Film layer

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for mechanizing the process of laying mulching film during the cultivation of vegetable, berry and melon crops. The film layer comprises a frame (1) with a reel (5) with film attached to it, a film-laying element and working elements with levelling shields (10) that seal the edges of the film. A furrow former (2) is mounted in front of the frame configured to adjust the inner furrow angle in the range from 0 to 60°. A mounted attachment (3) and a saddle (4) for the operator are installed on the frame. The film reel is mounted on a shaft on two supports attached to the frame. The film-laying element is made in the form of a rolling roller (6) and a tension roller (8), fixed to a frame. Also attached to the frame are a pressure plate (7), edge-sealing working elements, which are made in the form of a pair of spherical disks (9) configured to adjust the angle of attack in the range from 0 to 90°. The levelling shields are mounted on the frame using brackets and are made in the form of two plates, which can adjust the distance between them using a threaded mechanism. The film layer has pressure limiters (11) mounted on the shaft of the film reel, a marker (12) for marking the row spacing, located on the frame and made in the form of a rod configured to adjust the working length with a flat disk fixed at the end, a marker (13) for perforating the film, mounted on the frame and made in the form of a rod on which a removable wheel is attached, whereby, depending on the diameter of the removable wheel, a differentiated change in the planting step is ensured.EFFECT: improved the quality of laying mulching film.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to agricultural engineering, namely to devices for mechanizing the process of laying mulching film when cultivating vegetable, berry and melon crops in an open ground system.

[0002] Author's patent SU 1561836 A1 (07.05.1990) "Machine for laying mulching film" is known, containing a frame on which furrow formers in the form of disks, a rolling roller, a film spreader, pressure rollers and covering rollers are installed in a given technological sequence, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of laying the film, the furrow former disks are made corrugated and placed at the ends of the rolling roller.

[0003] The disadvantage of this patent is the insufficient quality of the groove opening for laying the film material.

[0004] Also known is the author's patent SU 1773338 A1 (07.11.1992) "Film spreader", containing film-spreading sections fixed to the frame of the seeder by means of parallelogram hinges, each of which contains a reel with film and disc harrows with safety shields, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and prevent clogging of the working parts with soil, the inner surface of each safety shield is made curvilinear with a concavity directed towards the longitudinal axis of the unit, the radius of curvature in the working section is determined by calculations.

[0005] The disadvantage of this patent is lower productivity due to insufficiently complete and high-quality opening of the furrow for laying the film material.

[0006] Also known is patent RU 2829590 C1 (01.11.2024) "Module for laying mulching film", containing sequentially placed on a frame rake elements, a leveling board, a device for laying an irrigation line, a device for spreading the film, rolling wheels, leveling elements and a perforator, characterized in that it additionally contains a base with eyes, rocker arms and a linear drive with hinged assemblies, while the perforator is formed by two cylindrical drums with hubs mounted on a hexagonal shaft with bearing supports and moving along the shaft with the help of a servo drive and a lever mechanism, while the lever mechanism is presented in the form of three hingedly connected levers, sequentially located one after the other, while the lifting of the cylindrical drums is performed from a linear drive pivotally connected to a lever rigidly fixed on the hexagonal shaft with one sides,In this case, the spring-loaded perforating elements are extended using a cam mechanism from a stepper motor and can provide perforation with different pitches, while angle sensors are mounted on the hubs.

[0007] The disadvantage of this invention is the insufficient quality of opening the furrow for laying the mulching film.

[0008] The patent RU 187437 U1 (06.03.2019) “Film spreader for laying out film on a ridge during ridge planting of potatoes” was adopted as a prototype, containing a frame with a reel with film fixed to it, a film-spreading element with a tension roller and working elements with leveling shields that seal the edges of the film, characterized in that the film-spreading element is installed with the possibility of adjusting the height.

[0009] The disadvantage of this patent is the lack of film perforation capability and low productivity due to insufficient furrow opening.

[0010] The technical result is to improve the quality of laying mulching film by improving the opening of the furrow for laying the film, as well as the possibility of perforating the film with adjustment of the planting pitch.

[0011] The technical result is achieved in that a film spreader comprising a frame with a film reel fixed thereto, a film-spreading element and working elements with leveling shields that seal the edges of the film, according to the claimed invention, comprises a furrow former fixed in front of the frame with the possibility of adjusting the inner angle of the furrow in the range from 0 to 60°, a hinged device mounted on the frame, a saddle for the operator mounted on supports fixed to the frame, wherein the film reel is mounted on a shaft on two supports fixed to the frame, the film-spreading element is made in the form of a pressing roller and a tension roller fixed to the frame, a pressure plate is also fixed to the frame, working elements that seal the edges are made in the form of a pair of spherical disks that have the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack in the range from 0° to 90°, and the leveling shields are mounted on the frame using brackets and made in the form of two plates,having the ability to adjust the distance between them by means of a threaded mechanism, wherein the film layer has clamping stops mounted on the shaft of the film reel, a marker for marking the inter-row spacing, located on the frame and made in the form of a rod with the ability to adjust the working length with a flat disk fixed at the end, a marker for perforating the film, mounted on the frame and made in the form of a rod on which a removable wheel is attached, wherein, depending on the diameter of the removable wheel, a differentiated change in the planting pitch is ensured.

[0012] The essence of the invention is explained by the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a film layer, top view.

[0013] The film spreader comprises a frame 1, in front of which a furrow former 2 is fixed, which has the ability to adjust the internal angle β of the furrow. Mounted on the frame are a mounted device 3, a saddle 4 for the operator, a reel 5 with film on a shaft on two supports, a pressing roller 6 with a pressure plate 7, a tension roller 8, sealing spherical disks 9 with a variable angle of attack α, leveling shields 10, a marker 12 for marking inter-row spacing, a marker 13 for perforating the film, while there are pressure limiters 11 for fixing the reel 5 with film.

[0014] The device operates as follows: when the unit moves, the furrow former 2 opens a furrow in front of itself, into which the film, unrolled from the reel 5, is laid using the tension roller 8 and the pressing roller 6, while the pressure plate 7 prevents soil from sticking to the pressing roller 6. The mulching film is embedded in soil using a pair of spherical disks 9. The extent of the film's embedding with soil is adjusted by varying the angle α of attack of the spherical disks 9 in the range from 0° to 90°, as well as by varying the distance between the leveling shields 10 using a threaded mechanism. The film is perforated by the marker 13 for perforating the film through its plane-parallel movement along the film line, where the planting pitch or the distance between the holes will be equal to the length of the circle in the shape of the marker 13.The width of the applied mulching film material is controlled by selecting the width of the film reel 5, with film stops 11 on the reel 5 ensuring the film remains stable during unwinding. Furrow width can be adjusted by varying the angle β of the furrow former 2, up to 60°. The distance between rows is adjusted by varying the working length of the row spacing marker 12. The operator, positioned on seat 4 during operation, monitors the film unwinding process.

[0015] This device will ensure high-quality opening of the furrow for laying mulching film, with the ability to differentiate the width of the furrow, as well as perforation of the film for seedlings or seed material with the ability to adjust the planting pitch.

Claims

A film spreader comprising a frame with a film reel secured thereto, a film-spreading element and working members with leveling shields for sealing the edges of the film, characterized in that it comprises a furrow former secured in front of the frame with the ability to adjust the inner angle of the furrow in the range from 0 to 60°, a mounted device installed on the frame, a saddle for the operator mounted on supports secured to the frame, wherein the film reel is mounted on a shaft on two supports secured to the frame, the film-spreading element is made in the form of a pressing roller and a tension roller secured to the frame, a pressure plate is also secured to the frame, working members sealing the edges are made in the form of a pair of spherical disks having the ability to adjust the angle of attack in the range from 0 to 90°, and the leveling shields are mounted on the frame using brackets and are made in the form of two plates,having the ability to adjust the distance between them by means of a threaded mechanism, wherein the film layer has clamping stops mounted on the shaft of the film reel, a marker for marking the inter-row spacing, located on the frame and made in the form of a rod with the ability to adjust the working length with a flat disk fixed at the end, a marker for perforating the film, mounted on the frame and made in the form of a rod on which a removable wheel is attached, wherein, depending on the diameter of the removable wheel, a differentiated change in the planting pitch is ensured.

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