Method for determining and reducing impulse interference on electronic equipment when lightning strikes affect pipeline transport facility for oil and petroleum products

Abstract

FIELD: oil industry.SUBSTANCE: method for determining and reducing impulse noise on electronic equipment when exposed to lightning discharges on a pipeline transportation facility for oil and petroleum products includes carrying out an experimental assessment of the parameters of the electromagnetic environment, after which a reference cable is laid along the route of the existing cable outside the cable structures, a lightning discharge is simulated, and the current and voltage values on the existing and reference cables are measured using a pulse generator and an oscilloscope, and the attenuation coefficient of the impulse noise is determined. Then, the pulsed potential differences applied to the cable insulation and to the equipment input are determined. After which, the obtained values of pulse potential differences are compared with the established standard values, in case of exceeding the value of which the pulse interference is determined and its reduction is carried out.EFFECT: preventing the risk of failure and damage to electronic equipment.4 cl

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for determining and reducing impulse interference on electronic equipment when lightning discharges affect pipeline transportation facilities for oil and petroleum products.

[0002] When lightning strikes a lightning protection element at an oil and petroleum product pipeline facility near electronic equipment or its wired communications, interference is generated on the power and control cable lines, which is applied to the inputs of the electronic equipment as pulsed noise. Various measures are used to reduce the level of pulsed noise at the input of the electronic equipment.

[0003] A method for combating impulse interference is known from the prior art, which consists of forming a limiting level, usually coinciding with the signal level, with subsequent limiting of the "signal + impulse interference" mixture to the formed level, characterized in that multichannel processing is additionally provided, consisting of filtering in the time domain by a block of filtering functions, followed by calculating the signal spectrum and calculating the instantaneous frequency and entropy, making a decision based on the presentation of the two obtained parametric frequency-entropy estimates in a polar coordinate system, with subsequent transformation and restoration of the signal (RU 2321178 C1, H04L 1 / 00, 27.03.2008).

[0004] A prior art method for protecting a digital receiver from narrowband and pulsed interference includes signal filtering at the first stage to preliminarily suppress pulsed interference. The signal, filtered to remove the most significant pulsed interference, is then subjected to further filtering to suppress narrowband interference. Furthermore, the spectrum of the signal filtered to remove pulsed interference is fed to a spectrum analyzer, which controls the filtering of the signal from narrowband interference. The final stage involves further filtering to suppress any remaining pulsed interference (RU 2695542 C1, H04B 1 / 10, 24.07.2019)

[0005] The main disadvantage of these technical solutions is the lack of a set of measures to reduce the level of impulse interference to values ​​not exceeding the permissible level.

[0006] The technical problem that the technical solution is aimed at solving is the creation of a method for determining and reducing impulse interference on electronic equipment when lightning discharges affect an oil and petroleum product pipeline transportation facility based on data on the actual electromagnetic environment at the said facility.

[0007] The technical result of the declared technical solution is to prevent the risk of failure and damage to electronic equipment used at oil and oil product pipeline transportation facilities during lightning strikes.

[0008] The technical result of the claimed invention is ensured by the fact that the method for determining and reducing impulse interference on electronic equipment when exposed to lightning discharges on a pipeline transportation facility for oil and oil products, according to the invention, an experimental assessment of the parameters of the electromagnetic environment is carried out by instrumentally determining the location of grounding electrodes relative to buildings and structures of the pipeline transportation facility for oil and oil products near electronic equipment without opening the ground using route tracing equipment, visually determining the location of lightning rods, power and control cable lines near the locations of electronic equipment, visually determining the presence of armor and screen on power and control cables, plotting the routes and methods of laying cables on the plan, then a sample cable is laid along the route of laying the existing cable outside the cable structures,simulate a lightning discharge with a pulse generator and measure the current and voltage values ​​on the existing and sample cables using the said pulse generator and an oscilloscope and determine the attenuation coefficient of pulse interference using the formula:,

[0009] K восл =K осл к ⋅ K осл э ,

[0010] where K осл к - the attenuation coefficient of impulse noise by cable structures, determined by the formula:

[0011] K осл к =U помехи / U помехи ж ,

[0012] where U помехи - calculated value of impulse noise in the core of an openly laid cable, V;

[0013] U помехи ж - the calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve core of an existing cable in the absence of screen grounding, V;

[0014] U помехи =U изм ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0015] U помехи ж =U изм ж ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0016] where U изм- measured value of impulse noise in the core of an openly laid cable, V;

[0017] U изм ж - the measured value of impulse noise in the reserve core of an existing cable in the absence of screen grounding, V;

[0018] I молн - the amplitude of the lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A;

[0019] I г - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A;

[0020] K осл э - the attenuation coefficient of impulse interference by armor, determined by the formula:

[0021] K осл э =U помехи / U помехи экр ,

[0022] where U помехи - calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve cable core in the absence of armor grounding, V;

[0023] U помехи экр - calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve cable core when the armor is grounded, V;

[0024] U помехи =U изм ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0025] Uпомехи экр =U изм экр ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0026] where U изм - measured value of impulse interference in the absence of armor grounding, V;

[0027] U изм экр - measured value of impulse interference when grounding the armor, V;

[0028] I молн - the amplitude of the lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A;

[0029] I г - the measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A, then the value of the pulse potential difference applied to the cable insulation is determined using the formula:

[0030]

[0031] where I ген - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A;

[0032] U2 - measured value of pulse voltage amplitude, V;

[0033] I норм- standardized amplitude of lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A;

[0034] K осл - the coefficient of attenuation of interference by cable armor and cable structures,

[0035] and the value of the pulse potential difference applied to the input of the equipment, according to the formula:

[0036]

[0037] where I ген - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A;

[0038] U1 - measured value of pulse voltage amplitude, V;

[0039] I норм - standardized amplitude of lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A;

[0040] K осл - the coefficient of attenuation of interference by cable armor and cable structures,

[0041] after which the obtained values ​​of the pulsed potential differences applied to the inputs of electronic equipment and cable lines, taking into account a certain interference attenuation coefficient, are compared with the established standard values, in the event of exceeding the value of which the pulsed interference is determined and reduced by means of:

[0042] - increasing the attenuation factor of impulse noise by grounding the cable armor on both sides, replacing cables that only have armor with cables that have a screen and armor, laying cables in closed grounded cable boxes with the installation of copper jumpers between sections of cable boxes, connecting metal boxes with cables to the grounding circuit of the facility at the beginning and end of cable routes, as well as at intersections with other cable routes,

[0043] - changes in the configuration of the grounding device by strengthening the grounding device of the lightning protection system elements, increasing the number of paths for the lightning current to flow from the lightning protection system element, increasing the distance along the ground electrode from the lightning protection system element to the point of connection of the grounding device of the lightning protection system element to the grounding device of the facility,

[0044] - installation of surge protection devices,

[0045] in this case, each subsequent action to eliminate the excess of the value of pulse potential differences is applied if the current action does not allow the level of pulse interference to be reduced to an acceptable level.

[0046] In addition, the strengthening of the grounding device of the lightning protection system elements is carried out by increasing the number of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes of the lightning protection system elements.

[0047] In addition, the increase in the number of paths for lightning current to flow from an element of the lightning protection system is achieved by increasing the number of down conductors in the lightning conductors of an isolated lightning protection system and in buildings and structures with a non-insulated lightning protection system.

[0048] In addition, the permissible level of impulse noise at the input of electronic equipment is 2 kV.

[0049] The method for determining and reducing impulse interference on electronic equipment when lightning discharges affect an object of pipeline transportation of oil and oil products includes an experimental assessment of the parameters of the electromagnetic environment, determining the value of impulse potential differences, as a result of which impulse interference is detected, and reducing impulse interference.

[0050] At the stage of experimental assessment of the parameters of the electromagnetic environment, the following is carried out:

[0051] - instrumental determination of the location of ground electrodes relative to buildings and structures of an object near electronic equipment without opening the ground using route tracing equipment;

[0052] - visual determination of the location of lightning rods, power and control cable lines near the locations of electronic equipment, as well as installed surge protection devices;

[0053] - visual determination of the presence of armor and screen on power and control cables;

[0054] - applying the routes and methods of cable laying to the general plan;

[0055] - determination of the attenuation coefficient of impulse interference.

[0056] A reference cable is installed along the existing cable route, outside the cable structure. Using specialized instruments (a pulse generator and oscilloscope), the current and voltage values ​​on the existing and reference cables are measured.

[0057] After which, the attenuation coefficient of impulse noise by cable structures is determined, which is defined as the ratio of the value of the measured impulse noise in the core of an openly laid cable to the value of the impulse noise in the reserve core of the existing cable, measured in the absence of grounding of the cable screen / armor.

[0058] K осл к =U помехи / U помехи ж ,

[0059] where U помехи - calculated value of impulse noise in the core of an openly laid cable, V;

[0060] U помехи ж- the calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve core of an existing cable in the absence of grounding of the screen, V, which is determined by the formulas:

[0061] U помехи =U изм ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0062] U помехи ж = U изм ж ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0063] where

[0064] U изм - measured value of impulse noise in the core of an openly laid cable, V;

[0065] U изм ж - the measured value of impulse noise in the reserve core of an existing cable in the absence of screen grounding, V;

[0066] I молн - lightning current equal to 200 kA or 100 kA, determined depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility in accordance with clause 2.3 of SO-153-34.21.122-2003 “Instructions for the installation of lightning protection for buildings, structures and industrial communications”;

[0067] I г - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A.

[0068] The impulse noise attenuation coefficient of armor is defined as the ratio of the measured impulse noise in the backup cable core without armor grounding to the same noise measured with the armor grounding scheme adopted at the facility. If multiple armor grounding schemes are used, multiple attenuation coefficient values ​​are determined based on the number of schemes.

[0069] K осл э =U помехи / U помехи экр ,

[0070] where U помехи - calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve cable core in the absence of armor grounding, V;

[0071] U помехи экр - the calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve cable core when the armor is grounded, V, which is determined by the formulas:

[0072] U помехи =U изм ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0073] U помехи экр =U изм экр ⋅ I молн / I г ,

[0074] where:

[0075] U изм- measured value of impulse interference in the absence of armor grounding, V;

[0076] U изм экр - the measured value of impulse interference when grounding the armor according to the grounding scheme adopted at the facility, V;

[0077] I молн - lightning current equal to 200 kA or 100 kA, determined depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility in accordance with clause 2.3 of SO-153-34.21.122-2003 “Instructions for the installation of lightning protection for buildings, structures and industrial communications”;

[0078] I г - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A.

[0079] After which, the total interference attenuation coefficient is determined, consisting of the sum of the attenuation coefficient of impulse interference by cable structures and the attenuation coefficient of impulse interference by armor, according to the formula:

[0080] K восл =K осл к ⋅ K осл э

[0081] Then the pulse potential differences are determined. The magnitude of the pulse potential difference applied to the cable insulation is determined by the formula:

[0082]

[0083] where: I ген - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A;

[0084] U2 - measured value of pulse voltage amplitude, V;

[0085] I норм - the amplitude of the lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA, standardized depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility in accordance with clause 2.3 of SO-153-34.21.122-2003 “Instructions for the installation of lightning protection for buildings, structures and industrial communications”;

[0086] K осл - the coefficient of attenuation of interference by cable armor and cable structures.

[0087] The magnitude of the pulse potential difference applied to the input of the equipment is determined by the formula:

[0088]

[0089] where: I ген- measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A;

[0090] U1 - measured value of pulse voltage amplitude, V;

[0091] I норм - the amplitude of the lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA, standardized depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility in accordance with clause 2.3 of SO-153-34.21.122-2003 “Instructions for the installation of lightning protection for buildings, structures and industrial communications”;

[0092] K осл - the coefficient of attenuation of interference by cable armor and cable structures.

[0093] The measurement result is the values ​​of pulsed potential differences applied to the inputs of electronic equipment and cable lines, taking into account a certain interference attenuation coefficient, which are compared with the standard values ​​established by GOST R 50571.4.44-2019 and GOST 30804.6.2-2013.

[0094] After an experimental assessment of the parameters of the electromagnetic environment, in the event that the magnitude of impulse interference exceeds the standard value, the impulse interference is sequentially reduced by:

[0095] Increasing the attenuation coefficient of impulse interference due to:

[0096] - grounding of cable armor on both sides;

[0097] - replacing cables that have only armor with cables that have both shielding and armor;

[0098] - laying cables in closed grounded cable boxes with the installation of copper jumpers between sections of cable boxes);

[0099] - connecting metal boxes with cables to the grounding circuit of the facility at the beginning and end of cable routes, as well as at intersections with other cable routes.

[0100] Grounding device configuration changes:

[0101] - strengthening the grounding device of lightning protection system elements (increasing the number of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes of lightning protection system elements);

[0102] - increasing the number of paths for lightning current to flow from an element of the lightning protection system (increasing the number of down conductors for lightning conductors of an isolated lightning protection system and for buildings and structures with a non-insulated lightning protection system);

[0103] - increasing the distance along the ground electrode from the lightning protection system element to the point where the grounding device of the lightning protection system element is connected to the grounding device of the facility.

[0104] Installation of surge protection devices (selection and installation of surge protection devices must comply with Section 534 of GOST R 50571.5.53-2013), which do not disconnect the line, but operate as a high-speed switch: in normal mode, they have high resistance, but when an overvoltage pulse occurs, the resistance drops sharply, and the current, which is dangerous for electronic equipment, is diverted to the ground through the grounding circuit.

[0105] In this case, each subsequent action to reduce impulse interference is applied if the current one does not allow reducing the level of impulse interference to an acceptable level.

[0106] The result of the measures taken is a reduction in the level of impulse interference at the input of electronic equipment to an acceptable level of 2 kV in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30804.6.2-2013.

[0107] Thus, the claimed method makes it possible to improve the electromagnetic environment at oil and oil product pipeline transportation facilities by reducing impulse interference on electronic equipment, determined as a result of the reaction of the lightning protection system of operating facilities to a simulated lightning discharge when acting on a lightning protection element, where the amplitude of interference in the lower-level cable networks is determined.

Claims

1. A method for determining and reducing impulse interference on electronic equipment when exposed to lightning discharges on a pipeline transportation facility for oil and petroleum products, characterized by the fact that an experimental assessment of the parameters of the electromagnetic environment is carried out by instrumentally determining the location of grounding electrodes relative to buildings and structures of the pipeline transportation facility for oil and petroleum products near electronic equipment without opening the ground using route-tracing equipment, visually determining the location of lightning rods, power and control cable lines near the locations of electronic equipment, visually determining the presence of armor and screening on power and control cables, marking the routes and methods of laying cables on a plan, then laying a sample cable along the route of laying the existing cable outside the cable structures,simulate a lightning discharge with a pulse generator and measure the current and voltage values ​​on the existing and sample cables using the said pulse generator and oscilloscope and determine the attenuation coefficient of pulse interference using the formula, TO восл = K осл к ⋅ K осл э , where K осл к - the attenuation coefficient of impulse noise by cable structures, determined by the formula TO осл к = U помехи / U помехи ж , where U помехи - calculated value of impulse noise in the core of an openly laid cable, V; U помехи ж - the calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve core of an existing cable in the absence of screen grounding, V; U помехи = U изм ⋅ I молн / I г , U помехи ж = U изм ж ⋅ I молн / I г , where U изм- measured value of impulse noise in the core of an openly laid cable, V; U изм ж - the measured value of impulse noise in the reserve core of an existing cable in the absence of screen grounding, V; I молн - the amplitude of the lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A; I г - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A; TO осл э - the attenuation coefficient of impulse interference by armor, determined by the formula TO осл э = U помехи / U помехи экр , where U помехи - calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve cable core in the absence of armor grounding, V; U помехи экр - calculated value of impulse noise in the reserve cable core when the armor is grounded, V; U помехи = U изм ⋅ I молн / I г , U помехи экр = U изм экр ⋅ I молн / I г , where U изм - measured value of impulse interference in the absence of armor grounding, V; U изм экр - measured value of impulse interference when grounding the armor, V; I молн - the amplitude of the lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A; I г - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A, then the magnitude of the pulse potential difference applied to the cable insulation is determined using the formula where I ген - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A; U2 - measured value of the pulse voltage amplitude, V; I норм - standardized amplitude of lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A; TO осл- the coefficient of attenuation of interference by cable armor and cable structures, and the magnitude of the pulse potential difference applied to the input of the equipment, according to the formula where I ген - measured amplitude of the pulse current of the pulse generator, A; U1 - measured value of the pulse voltage amplitude, V; I норм - standardized amplitude of lightning impulse current, equal to 200 kA or 100 kA depending on the level of lightning protection of the facility, A; TO осл - the coefficient of attenuation of interference by cable armor and cable structures, after which the obtained values ​​of the pulsed potential differences applied to the inputs of the electronic equipment and cable lines, taking into account a certain interference attenuation coefficient, are compared with the established standard values, in the event of exceeding the value of which the pulsed interference is determined and reduced by means of: - increasing the attenuation factor of impulse noise by grounding the cable armour on both sides, replacing cables that only have armour with cables that have a screen and armour, laying cables in closed grounded cable boxes with the installation of copper jumpers between sections of cable boxes, connecting metal boxes with cables to the grounding circuit of the facility at the beginning and end of cable routes, as well as at intersections with other cable routes, - changes in the configuration of the grounding device by strengthening the grounding device of the lightning protection system elements, increasing the number of paths for lightning current to flow from the lightning protection system element, increasing the distance along the ground electrode from the lightning protection system element to the point of connection of the grounding device of the lightning protection system element to the grounding device of the facility, - installation of devices for protection against impulse overvoltage, In this case, each subsequent action to eliminate the excess of the value of pulse potential differences is applied if the current action does not allow the level of pulse interference to be reduced to an acceptable level.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the strengthening of the grounding device of the elements of the lightning protection system is carried out by increasing the number of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes of the elements of the lightning protection system.

3. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the increase in the number of paths for lightning current to flow from an element of the lightning protection system is achieved by increasing the number of down conductors in the lightning conductors of the isolated lightning protection system and in buildings and structures with a non-insulated lightning protection system.

4. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the permissible level of impulse interference at the input of the electronic equipment is 2 kV.

Images