Hydraulic torque loader for testing gears and gearboxes in a closed circuit

Abstract

FIELD: testing equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for creating torque in closed power circuits during testing of gear transmissions and reducers. The loader comprises a cylinder-piston pair, the cylinder of which is fixed on the first loaded shaft and is equipped with internal guides that prevent the piston from turning. The piston forms a cavity above the piston in the cylinder and serves as a nut for a non-self-locking screw transmission. The screw is connected to the second loaded shaft, which is connected to the cylinder body via a thrust bearing. The working medium is supplied to the first above-piston cavity through the axial drilling of the first shaft and the first sealing block. The loader is equipped with an additional sealing unit on the second shaft and a second cylinder-piston pair inside the cylinder of the first pair. The end of the screw forms a second above-piston cavity, connected to an additional pipeline through an axial hole in the second shaft and an additional sealing unit.EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities by providing alternating twisting of shafts in forward and reverse rotation with closure of axial forces inside the housing.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The claimed “Hydraulic torque loader for testing gears and gearboxes in a closed loop” can be used for testing gears and gearboxes in a closed loop (abbreviated as “torque loader” or “loader”) and relates to the mechanical engineering industry, primarily to gearbox engineering in various fields of technology.

[0002] Devices for testing gearboxes in a closed power circuit are well known, for example - [1], [2].

[0003] A torque loader [3] is known, comprising a housing and a piston, which forms with the housing a sub-piston and an above-piston cavity, connected to a hydraulic system, wherein the piston is made hollow and is connected to the housing by guides, which prevent the piston from turning inside the housing; inside the hollow piston there are loaded shafts connected to the piston through screw non-self-locking pairs with opposite thread directions.

[0004] The specified design of the loader has a drawback, which consists in the fact that in the process of twisting the loaded shafts, which is associated with the transformation of the translational force movement of the piston into the rotational movement of one loaded shaft relative to another, which determines the need for the design of the loader to have highly loaded support bearings rotating at the rotation frequency of the tested twisted shafts and absorbing significant axial forces, preventing their transmission to the shaft system of the tested gearbox.

[0005] Also known are a hydraulic torque loader for testing gear transmissions and reducers in a closed circuit [4], as well as a hydraulic torque loader [5], which is a development of the torque loader [4] and is the closest in technical essence to the claimed one, containing a cylinder-piston pair, the cylinder of which is fixed on the first of the loaded shafts and has guides on its inner surface that exclude the possibility of turning the piston, located inside the cylinder and forming in the cylinder an above-piston cavity of the cylinder-piston pair, also containing a non-self-locking screw-nut transmission, the nut of which is the piston of the cylinder-piston pair, and the screw of which is connected to the second of the loaded shafts, connected to the body of the hydraulic cylinder through a thrust bearing, wherein the connection of the above-piston cavity of the cylinder-piston pair with the pipeline of the hydraulic medium is made by means of axial drilling of the first shaft,to which the hydraulic medium is supplied through a radial opening in the shaft, located in a sealing block made in the form of counter-mounted end seals located in a single housing, to which the hydraulic medium pipeline is connected.

[0006] The disadvantage of the most similar in design torque loader [5] is the lack of the possibility of multidirectional (alternating) twisting of the test shafts when testing gearboxes in the modes of direct and reverse direction of rotation of their shafts.

[0007] The purpose of the claimed invention is to expand the functional capabilities of the loader, namely, to ensure the possibility of multidirectional (alternating) twisting of the test shafts by the loader when testing gearboxes in forward and reverse rotation modes.

[0008] The stated objective is achieved in that in a known hydraulic torque loader for testing gear transmissions and reducers in a closed circuit, containing a cylinder-piston pair, the cylinder of which is secured on the first of the loaded shafts and has guides on its inner surface that prevent the possibility of turning the piston, located inside the cylinder and forming an above-piston cavity in it, also containing a non-self-locking screw-nut transmission, the nut of which is the said piston, and the screw is connected to the second of the loaded shafts, connected to the cylinder body through a thrust bearing, wherein the above-piston cavity is connected to the pipeline of the hydraulic medium by means of axial drilling of the first shaft, to which the hydraulic medium is supplied through a radial hole in the shaft, located in a sealing block made in the form of counter-mounted end seals located in a single housing,to which the hydraulic medium pipeline is connected, according to the invention, the loader is provided with an additional sealing block located on the second of the loaded shafts, and a second cylinder-piston pair located inside the cylinder of the first cylinder-piston pair, wherein the end of the screw of the non-self-locking screw transmission forms an above-piston cavity of the second cylinder-piston pair, wherein the second above-piston cavity is connected to the additional hydraulic medium pipeline by means of axial drilling of the second of the loaded shafts with an outlet into the second radial hole located in the additional sealing block, to which the hydraulic medium pipeline is connected.

[0009] The proposed hydraulic torque loader for testing gears and reducers in a closed loop is shown in Fig. 1.

[0010] The loader comprises a cylinder-piston pair "1-2" with a cylinder 1 and a piston 2, the cylinder 1 of which is secured on the first of the loaded shafts 3 and has guides 4 on its inner surface that prevent the piston 2 from turning, located inside the cylinder 1 and forming an above-piston cavity 5 in it, also containing a non-self-locking screw-nut transmission "screw-nut" 6, the nut of which is the said piston 2 of the cylinder-piston pair "1-2", and the screw 7 of which is connected to the second of the loaded shafts 8, connected to the body of the cylinder 1 through a thrust bearing 9, while the above-piston cavity 5 of the cylinder-piston pair "1-2" is connected to the pipeline 10 of the hydraulic medium by means of axial drilling 11 of the first shaft 3, to which the hydraulic medium is supplied through a radial hole 12 shaft 3, located in the sealing block 13, made in the form of counter-mounted end seals 14 and 15, located in a single housing 16,to which the hydraulic medium pipeline 10 is connected,

[0011] According to the invention, the loader is provided with an additional sealing block 17, located on the second of the loaded shafts 8, and a second cylinder-piston pair "18-19", located inside the cylinder 1 of the first cylinder-piston pair "1-2", wherein the end of the screw 7 of the non-self-locking screw transmission "screw-nut" 6 forms an above-piston cavity 20 of the second cylinder-piston pair 18-19, wherein the above-piston cavity 20 of the second cylinder-piston pair "18-19" is connected to the pipeline 21 of the hydraulic medium by means of axial drilling 22 of the second of the loaded shafts 8 with an outlet into the second radial hole 23, located in the additional sealing block 17, to which the pipeline 21 of the hydraulic medium is connected.

[0012] The operation of the claimed loader is as follows.

[0013] When a hydraulic medium with pressure P1 is supplied to pipeline 10, the medium approaches radial opening 12 of shaft 3, being held in a closed space between oppositely mounted end seals 14 and 15, located inside housing 16 of sealing block 13, and then, through axial drilling 11, is supplied to above-piston cavity 5.

[0014] The pressure P1 of the hydraulic medium in the above-piston cavity 5 creates a force under the action of which the piston 2 moves along the axis of the cylinder 1 along the guides 4, rotating the second of the loaded shafts 8 through a non-self-locking screw-and-nut transmission 7, which in this case twists in one direction (let's call it "positive") relative to the first of the loaded shafts 3, loading the test object - a gear transmission or a reducer, tested in a closed circuit (not shown in Fig. 1) - with a torque. The pressure P2 of the hydraulic medium in this case has a value close to atmospheric.

[0015] The axial forces that arise in this case are perceived by the thrust bearing 9, which operates in the rotation mode by the value of the shaft twist angle, are closed to the cylinder body 1 and are not transmitted to the test gear circuit.

[0016] If it is necessary to twist the loaded shafts in the opposite direction (let's call it "negative"), the second sealing block 17 introduced into the loader according to the invention, located on the second of the loaded shafts 8, and the second cylinder-piston pair "18-19" are used, namely, they supply pressure P2 to the input of the pipeline 21 of the working medium, which through the radial hole 23 and axial drilling 22 is fed into the above-piston cavity 20 of the cylinder-piston pair "18-19" and, rotating through the non-self-locking screw transmission "screw-nut" 7 the first of the loaded shafts 3, which in this case is twisted in the opposite direction (let's call it "negative") relative to the second of the loaded shafts 8, loading the test object - a gear transmission or a reducer, tested in a closed circuit (not shown in Fig. 1) with a moment. The pressure P1 of the hydraulic environment has a value close to atmospheric.

[0017] Thus, the claimed invention provides for the expansion of the functional capabilities of a hydraulic torque loader for testing gear transmissions and gearboxes in a closed circuit, namely, the provision of the possibility of multidirectional (alternating) twisting of the test shafts by the loader when testing gearboxes in forward and reverse rotation modes.

[0018] 1. "Gearbox Test Rig". Invention, Russian Federation Patent No. 2521221 dated July 26, 2012. Authors: N.I. Bogatyrev, R.B. Goldman, N.S. Barakin, V.L. Likhachev, S.M. Morgun, S.V. Miroshnichenko. Published June 27, 2014.

[0019] 2. "Differential loader for a test rig with a mechanically closed loop." Patent for invention No. 2526224 dated March 15, 2013. Authors: Yu. M. Goreglyad, L. Yu. Galemina, S. Yu. Shvedova, A. V. Maryushin. Published August 20, 2014.

[0020] 3. "Hydraulic Loader." Invention, Author's Certificate No. 312167, USSR. Author A.D. Konovalov. Published August 19, 1971.

[0021] 4. "Hydraulic loader for testing gears and reducers in a closed circuit." Invention, Author's Certificate No. 111311, USSR. Author N.V. Skrabelinsky. Claimed on October 5, 1956, under No. 558919.

[0022] 5. "Hydraulic torque loader for testing gears and gearboxes in a closed loop." Russian Federation Patent for Invention No. 2734722, dated May 15, 2020. Authors: V.A. Gulyi, V.G. Ostrovsky.

Claims

A hydraulic torque loader for testing gear transmissions and reducers in a closed circuit, comprising a cylinder-piston pair, the cylinder of which is secured on the first of the loaded shafts and has guides on its inner surface that prevent the piston from turning, located inside the cylinder and forming an above-piston cavity in it, also containing a non-self-locking screw-nut transmission, the nut of which is the said piston, and the screw is connected to the second of the loaded shafts, connected to the cylinder body through a thrust bearing, wherein the above-piston cavity is connected to a hydraulic medium pipeline by means of axial drilling of the first shaft, to which the hydraulic medium is supplied through a radial hole in the shaft, located in a sealing block made in the form of counter-mounted end seals, located in a single housing, to which the hydraulic medium pipeline is connected, characterized in that,that the loader is provided with an additional sealing block located on the second of the loaded shafts, and a second cylinder-piston pair located inside the cylinder of the first cylinder-piston pair, wherein the end of the screw of the non-self-locking screw transmission forms an above-piston cavity of the second cylinder-piston pair, wherein the second above-piston cavity is connected to an additional pipeline of the hydraulic medium by means of axial drilling of the second of the loaded shafts with an outlet into a second radial hole located in the additional sealing block, to which the pipeline of the hydraulic medium is connected.

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