Modular system of adaptive explosion protection for industrial buildings

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention relates namely to explosion-proof facade systems for industrial buildings. A modular system for adaptive explosion protection of an industrial building, containing protective panels mounted on the supporting frame of the building. The system includes at least one protective panel made in the form of a multilayer composite containing successively arranged layers of fibre-reinforced concrete, aluminium honeycomb, aramid fibre, thermal insulation, and steel sheet. The panel is secured to the supporting frame using hybrid dampers, each of which contains a housing containing hydraulic fluid, a piston with throttle holes, and a pack of disc springs providing a nonlinear resistance characteristic, and a supporting spatial box made of closed profiles with a centred lattice and secured to the supporting columns of the building.EFFECT: increasing the reliability of protection of the building's supporting frame and eliminating pneumatic locking during system operation.6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

[0001] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0002] The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to explosion-proof facade systems for industrial buildings, and can be used to protect load-bearing structures (columns, beams, ceilings) from the effects of a shock wave during an explosion.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] Explosion-proof structures made from monolithic reinforced concrete walls are known. The disadvantages of such solutions include their high weight, difficulty in repairing after destruction, and the need to reinforce the foundation.

[0005] A blast-resistant curtain wall ventilated facade is known under patent RU 142251 U1. It comprises facade panels in the form of sandwich panels, the outer layers of which are made of laminated plastic, and the intermediate layer is made of aluminum honeycomb, arranged perpendicular to the panel plane. The panels are attached to supporting brackets containing damping elements (rubber inserts or springs).

[0006] A disadvantage of this solution is the unobstructed ventilation of the façade. During an explosive impact, hot combustion products penetrate through the ventilation gaps into the cavity between the panel and the building wall, causing excess pressure on the interior. This causes the panels to detach, creates additional shock loads on the supporting structures, and prevents the damping elements from operating properly. Therefore, the system does not ensure a tight seal around the thermal envelope, and its effectiveness under explosive loads is significantly reduced.

[0007] In addition, the known system lacks an active multi-stage system for damping the energy of a blast wave, and its ability to maintain the load-bearing frame of a building under significant loads is also limited.

[0008] A curtain-wall explosion-resistant panel is known under patent RU 234525 U1. The panel consists of a spatial supporting frame made of longitudinal and transverse perforated profiles filled with insulation and clad with profiled sheets with edges extending beyond the frame to form a lock. The design is designed to withstand blast wave pressures of up to 19 kPa. A drawback is the lack of damping elements and a system for relieving excess air pressure from the gap between the panel and the building, which, in more powerful explosions, could lead to a "piston effect" and failure of the fasteners.

[0009] The closest analogue (prototype) is the explosion-resistant façade according to patent RU 142251 U1, as it contains sandwich panels with a honeycomb core and damping elements. However, the prototype does not provide three-stage energy dissipation (panel - damper - box) and does not contain means to prevent pneumatic locking in the gap between the façade and the building frame. Furthermore, it is not airtight, which, in the event of an explosion, leads to the penetration of hot gases into internal cavities, reducing the effectiveness of the protection.

[0010] Disclosure of the essence of the invention

[0011] The technical problem solved by the invention is to create a modular adaptive explosion protection system that ensures the sequential extinction of explosion energy and eliminates pneumatic locking in the gap between the facade and the frame of the building.

[0012] The technical result is an increase in the reliability of protection of the building's supporting frame from explosive impacts due to three-stage energy absorption (by the panel, dampers and support box) and the elimination of the "piston effect" using petal valves integrated into flexible elements that close technological gaps.

[0013] The essence of the invention is that the modular system of adaptive explosion protection of industrial buildings contains:

[0014] • a protective panel (4) made in the form of a multilayer composite, including a layer of fiber concrete (19), a layer of aluminum honeycombs (20), a layer of aramid fiber (21), thermal insulation (22) and a steel sheet (23), sequentially located from the outside inward, wherein the panel is equipped with Z-shaped locks (24) along the perimeter, in which a dilatant seal (25) is placed, hardening upon impact;

[0015] • a hybrid damper (3) comprising a sealed housing (13) with hydraulic fluid (14), a rod (15) with a piston (16) having throttle holes (17), and a pack of disc springs (18) assembled in sequential groups with a variable number of parallel springs, providing a progressive stiffness characteristic, wherein the damper is made with spherical hinges (12) at both ends to compensate for distortions;

[0016] • a supporting spatial box (1) made from closed profiles - square pipes (5) with a centered lattice containing posts (6), diagonals (7), internal diaphragms (8) in the damper attachment zones and nodal plates (9) at the intersections of the elements, with the box secured to the supporting columns (2) of the building;

[0017] • flexible elements (30) that close the gap between the protective panels and the building, located in the upper, lower and corner zones of the facade, as well as in openings for windows and gates, wherein each flexible element is made in the form of a three-layer compensator containing an outer layer of aramid fabric with a silicone coating (26), a middle layer of aerogel (27) and an inner layer of aramid fabric (28);

[0018] • petal valves (29) integrated into flexible elements located at the top of the facade and on the sides at a height that is safe for people, made in the form of a housing with spring-loaded petals installed with the possibility of one-way air passage from the gap between the panel and the box outward when the panel is compressed and from the atmosphere into the gap when it returns.

[0019] Brief description of drawings

[0020] The figures show:

[0021] Fig. 1 - general view of the facade system (side view);

[0022] Fig. 2 - section of the protective panel;

[0023] Fig. 3 - longitudinal section of the hybrid damper;

[0024] Fig. 4 - isometric view of the support box;

[0025] Fig. 5 - section of a flexible element with a petal valve (enlarged fragment).

[0026] Implementation of the invention

[0027] When an explosive impact occurs (e.g., a 500 kg TNT equivalent explosion at a distance of 30 m from the building), the shock wave impacts the protective panel (4) (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). In the first stage of energy absorption, the outer layer of fiber-reinforced concrete (19) breaks the shock wave, the aluminum honeycomb (20) is crushed, absorbing a significant portion of the energy, and the aramid fiber layer (21) holds the fragments, preventing them from penetrating into the gap. Thermal insulation (22) and the inner steel sheet (23) provide airtightness and thermal protection.

[0028] Residual energy is transferred to the hybrid dampers (3). When the rod (15) moves, the piston (16) compresses the disc spring pack (18), and hydraulic fluid (14) flows through the orifices (17), creating viscous resistance. Thanks to the progressive characteristic of the spring pack, the force increases smoothly, allowing the panel to stop within the working stroke (e.g., 150 mm) without a harsh impact. Spherical joints (12) at both ends of the damper compensate for possible distortions, ensuring compression / extension only operation.

[0029] As the panel begins to move, air pressure in the gap between the panel and the support box (1) increases sharply. Reed valves (29), integrated into the flexible elements (30) of the upper and side zones, open automatically, releasing excess pressure outward (Fig. 5, arrow). This prevents the "piston effect" and ensures free movement of the dampers.

[0030] After the spring pulse (18) is complete, it returns the rod and panel to their original position. This creates a vacuum in the gap, and the reed valves open in the opposite direction, admitting air from the atmosphere (reverse arrow in Fig. 5). This eliminates vacuum locking and allows the panel to return to its original position without delay.

[0031] The supporting spatial box (1) (Fig. 4), made of closed profiles (5) with a centered lattice (6, 7), internal diaphragms (8) and nodal linings (9), absorbs residual forces from the dampers and transfers them to the supporting columns (2), completely unloading the building purlins and preventing progressive collapse.

[0032] Due to the modular design, damaged panels and dampers can be replaced after an explosive impact without losing the load-bearing capacity of the frame, which ensures high maintainability and survivability of the system.

[0033] Example of specific implementation

[0034] The system is constructed using 100×100×8 mm square steel tubes for the box chords and 80×80×6 mm for the uprights and diagonals (C345 steel). The protective panel has dimensions of 1250×1500 mm, a total thickness of 290 mm, and a weight of 440 kg. The hybrid damper contains 240 disc springs (No. 889 according to GOST 3057-90), providing a force of 50 kN with a stroke of 150 mm. The flexible elements are made of silicone-coated aramid fabric (outer layer), aerogel mats (middle layer), and aramid fabric (inner layer). The petal valves have a flow section of 300x300 mm, installed in the upper zone of the facade with a step of 2.5 m and on the side sections at a height of at least 2 m.

[0035] The system is designed for a reflected pressure of 200-250 kPa, which corresponds to the explosion of 500 kg of TNT at a distance of 30 m. Verification calculations have shown that the stresses in the supporting columns do not exceed 285 MPa, with a permissible 315 MPa, and all bolted and welded joints have a multiple safety factor.

[0036] Available for industrial application

[0037] The invention can be implemented using standard rolled sections, sheet materials, and commercially available components. The manufacturing technology (welding, assembly, painting) complies with generally accepted building codes and can be implemented at any metalworking facility. The system is applicable for protecting new and reconstructed industrial buildings, energy facilities, logistics centers, and other structures requiring enhanced explosion safety.

Claims

1. A modular system for adaptive explosion protection of an industrial building, comprising protective panels mounted on a supporting frame of the building, characterized in that the system includes at least one protective panel made in the form of a multilayer composite containing successively arranged layers of fiber-reinforced concrete, aluminum honeycomb, aramid fiber, thermal insulation and a steel sheet, wherein the panel is secured to the supporting frame using hybrid dampers, each of which contains a housing with hydraulic fluid, a piston with throttle holes and a pack of disc springs providing a nonlinear resistance characteristic, and a supporting spatial box made of closed profiles with a centered lattice and secured to the supporting columns of the building.

2. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the protective panel is made with Z-shaped locks, filled along the perimeter with a dilatant sealant that hardens upon impact.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hybrid damper contains a package of disc springs assembled in sequential groups with a variable number of parallel springs in the group, providing a progressive increase in rigidity.

4. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that flexible elements are installed in the gap between the protective panels and the building, covering the upper, lower and corner zones of the facade, as well as openings for windows and gates, wherein each flexible element is made in the form of a three-layer compensator containing an outer layer of aramid fabric with a silicone coating, a middle layer of aerogel and an inner layer of aramid fabric.

5. The system according to paragraph 4, characterized in that petal valves are integrated into the flexible elements, located in the upper part of the facade and on the sides at a height that is safe for people, designed with the possibility of one-way passage of air from the gap between the panel and the box to the outside when the panel is compressed and from the atmosphere into the gap when the panel is returned.

6. The system according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the supporting spatial box is made of square pipes with internal diaphragms in the damper attachment areas and nodal plates at the intersections of the grating.

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