Heat and sound insulation panel

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used as soundproofing and thermal insulation for various premises, in particular for framing window openings after installation of window units. The technical result achieved by implementing the claimed invention consists in increasing the sound insulation characteristics of the panel in a wide range of frequencies and simultaneously reducing thermal conductivity while maintaining a limited thickness of the structure, which is ensured by making the panel in the form of a multilayer structure with rigid surface layers and a central layer elastically connected to them, connected by means of a viscoelastic adhesive composition having a dynamic modulus of elasticity in the range of 0.1-10 MPa and providing vibration damping due to internal friction in the adhesive layer, as well as making layers with a given thickness ratio, while ensuring a reduction in the airborne noise level of at least 8 dB and a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.035 W / m⋅K.EFFECT: increasing the sound insulation characteristics of the panel.7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used as sound insulation and thermal insulation for various premises, in particular for framing window openings after installing window units.

[0002] A heat-insulating and sound-insulating sandwich panel is known from the prior art, comprising an insulating material in the form of a layer of polystyrene-based foam plastic, its outer and / or inner cladding in the form of an isolon layer made of foamed polymer material based on polyethylene, connected to each other by means of an adhesive layer, the insulating material is made in the form of a heat-insulating plate made of extruded polystyrene foam, wherein the thickness of the insulating layers - a layer of polystyrene foam and the cladding - a layer of isolon is selected from the ratios of 5:1-20:1, respectively, and the thickness of the adhesive layer is 5-30 μm (patent RU 93834, E04B 1 / 84, E04C 2 / 292, published 10.05.2010). The panel contains acrylic or silicone-based glue as an adhesive layer. The sandwich panel contains an outer protective cladding layer.

[0003] The disadvantages of the well-known sandwich panel include low manufacturing technology, in addition, there is insufficient adhesive strength of the connection of the sandwich panel elements.

[0004] A sandwich panel is known (patent RU 132037, B32B 27 / 00, published 10.09.2013). In accordance with the first embodiment, the sandwich panel contains two surface layers and a central layer of extruded polystyrene foam or foam plastic, the surface layers are made of monolithic or laminated plastic, while a uniform layer of glue is applied between the surface layers and the central layer, and the surface and central layers after applying the glue layer are pressed for from 1 minute to 24 hours by cold pressing under a pressure of 8 kg / cm 2. In accordance with the second embodiment, the sandwich panel contains two surface layers and a central layer made of extruded polystyrene foam or foam plastic, the surface layers are made of monolithic or laminated plastic, while on the surfaces of the central layer made of extruded polystyrene foam or foam plastic facing the surface layers, parallel V-shaped grooves in cross section are made in the longitudinal direction at equal distances relative to each other, a uniform layer of glue is applied between the surface layers and the central layer, and the surface and central layers after applying the glue layer are pressed for from 1 min to 24 hours by cold pressing under a pressure of 8 kg / cm 2 .

[0005] The disadvantage of the well-known panel is the complexity of the production process and the risk of delamination during long-term use due to insufficient adhesion between the materials of different layers.

[0006] A building panel is known that has a core with two sidewalls, at least one of which is coated. The core is formed by at least one layer made of foamed polymer material, and the coating is made of a material selected from the group consisting of paper, fiberglass, fabric, leatherette, plywood, polymer film, and foil (patent RU 78729, B32B 13 / 08, published 06.05.2008).

[0007] The main disadvantage of the well-known panel is its limited durability and insufficient resistance to external environmental factors due to the use of coatings with low wear resistance.

[0008] A known thermal insulation board consists of a layer of extruded polystyrene, an adhesive layer, and a panel. Magnesite board is used as a composite insulation board. The adhesive is a polyurethane adhesive (patent CN201351344Y, E04F 13 / 075, published November 25, 2009).

[0009] The disadvantages include low moisture resistance of magnesite panels, which leads to a loss of strength and stability of the structure.

[0010] A known thermal frame panel consists of two outer oriented strand boards and an inner layer of porous polymer material, fastened together with an adhesive composition, a groove for connecting elements is made along the perimeter of the panel, the groove is made axially symmetrically at the ends of the inner layer, the width and depth of the groove is 0.25 ÷ 0.50 of the layer thickness, the inner layer is made of polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam (patent RU 78503, E04H 1 / 02, published 11 / 27 / 2008).

[0011] The disadvantage of the panel is the lack of specialized soundproofing materials, which limits the ability of the panel to effectively suppress noise.

[0012] A sandwich-type structure for heat and sound insulation is known (patent ES1067149U, B32B 7 / 02, B32B 17 / 02, B32B 17 / 10, E04B 1 / 88, published on November 1, 2008). The structure includes a combination of a plurality of sheets of different materials that form a sandwich, so that the outer structure is formed by two sheets of medium or high density foamed polystyrene, of one type or another depending on the required strength, inside which a sheet is placed, preferably made of glass wool or polyester, thermally bonded or with the addition of adhesive to one or more elastomeric sheets of high-density rubber.

[0013] The disadvantage of the known design is instability and low durability when exposed to moisture, temperature changes and mechanical loads, due to the complex multi-level structure and sensitivity of the materials used to external conditions.

[0014] The technical result achieved by implementing the claimed invention consists in increasing the soundproofing characteristics of the panel in a wide range of frequencies and simultaneously reducing thermal conductivity while maintaining a limited thickness of the structure, which is ensured by making the panel in the form of a multilayer structure with rigid surface layers and a central layer elastically connected to them, connected by means of a viscoelastic adhesive composition having a dynamic modulus of elasticity in the range of 0.1-10 MPa and providing vibration damping due to internal friction in the adhesive layer, as well as making layers with a given thickness ratio, while ensuring a reduction in the airborne noise level of at least 8 dB and a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.035 W / m⋅K.

[0015] The specified technical result is achieved by a heat and sound insulating panel comprising a central heat-insulating layer located between two surface layers and a facing layer connected to one of the surface layers by an adhesive layer. The surface layers are made of gypsum fiber sheets with a density of 1000-1250 kg / m3. 3 , the central layer is made of extruded polystyrene foam with a density of 28-45 kg / m3 3 , the facing layer is made of a polymer material with a density of 25-35 kg / m3 3 , wherein the central layer is connected to the surface layers by means of an adhesive composition over the entire contact area, wherein the adhesive composition is made viscoelastic with a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 0.1-10 MPa, the ratio of the thickness of the central layer to the thickness of each of the surface layers is 3:1 - 6:1.

[0016] The adhesive composition is made on the basis of polyurethane, acrylic or silicone binder.

[0017] The thickness of each surface layer is 8-12mm, the thickness of the central layer is 10-25mm, the thickness of the facing layer is 1-5mm.

[0018] In the claimed invention, a quarter with a depth of 5-15 mm is made along at least one side of the panel.

[0019] The thermal conductivity coefficient of the panel is no more than 0.035 W / m⋅K.

[0020] The central layer is connected to the surface layers by means of an adhesive composition over the entire contact area, wherein the adhesive composition is viscoelastic and has a dynamic modulus of elasticity in the range of 0.1-10 MPa, which ensures the ability of the adhesive layer to dampen mechanical vibrations in the audio frequency range by dissipating deformation energy.

[0021] Fig. 1 shows a heat and sound insulating panel with a thickness of 32-42 mm in a side projection.

[0022] Fig. 2 shows a heat and sound insulating panel with a thickness of 32-42 mm from the end surface.

[0023] Fig. 3 shows a heat and sound insulating panel with a thickness of 19-29 mm in a side projection.

[0024] Fig. 4 shows a heat and sound insulating panel with a thickness of 19-29 mm from the end surface.

[0025] The panel contains a central layer (1) of extruded polystyrene foam with a density of 28-45 kg / m3 3 , surface layers of gypsum fiber sheets (2) with a density of 1000-1250 kg / m3 3 , a facing layer (4) made of polymeric material, in particular monolithic or laminated plastic with a density of 25-35 kg / m3 3 , adhesive composition (3).

[0026] The adhesive composition ensures the bonding of the layers and is selected based on acrylic or polyurethane compounds. It exhibits viscoelastic properties, characterized by the presence of elastic and viscous components of deformation, and has a dynamic modulus of elasticity in the range of 0.1-10 MPa, ensuring effective dissipation of sound vibration energy as it is transmitted through the panel. The presence of this adhesive composition converts mechanical vibration energy into thermal energy, reducing the amplitude of the transmitted vibrations.

[0027] The declared heat and sound insulation panel can be manufactured in an industrial setting using standard equipment for the production of multilayer building materials. The feasibility of implementing and achieving the stated technical result is confirmed by the following description of the design and manufacturing technology.

[0028] Examples of specific implementation are given below:

[0029] Example 1 Panel design (double-sided version).

[0030] The heat and sound insulating panel (see Fig. 1-2) is made multilayer and contains four main functional layers connected to each other over the entire contact area without the formation of air cavities.

[0031] The central thermal insulation layer (1) is made of extruded polystyrene foam boards. This material was chosen due to its closed-cell structure, which ensures virtually zero water absorption and dimensional stability. The material density is 28-45 kg / m3. 3 , and the thickness varies between 10-25 mm, depending on the desired final panel thickness. Using extruded polystyrene foam in the specified density range ensures the required rigidity of the central layer as an element of the "mass-spring-mass" system.

[0032] The surface layers (2) are made of gypsum fiber sheets (GFS). This material has a high density (mass), necessary for creating a sound-reflecting effect, and is non-flammable. The density of GFS is 1000-1250 kg / m3. 3 , and the thickness of each sheet is 8-12 mm. The surface layers are connected to the core layer on both sides.

[0033] The facing layer (4) is made of monolithic or laminated plastic (a high-molecular polymer-based compound) and is located on one side of the panel. This layer serves both decorative and protective functions. The plastic density is 25-35 kg / m3. 3 , and sheet thickness varies between 1-5 mm. The plastic can be dyed throughout, have a textured surface, or imitate various materials (wood, stone).

[0034] The connecting layer (3) is an adhesive composition. Acrylic or silicone-based adhesive is used to secure the layers. These compounds were chosen for their ability to maintain plasticity after polymerization, which is critical for vibration damping (ensuring the "mass-spring-mass" effect), as well as for their resistance to subzero temperatures and environmental safety. The adhesive layer thickness after setting is 5-30 µm. The adhesive is applied to the contact surfaces with a roller or spray, after which the layers are pressed together until fully polymerized to eliminate air inclusions.

[0035] Thickness ratio and general parameters:

[0036] The ratio of the thickness of the polystyrene foam layer (1) to the thickness of each gypsum fiber sheet (2) is 3:1 - 6:1.

[0037] The total thickness of the panel in double-sided design is 32-42 mm.

[0038] Along the long side of the panel, a quarter (rebate) with a depth of 5-15 mm is made, which ensures a tight fit of the panels to each other during installation and eliminates cold bridges.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] Panel design (single-sided version).

[0041] Depending on the installation requirements (e.g., for interior partition finishing or wall cladding), a panel with a total thickness of 19-29 mm can be implemented (see Figs. 3-4). In this version, the central thermal insulation layer (1) is bonded to a gypsum fiber surface layer (2) and a plastic facing layer (4) on only one side. This modification maintains the stated thermal and sound insulation properties by optimizing the layers, but has a lower weight and thickness.

[0042] Manufacturing and assembly technology.

[0043] Preparation of materials. Extruded polystyrene foam boards, gypsum fiber sheets, and plastic sheets are cut to size.

[0044] Adhesive application. The adhesive composition is applied in an even layer to the contact surface of the polystyrene foam and / or gypsum fiber board.

[0045] Package formation. Layers are laid in a strict sequence: facing plastic (4) - gypsum fiber board (2) - expanded polystyrene (1) - gypsum fiber board (2) (for double-sided version). Pressure is maintained to ensure even adhesive distribution and the absence of air pockets.

[0046] Edge milling: After gluing, a 5-15 mm deep rebate is formed along the long edge of the panel using a milling machine. Material is removed through the facing layer (4), adhesive layer (3), and surface layer (2) down to the central thermal insulation layer.

[0047] Quality control

[0048] Finished panels are checked for compliance with geometric parameters and the integrity of the layers.

[0049] The combination of dense gypsum fiber layers (mass), elastic-plastic adhesive, and a layer of extruded polystyrene foam (spring) creates a "mass-spring-mass" effect. This reduces airborne noise levels by at least 8 dB compared to a single-layer gypsum fiber sheet of the same area.

[0050] The thermophysical properties of the central layer made of extruded polystyrene foam ensure the final thermal conductivity of the panel is no more than 0.035 W / m⋅K, which confirms its high energy efficiency.

[0051] Thus, the described design with the specified ranges of material densities and their geometric parameters makes it possible to obtain a panel with improved soundproofing properties, low thermal conductivity and high strength characteristics, suitable for use as an interior finishing material for walls and partitions.

Claims

1. A heat and sound insulating panel comprising a central heat-insulating layer located between two surface layers and a facing layer connected to one of the surface layers by an adhesive layer, characterized in that the surface layers are made of gypsum fiber sheets with a density of 1000-1250 kg / m3. 3 , the central layer is made of extruded polystyrene foam with a density of 28-45 kg / m3 3 , the facing layer is made of a polymer material with a density of 25-35 kg / m3 3 , wherein the central layer is connected to the surface layers by means of an adhesive composition over the entire contact area, and the adhesive composition is made viscoelastic with a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 0.1-10 MPa, the ratio of the thickness of the central layer to the thickness of each of the surface layers is 3:1 - 6:

1.

2. The panel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the adhesive composition is made on the basis of a polyurethane, acrylic or silicone binder.

3. The panel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the thickness of each of the surface layers is 8-12 mm.

4. The panel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the thickness of the central layer is 10-25 mm.

5. The panel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the thickness of the facing layer is 1-5 mm.

6. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that along at least one side of the panel a quarter with a depth of 5-15 mm is made.

7. The panel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the thermal conductivity coefficient of the panel is no more than 0.035 W / m⋅K.

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