accuracy of measuring the magnitude of displacements and vibrations of the equipment.11 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to control and measuring equipment and can be used to measure and control the movements and vibrations of various units and equipment, including equipment and pipelines of reactor installations of various types.

[0002] A device for measuring displacements is known from the prior art, comprising a solenoid-type transformer sensor consisting of a frame enclosing a movable core, an exciting winding uniformly distributed along the length of the frame, a measuring winding made of two half-windings with a linearly increasing and linearly decreasing number of turns along the length of the frame, connected in series in opposite directions, and also containing an alternating voltage generator, a zero potential bus, a synchronous detector, the signal input of which is connected to one terminal of the measuring winding of the sensor, the other terminal of which is connected to the zero potential bus, and the reference input is connected to the alternating voltage generator, a second alternating voltage generator of a different frequency, two voltage-to-current converters, an amplifier with an adjustable gain, an adder, three synchronous detectors, two differential amplifiers (see.patent RU 2082076, published 06 / 20 / 1997).

[0003] A prior art discloses a linear displacement phase sensor comprising a linear ruler with windings whose active sides are parallel to the linear ruler axis, and a magnetic shunt made of a ferromagnetic material, movable along the ruler. A magnetic circuit with N teeth of equal length, arranged along the linear ruler axis and equally spaced from each other, is located on the linear ruler. Three windings are laid on these teeth, the number of turns of one of the windings varies sinusoidally depending on the tooth serial number, the number of turns of the second winding varies cosine-wise, and the number of turns of the third winding is the same on all teeth, and it covers a number of teeth equal to the laying period of the sine and cosine windings (see patent RU 2272244, published 20.03.2006).

[0004] Also known is a phase linear displacement sensor comprising a data ruler with a multiphase winding located thereon, and a movable measuring element in the form of a transformer, the open magnetic circuit of which is located above the ruler. The different phases of the multiphase winding are located in the same plane, with the turns of each phase being triangular and wound around the ruler in both forward and reverse directions with the same period, such that the active pole contours of each phase are diamond-shaped (see patent RU 2658131, published June 19, 2018).

[0005] The above-mentioned devices and phase sensors are intended only for motion monitoring and are not intended for vibration monitoring. These sensors have inductive sensing elements. The disadvantage of these sensors is the low reliability and accuracy of the measurement results, as well as the lack of diagnostic capabilities for the technical condition of inductive sensors.

[0006] A linear displacement and vibration sensor is known, comprising a housing, a linear stepper motor placed in it, a retractable rod with a mark, spring-loaded relative to the housing, a contact tip placed coaxially with it, a non-magnetic sleeve connected to the sensor housing by a keyed connection, on which a measuring winding is secured and to the free end of which a nut is connected, forming a screw pair with a steel shaft of the linear stepper motor, an internal rod secured in the housing of the retractable rod by a nut. The sensor uses a measuring winding with a winding length of 10 mm and a wire thickness of no more than 0.1 mm to record 30 mm of linear displacement and 600 µm of vibrations, while a ferromagnetic tip is placed coaxially with the contact tip and is capable of moving relative to the non-magnetic sleeve (see patent RU 2456541, published 20.07.2012).

[0007] The disadvantage of such a sensor is the lack of the ability to quickly diagnose its technical condition, which can affect the reliability and accuracy of the obtained results of measuring the movements and vibrations of the equipment.

[0008] A technical solution known in the art for monitoring the magnitude of displacements and vibrations is closest to the proposed invention. This technical solution comprises a measuring device, a signal recording and conversion device, and a computing device, all connected to one another. The measuring device, as well as the recording and conversion device, include a sensor for measuring apparent acceleration, an electric generator, an instrumentation amplifier, a quadrature detector, a first differentiation unit with scaling, a second differentiation unit with scaling, a summation unit with scaling, and a phase shifter (see patent RU 2834759, published 14.02.2025).

[0009] A drawback of the closest solution is the lack of the ability to quickly diagnose the technical condition of the displacement and vibration sensors, which reduces the reliability and accuracy of the measurement results. Another drawback is the use of long cable lines to transmit low-voltage signals from the displacement and vibration sensors to the devices recording and converting electrical signals and the devices calculating the displacement and vibration values. This weakens the transmitted signals and significantly reduces the accuracy of displacement and vibration measurements.

[0010] The technical problem solved by the proposed invention is the elimination of the indicated shortcomings by creating technical means that allow for the prompt diagnosis of the technical condition of equipment displacement and vibration sensors during the operation of the equipment without stopping it.

[0011] The technical result of the invention is to provide the ability to simultaneously measure the displacement, vibration velocity and vibration acceleration of equipment while simultaneously increasing the reliability and accuracy of measuring the magnitude of the displacement and vibration of the equipment.

[0012] The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the fact that the system for monitoring the movements and vibrations of equipment contains a measuring device, a device for recording and converting signals and a computing device (CD), connected to each other, the measuring device includes a displacement and vibration sensor (DVS), which has a means for diagnosing the technical condition, including a means for electrical action and a means for mechanical action, the device for recording and converting signals has a block of converter modules, including a software-controlled generator (SCG), a software-controlled diagnostic module (SCDM), a software-controlled amplifier-converter module (SCAM), an alternating voltage source (AVS) and a direct current source (DCS), wherein the SCAM is connected by its terminals by electrical communication lines to the SCG and to the CD,The PUMD is connected by some of its terminals via electrical communication lines through the IPN and IPT with the technical condition diagnostic tool, and by its other terminal it is connected by an electrical communication line to the VU, the PUMUP is connected by its terminals via electrical communication lines to the DPV and to the VU.

[0013] In addition, the electrical action means may include an excitation winding of the DPV connected by an electrical communication line to the IPN, and the mechanical action means may include an armature and an excitation winding connected by an electrical communication line to the IPN.

[0014] Furthermore, the electrical communication lines connecting the PUG to the DPV, the PUMD to the technical condition diagnostic tool, and the PUMUP to the DPV can be analog cable communication lines. These analog cable communication lines can be shielded or made of twisted-pair cable.

[0015] Furthermore, the electrical communication lines connecting the PUG, PUMD, and PUMUP to the VU may constitute a digital information communication line. This digital information communication line may be implemented as a fiber-optic cable or a shielded twisted-pair cable.

[0016] In addition, electrical communication lines connect the converter module block with the DPV, mainly through the contacts of the sealed penetration, while the DPV is located on the controlled equipment in a protective sealed enclosure, and the converter module block is located in the immediate vicinity of the sealed penetration exit from the sealed enclosure.

[0017] In addition, electrical communication lines may have detachable connections located in a protective hermetic shell.

[0018] In addition, the PUMUP can be implemented on the basis of a multi-bit analog-to-digital converter.

[0019] The invention is explained by a drawing, the figure of which schematically shows a block diagram of the proposed system for monitoring the movements and vibrations of equipment.

[0020] The proposed system for monitoring the movements and vibrations of equipment contains a set of devices, elements and components connected to each other and including a measuring device, a device for recording and converting signals and a computing device.

[0021] The measuring device of the proposed system for monitoring equipment displacement and vibration includes an inductive displacement and vibration sensor 1 (hereinafter referred to as DPV 1), which can be configured using a bridge, transformer, or other connection schemes. DPV 1 is intended for installation on the monitored equipment. The number of DPV 1s may be arbitrary, depending on the amount of equipment to be monitored and on which DPV 1 is to be installed. Hereinafter, DPV 1 will be referred to in the singular; however, it should be understood that such a reference may also imply that there may be more than one DPV 1.

[0022] DPV 1 has a housing, inside which an excitation winding 2 of the DPV 1, measuring windings 3 of the DPV 1, an anchor 4 of the DPV 1 (a sensitive element), and a rod 5 of the DPV 1 are located. The excitation winding 2 of the DPV 1 and the measuring windings 3 of the DPV 1 are fixedly fixed inside the housing of the DPV 1. The anchor 4 of the DPV 1 is fixed on the rod 5 of the DPV 1, wherein the rod 5 is movably (for example, with the help of plain bearings, etc.) located inside the housing (in the cavity of the housing) with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the DPV 1. One free end of the rod 5 (tip) comes out of the housing of the DPV 1 and is intended for contact with the surface of the object under control, that is, for pressing against the surface of the equipment being controlled, for example, with the help of a spring (not shown).

[0023] Excitation winding 2 of DPV 1 forms a means of electrical action on DPV 1 (hereinafter referred to as EIA).

[0024] Inside the DPV 1, there is also a means 6 for mechanical action (hereinafter referred to as MMA 6) on the DPV 1. MMA 6 includes an anchor 7 of the MMA 1, movably mounted relative to the housing of the DPV 1, and a winding 8 of the MMA 6, fixedly secured in the DPV 1. MMA 6 provides the possibility of mechanical movement of the housing of the DPV 1 with measuring windings 6 relative to the anchor 4 of the DPV 1.

[0025] CMEA and SMV 6 together form a means of diagnosing the technical condition of DPV 1, which allows for the prompt diagnosis of the technical condition of DPV 1 both before the equipment is put into operation and during the operation of the equipment, allowing for the proper operability of DPV 1 to be monitored, and for the malfunctions or damage of DPV 1 to be promptly identified, which allows for the elimination of any errors and faults in the functioning of DPV 1, which significantly increases the reliability and accuracy of measuring the magnitude of movements and vibrations of the equipment, increasing the overall safety of the operation of the reactor plant.

[0026] DPV 1, using electrical communication lines, some of which include detachable connections 9 (switch boxes, connectors, etc.), is connected to a signal recording and conversion device, which includes a block of 10 converter modules.

[0027] In this case, the block 10 of converter modules includes a software-controlled generator 11 (hereinafter referred to as SCG 11), a software-controlled module 12 for diagnosing the DPV 1 (hereinafter referred to as PUMD 12), a source 13 of alternating voltage (hereinafter referred to as IPN 13), a source 14 of direct electric current (hereinafter referred to as IPT 14), as well as a software-controlled module 15 of the amplifier-converter (hereinafter referred to as PUMUP 15), which is made on the basis of a multi-bit analog-to-digital converter.

[0028] The connection of the elements of the block 10 of the converter modules with the DPV 1 is carried out as follows.

[0029] PUMD 12 is connected via its terminals via electrical communication lines through IPN 13 and IPT 14 to the technical condition diagnostic tool. Within the converter module block 10, the connection between PUMD 12 and IPN 13 is primarily achieved directly via electrical communication line 16, and the connection between PUMD 12 and IPT 14 is primarily achieved directly via electrical communication line 17.

[0030] The excitation winding 2 of the DPV 1 is connected to the output of the PUG 11 via the electrical communication line 18, which includes the detachable connection 9.

[0031] The output of the DPV 1 is connected to the input of the PUMUP 15 using the electrical communication line 19, which includes the detachable connection 9.

[0032] IPN 13 is connected with the excitation winding 2 of the DPV 1 by means of an electrical communication line 20, which includes a detachable connection 9. In this case, the means of electrical action, which includes the excitation winding 2 of the DPV 1, connected by the communication line 20 through the detachable connection 9 with IPN 13, which in turn is connected by the communication line 16 with the PUMD 12, together form a device for electrical action on the DPV 1.

[0033] IPT 14 is connected with winding 8 of SMV 6 by means of electric communication line 21, which includes detachable connection 9. In this case, SMV 6, which includes armature 7 and winding 8 of SMV 6, connected by communication line 21 through detachable connection 9 with IPT 14, which in turn is connected by communication line 17 with PUMD 12, together form a device for mechanical action on the housing of DPV 1.

[0034] All of the above-mentioned electrical communication lines 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 are analog cable communication lines. These analog cable communication lines are primarily constructed using shielded wires, with the wire shields connected to the ground-voltage electrical circuits PUG 11, IPN 13, IPT 14, and PUMUP 15. Shielding the cable communication lines provides increased noise immunity during analog signal transmission, which improves the reliability and accuracy of displacement and vibration measurements of the monitored equipment, minimizing signal loss during system operation and eliminating errors and inaccuracies.Analog cable communication lines are also primarily made of twisted-pair cable, which provides increased noise immunity when transmitting analog signals, since the intertwining of wires within the cable reduces the impact of electromagnetic interference from extraneous, external sources, and, thus, increases the reliability and accuracy of measuring the magnitude of movement and vibration of the monitored equipment, minimizing signal loss during system operation, eliminating the occurrence of errors and inaccuracies.

[0035] In turn, the outputs of PUG 11, PUMD 12 and PUMUP 15 are connected to the computing device 23 using electrical communication lines 22. Electrical communication lines 22 represent an information digital communication line (up to 200 m or more), which is made mainly in the form of a fiber-optic cable or in the form of a shielded cable of the "twisted pair" type, etc. The use of an information digital communication line in the form of a fiber-optic cable with increased noise immunity as electrical communication lines 22 allows for minimizing signal losses during the operation of the system, eliminating the occurrence of errors and inaccuracies, increasing the reliability and accuracy of measuring the magnitude of movements and vibrations of the controlled equipment.

[0036] The computing device 23 may be an industrial computer or other electronic computer that performs calculation and control functions. The computing device 23 may be equipped with a display device to visually display measurement data in a format convenient for the operator, necessary for prompt decision-making. The display device may be a monitor or display.

[0037] The arrangement of elements (components, devices) of the proposed system for monitoring movements and vibrations is carried out as follows.

[0038] The monitored equipment is located within a protective sealed enclosure 24, which has a sealed penetration 25. Sealed penetration 25 has electrical contacts for connecting communication lines 18, 19, 20, and 21, which connect DPV 1 to converter module unit 10. The electrical contacts of sealed penetration 25 allow connection of DPV 1 to unit 10 using the shortest possible electrical communication lines 18, 19, 20, and 21, reducing signal loss.

[0039] The DPV 1 is located on the monitored equipment in a protective hermetic shell 24, wherein the housing of the DPV 1 is secured to the building structure with a clamp (not shown) located in the area of ​​the end with the protruding rod 5, and the rod 5 with its tip is pressed against the surface of the monitored equipment. The movement of the monitored equipment (object) relative to the building structure is equivalent to the movement of the armature 4 relative to the measuring windings 3 of the DPV 1 and leads to a proportional change in the output voltage of the DPV 1, which, after amplification, filtering, detection and conversion by the transducer module unit 10, serves as the output signal of the displacement and vibration measuring channel.

[0040] Block 10 of converter modules performs the function of recording and converting electrical signals and is located in the immediate vicinity of the exit of sealed penetration 25 from sealed enclosure 24 in an auxiliary free-access room, which makes it possible to shorten the length of electrical communication lines, reducing signal losses, and increasing the reliability and accuracy of measuring the magnitude of movement and vibration of the monitored equipment.

[0041] The detachable connections of 9 electrical communication lines are located in a protective hermetic shell 24.

[0042] The computing device 23 is located in a service room 26 of free access for the reactor plant personnel, which is remote from the sealed penetration 25 of the containment shell 24 at a distance of up to 200 m or more.

[0043] The following technical requirements are imposed on the VVER reactor plant displacement and vibration monitoring systems: displacement measurement range - ± (0÷100) mm; reduced displacement measurement error - ±1.0%; vibration displacement monitoring range - from 10 μm to 1000 μm. Thus, displacement monitoring and, accordingly, the voltage proportional to the displacement magnitude, is carried out in a range of no more than two decades, which, in practice, makes the requirement for vibration displacement monitoring (vibration velocity and vibration acceleration) in the range from 10 μm to 1000 μm impossible to fulfill.

[0044] The use of a multi-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (from 16 to 24 bits) in the PUMUP 15 allows for an expanded range (at least three decades) and increased accuracy in measuring the voltage proportional to the displacement value. Since the value of the least significant bit (hereinafter DMB) of a 16-bit ADC is 0.000152588 V, and the DMB of a 24-bit ADC is 5.96⋅10 -7In, the use of a 16-bit ADC allows measuring voltage and, accordingly, the displacement value in a range of at least three decades (0.01÷10.0 V) with an error of no more than ±0.1%, which corresponds to a displacement measurement error of no more than ±0.1 mm in a displacement measurement range of ±(0÷100) mm. The use of a 24-bit ADC allows measuring voltage and, accordingly, the displacement value in a range of at least four decades (0.001÷10.0 V) with an error of no more than ±0.1%, which corresponds to a displacement measurement error of no more than ±0.01 mm in a displacement measurement range of ±(0÷100) mm. A consequence of expanding the range and increasing the accuracy of measuring the displacement value of the controlled equipment is expanding the ranges and increasing the accuracy of measuring the vibration velocity and vibration acceleration values.

[0045] The proposed equipment movement and vibration control system operates as follows.

[0046] The operating principle of the inductive sensor DPV 1 is based on the property of converting the rectilinear movement of the monitored object, to which it is mechanically connected, into an electrical signal. In normal operation, DPV 1 generates a differential AC voltage (Uout, V) at its output (measuring windings 3, connected in anti-series). The voltage (Uout, V) is determined by the expression

[0047]

[0048] where Uг is the value of the alternating current voltage generated by the PUG 11, V;

[0049] I1– the value of alternating current supplied to the circuit of excitation winding 2 of DPV 1 from the output of PUG 11, A;

[0050] fг – the value of the frequency of the alternating current voltage generated by PUG 11, Hz;

[0051] W1, W2, W3 – number of turns of excitation winding 2 and measuring windings 3 of DPV 1, respectively.

[0052] The displacement value (S, mm) is determined by the expression

[0053]

[0054] Vibration parameter values: vibration speed (S ' , mm / s) and vibration acceleration (S '' , mm / s 2 ) are defined by the expressions

[0055]

[0056] where dS is the displacement increment value, mm;

[0057] dS ' – the value of the vibration velocity increment, mm / s;

[0058] dt – sampling step, s.

[0059] If the movable anchor 4 is located exactly in the center of the DPV 1 (zero position), then the differential voltage Uout = 0. If the movable anchor 4 is displaced relative to the zero position, then the symmetry of the magnetic field is distorted - a greater magnetic flux passes through one of the measuring windings 3 of the DPV 1, depending on the position of the anchor 4, than through the other measuring winding 3. In this case, the values ​​of Uout, as well as the values ​​of S, S ', S '', defined by expressions (1), (2), (3), (4) take on a positive or negative value (set at the stage of putting the proposed system into operation).

[0060] At the stage of work, before putting the proposed system into operation, the displacement and / or vibration velocity and / or vibration acceleration dependencies are standardized (calibrated, verified) as determined by expressions of the type (2), (3), (4) for all required operating modes of the WWER reactor plant, taking into account external influencing factors. The accuracy characteristics of the DPV 1 sensors are standardized using reference measuring instruments (standard end gauges, vibration testing units, etc.). The output normalized signal (Uout norm) from DPV 1 is fed via analog communication line 19 to the input of PUMUP 15 for recording, amplifying, filtering, detecting, converting, and further transmitting the signal without signal loss from the output of PUMUP 15 via communication line 22 to the computing device 23 to calculate the displacement (Snorm) and / or vibration velocity (S ' norms) and / or vibration acceleration (S '' (normal).

[0061] Thus, for the DPV 1 sensors in the normal operating mode, well-defined standardized values ​​of Uout norm, Snorm, S are set ' normal, S '' norms defined by expressions (1), (2), (3), (4).

[0062] Diagnostics of the technical condition of the DPV 1 sensor before putting the proposed system into operation for normal operating modes is carried out by recording changes (increase / decrease) in the voltage at the output of the DPV 1 sensor and calculating the magnitude of changes (increase / decrease) in the readings of the proposed system during short-term periodic exposure of the DPV 1 to certain external factors.

[0063] For DPV 1, as a diagnostic external additional factor for checking the integrity of windings 2, 3 of DPV 1, it is preferable to use a short-term electrical action on command from the output of the computing device 23 via communication line 22 to the input of the PUMD 12, and from the output of the PUMD 12 via communication line 16 to the input of the IPN 13, by feeding a current signal (I2, A) from the output of the IPN 13 to the current-setting circuit of the excitation winding 2 of DPV 1 via analog communication line 20.

[0064] The normalized value of Uout corresponds to the normalized value of voltage change under electrical influence:

[0065]

[0066] where Uipn is the value of the alternating current voltage generated by the IPN 13, V;

[0067] I2– the value of alternating current supplied to the circuit of excitation winding 2 of DPV 1 from the output of IPN 13, A;

[0068] fипн = fг – the value of the frequency of the alternating current voltage generated by IPN 13, Hz.

[0069] Therefore, for the normalized value ∆Uout el norm, we obtain normalized changes in the values ​​∆Snorm el, ∆S ' normal el, ∆S '' normal el.

[0070] When the short-term “diagnostic” electrical impact on DPV 1 is removed, the system continues to function in normal mode.

[0071] For the DPV sensor 1, as a diagnostic external additional factor for checking the “sticking” of the anchor 4 of the DPV 1, it is preferable to apply a short-term mechanical action on the DPV 1 by a command from the output of the computing 23 via the communication line 22 to the input of the PUMD 12, and from the output of the PUMD 12 via the communication line 17 to the input of the IPT 14, by supplying direct current (I3, A) from the output of the IPT 14 via the analog communication line 21 to the winding 8 of the SMV 6 and mechanically moving the housing of the DPV 1 with the measuring windings 3 relative to the anchor 4 of the inductive sensor DPV 1.

[0072] The normalized value of Uout corresponds to the normalized value of voltage change under mechanical impact:

[0073]

[0074] where I3 is the value of direct current supplied to the circuit of winding 8 of the CMW 6 from the output of the IPT 14, A;

[0075] τ – duration of exposure of direct current to winding 8 of the CMW 6 from the output of the IPT 14, s.

[0076] Therefore, for the normalized value ∆Uout mech norms, we obtain normalized changes in the values ​​∆Smech norms, ∆S ' fur norms, ∆S '' the fur is normal.

[0077] When the short-term “diagnostic” mechanical impact on DPV 1 is removed, the system continues to function in normal mode.

[0078] Diagnostics of the technical condition of the DPV 1 sensors during operation of the proposed displacement and vibration monitoring system for all normal operating modes is based on recording the values ​​of changes (increase / decrease) in the potentials ∆Uout el meas, ∆Uout mech meas, taken from the output of the DPV 1, calculating the corresponding operational values ​​of displacement changes ∆Sel meas; ∆Smech meas and / or vibration velocity ∆S ' el meas; ∆S ' Mechanism of change and / or vibration acceleration ∆S '' el meas; ∆S '' mechanism of measurement and comparison of the data obtained during the operation of the proposed system with the standardized values ​​obtained before the start of operation of the proposed system.

[0079] Since the calculation of the final quantities S and / or S ' and / or S '' in the normal operating mode of the system, as well as changes in the values ​​of ∆S and / or ∆S ' and / or ∆S ''in the process of diagnosing the technical condition of the DPV 1 is carried out in the computing device 23 taking into account the potential taken from the output of the DPV 1, transmitted via analog 19 communication to the input of the PUMUP 15, and from the outputs of the PUMUP 15 via communication line 22 to the computing device 23, then it can be concluded that based on the technical condition (operability) of the DPV 1 sensor, diagnostics of the operability of the proposed system as a whole is constructed.

[0080] The system as a whole is considered to be operational - it retains its original precision characteristics if the conditions are met

[0081] | ∆Sel meas. - ∆Sel norm. | ≤ ±σ1;

[0082] | ∆S ' el meas - ∆S ' el norm | ≤ ±σ2;

[0083] | ∆S '' el meas - ∆S '' el norm | ≤ ±σ3;

[0084] | ∆Smech meas. - ∆Smech norm. | ≤ ±σ4;

[0085] | ∆S ' mech. meas. - ∆S ' fur norms | ≤ ±σ5;

[0086] | ∆S '' mech. meas. - ∆S '' fur norms | ≤ ±σ6,

[0087] where σ 1, σ 2, σ 3, σ 4, σ 5, σ6 - statistically significant values ​​of measurement error ∆Sel meas, ∆S ' el meas., ∆S '' el meas., ∆S meas., ∆S ' mech. meas., ∆S '' mech. mech., respectively. The values ​​of σ 1, σ 2, σ 3, σ 4, σ 5, σ6 are determined based on the results of multiple measurements of ∆Sel norm, ∆S ' el norm, ∆S '' el norms, ∆Smech norms, ∆S ' fur norms, ∆S '' fur norms, respectively, at the testing stage or at the initial stage before putting the system into operation.

[0088] Thus, the technical solutions included in the proposed system for organizing operational diagnostics of the technical condition of the DPV 1 sensor, as well as technical solutions for optimizing the system structure, made it possible to achieve the following results:

[0089] 1) improve the reliability of the results of measuring the movements and vibrations of equipment due to:

[0090] - introduction of electrical impact devices (IPN 13, winding 2) and mechanical impact devices (IPT 14 and SMV 6) to the DPV sensor 1 to ensure its prompt diagnostics;

[0091] - application as a device for controlling the operation of the computing device 23 system;

[0092] 2) improve the accuracy of measuring equipment movements and vibrations by:

[0093] - optimization of the structure and ensuring noise immunity of the system;

[0094] - using a unit 10 of converter modules with a digital output signal as a device for recording and converting electrical signals of the DPV sensor 1, which made it possible to combine individual devices PUG 11, PUMD 12, IPN 13, IPT 14, PUMUP 15 into an independent design, thereby ensuring the autonomy of unit 10, allowing unit 10 to be placed in close proximity to the exit of sealed penetration 25 from the protective containment 24 of the WWER reactor plant, which made it possible to reduce the length of analog communication lines 18, 19, 20, 21, and due to this, to reduce the attenuation of signals transmitted from PUG 11, IPN 13, IPT 14 to DPV 1, and also made it possible to reduce the attenuation of signals transmitted from the DPV sensor 1 to the inputs of PUMUP 15;

[0095] - application in PUMUP 15 of a multi-bit analog-to-digital converter ADC;

[0096] - replacement of long analog cable communication lines with combined communication lines consisting of significantly (by several times) shortened analog cable communication lines 18, 19, 20, 21, as well as a digital communication line 22, preferably made of fiber optic cable, in which there is no attenuation of signals, which allows signals to be transmitted over long lines without distortion from the digital output of block 10 to the input of computing device 23, which significantly affects the reduction of the error in calculating the values ​​of displacements and vibrations of equipment;

[0097] - application of shielding of analog cable communication lines 18, 19, 20, 21;

[0098] - application of analog cable communication lines 18, 19, 20, 21, made of twisted pair cable;

[0099] - conducting periodic automatic and / or manual monitoring of the integrity / non-integrity of the initial technical characteristics of the system obtained at the stage of putting the system into operation, excluding the operation of the system in the presence of deviations of the accuracy parameters from the permissible limits.

[0100] Such organization of the structural elements of the proposed system and their connections to each other, including detachable connections 9, increases the sensitivity of the system to monitoring small values ​​of movements and vibrations of the monitored equipment, improves manufacturability during installation / dismantling of analog cable lines 18, 19, 20, 21 communication and digital line 22 communication, and also significantly reduces the cost of the system as a whole due to the use of a smaller amount of expensive cable products for the manufacture of analog cable lines 18, 19, 20, 21 communication.

[0101] The consequence of such achieved technical results, such as increased reliability and accuracy of measuring the values ​​of displacements and vibrations of the controlled equipment of the reactor plant (reactor installation), improved manufacturability during installation / dismantling of cable communication lines, reduced costs for long analog cable communication lines, is an increase in the safety of the reactor installation operation.

[0102] An example of the implementation of the proposed system for controlling movements and vibrations.

[0103] The proposed technical solution was implemented in the linear displacement control system of hydraulic shock absorbers (LDCS) and in the vibration control system (VCS) of the WWER reactor plant. According to the measurements, it was established that with the use of a 24-bit ADC in the PUMUP 15, the dynamic range of displacement measurement was at least 4 orders of magnitude, the reduced measurement error of displacement values ​​was no more than ± 0.1% in the displacement measurement range of ± (0 ÷ 100) mm; the vibration velocity measurement range was from 10 1 mm / s up to 10 3 mm / s (sampling step 10 -3 c), the measurement range of vibration acceleration values ​​is from 10 5 mm / s 2 up to 10 7 mm / s 2 (sampling step 10 -4 c) in the range of vibration displacements from 10 µm to 1000 µm.

[0104] The implementation of the proposed technical solution enables reliable monitoring of equipment movements and vibrations. The obtained results in terms of movement measurement accuracy exceed the requirements for VVER reactor plant equipment movement accuracy by an order of magnitude.

[0105] The technical feasibility of the proposed system is substantiated by positive results of calculations and experiments.

[0106] The proposed technical solution provides an expansion of the measurement range of the displacement and vibration of equipment, as well as an increase in the reliability and accuracy of measuring the displacement and vibration of equipment, and allows for the simultaneous measurement of displacement, vibration velocity, and vibration acceleration of the monitored equipment.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring the movements and vibrations of equipment, comprising a measuring device, a device for recording and converting signals, and a computing device (CD), connected to each other, characterized in that the measuring device includes a displacement and vibration sensor (DVS), which has a means for diagnosing the technical condition, including a means for electrical action and a means for mechanical action, the device for recording and converting signals has a block of converter modules, including a software-controlled generator (SCG), a software-controlled diagnostic module (SCDM), a software-controlled amplifier-converter module (SCAM), an alternating voltage source (AVS), and a direct current source (DCS), wherein the SCAM is connected by its terminals via electrical communication lines to the SCG and to the CD,The PUMD is connected by some of its terminals via electrical communication lines through the IPN and IPT with the technical condition diagnostic tool, and by its other terminal it is connected by an electrical communication line to the VU, the PUMUP is connected by its terminals via electrical communication lines to the DPV and to the VU.

2. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the means of electrical action includes an excitation winding of the DPV, connected by an electrical communication line to the IPN.

3. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the mechanical action means includes an anchor and an excitation winding connected by an electrical communication line to the IPT.

4. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrical communication lines connecting the PUG with the DPV, the PUMD with the means for diagnosing the technical condition, and the PUMUP with the DPV are analog cable communication lines.

5. The system according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the analog cable communication lines are shielded.

6. The system according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the analog cable communication lines are made of twisted pair cable.

7. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrical communication lines connecting the PUG, PUMD and PUMUP with the VU represent an information digital communication line.

8. The system according to paragraph 7, characterized in that the digital information communication line is made in the form of a fiber-optic cable or in the form of a shielded twisted pair cable.

9. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrical communication lines connect the block of converter modules with the DPV using the contacts of the hermetic penetration, wherein the DPV is located on the controlled equipment in a protective hermetic shell, and the block of converter modules is located in the immediate vicinity of the exit of the hermetic penetration from the hermetic shell.

10. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrical communication lines have detachable connections located in a protective hermetic shell.

11. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the PUMUP is made on the basis of a multi-bit analog-to-digital converter.

Images