Complex potassium-containing ameliorant

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; forestry; gardening; municipal services; road management; environmental protection.SUBSTANCE: complex potassium-containing ameliorant contains mechanically dehydrated clay-salt sludge from potash production (CSPS) with a moisture content of up to 30 wt.% with a potassium chloride content of 8-12 wt.%, a waste product from the production of phosphorus fertilizers - phosphogypsum, as well as peat or sapropel, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: CSPS - 35-40, phosphogypsum - 20-25, peat or sapropel - the rest. The ameliorant is produced in a loose, crumbly state with moisture content of no more than 30 wt.% or in the form of dry granules of various shapes.EFFECT: proposed ameliorant expands the range of tools for producing effective ameliorants by increasing the proportion of industrial waste in the ameliorant, improves soil conditions, namely, reduces salinity, reduces density, improves water-air conditions, and contributes to increased crop yields.2 cl, 8 tbl, 2 ex

Description

[0001] Technical field

[0002] The present invention relates to agriculture, forestry, gardening, municipal services, road management, and environmental protection, specifically to organomineral potassium-containing ameliorants with prolonged ameliorative properties. The complex potassium-containing ameliorant (PKC) can be used to increase soil fertility, improve the physicochemical, mechanical, acid-base properties, and nutrient status of soils, create an artificial fertile layer, combat desertification, create protective shelterbelts, and reclaim soils contaminated with heavy metals and man-made radionuclides. The use of MCC, especially on sandy and sandy loam soils, significantly increases the yield of potatoes, sugar and fodder beets, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, garlic, corn, fruit and berry crops, including apple trees, grapes, as well as all flower crops.

[0003] Technology Level

[0004] An ameliorant is a substance of industrial or fossil origin, intended to improve soils with unfavorable physical and chemical properties (acidic, alkaline, polluted, low-humus, etc.).

[0005] Ameliorants affect the composition and structure of soil, the reaction of the soil solution, and the ratio of ions in the soil solution and the adsorbing complex. The purpose of ameliorants is to neutralize acidity and alkalinity, eliminate chemical contamination, improve the microbiological regime, increase phosphorus solubility, and enhance fertility.

[0006] Soil ameliorants are classified by origin (natural and artificial) and method of application (impact on the soil). Some types: by composition - organic, mineral, and organomineral; by effect - ameliorants-sorbents, fertilizer-ameliorants, structure-forming ameliorants, and ameliorants that optimize acidity.

[0007] By origin, ameliorants are divided into artificial, natural and non-traditional (for example, based on production and consumption waste).

[0008] Ameliorants are used to address various issues related to the chemical and agrophysical properties of soil. For example: liming—the application of lime fertilizers to eliminate soil acidity; gypsum application—the application of gypsum, the calcium of which replaces sodium in the soil to reduce alkalinity (for solonetz and alkaline soils); and detoxification—the use of ameliorants with sorption properties (the ability to absorb fertilizer residues, heavy metals, and other contaminants from the soil) on soils contaminated with heavy metals.

[0009] Zeolites, a group of natural minerals whose properties have been extensively studied by scientists, can be considered as examples of classic soil amendments. Previously, they were primarily used as filter media for drinking water. Possessing high ion-exchange properties, zeolites absorb excess fertilizers from the soil, preserving the micro- and macroelements contained therein, subsequently nourishing plant roots with them. Experiments have shown that applying 200-400 grams of zeolite crumbs per square meter increases crop yields while reducing fertilizer application rates.

[0010] Another widely used ameliorant in plant growing is perlite, or more precisely, perlite sand (3-5 mm fraction, dust-free). Perlite is completely sterilized at 800-1000°C, and its particles develop numerous cavities, increasing its overall specific surface area while simultaneously reducing its weight. A cubic meter of perlite sand weighs 100-250 kg. It can also hold more water than its own volume. Chemically inert, perlite's unique properties improve soil water and air permeability when added to soil. This type of soil is ideal for rooting cuttings.

[0011] Vermiculite, a soil amendment similar to perlite, expands in volume up to 15 times after heat treatment. Its low weight and density allow it to retain 3-4 times its own weight in water. Its 2-4 mm fraction, added at 10-30% to clay soil, significantly improves its structure and water-air balance. It prevents nutrient leaching and is also a source of magnesium and trace elements. It is environmentally friendly and disintegrates into clay particles.

[0012] Hydrogel ameliorant is roughly similar to jelly or paste. It is initially sold as granules or powder. It can bind an unlimited amount of water: 1 gram absorbs 200-400 ml, and approximately 30 g absorbs a bucket of water. The water contained in the gel does not escape and does not affect the physical properties of the soil. At the same time, more than 95% of it is available to plants, allowing for extended intervals between waterings to 2-3 weeks. It is recommended for protecting plant roots from drying out and for seed germination. The hydrogel has a shelf life of over 5 years. It is environmentally safe and decomposes into nitrogen compounds. Expanded clay has long been known, but is rarely used as an ameliorant. By firing clay granules with organic additives, expanded clay gravel is produced with a fine-porous structure. Despite its light weight and high mechanical strength, it can retain up to a quarter of its volume in water. Depending on the grain size, a cubic meter of expanded clay weighs between 250 and 600 kg. Large-grain expanded clay is best used as drainage backfill for planting holes, while expanded clay chips (up to 5 mm) are used as a component for loosening the soil and stabilizing its hydraulic regime.

[0014] Crushed charcoal, both wood and brown, is also an effective soil amendment, well-known but rarely used to improve soil fertility. It's not specifically produced as an amendment, but it's very easy to obtain—for example, by grinding commercial barbecue charcoal into fine coal dust. By absorbing harmful substances from the soil, it improves the water balance and stimulates biological processes.

[0015] A classic soil amendment used for centuries is limestone (dolomite) flour and ash. They effectively improve the soil, improving its crumb structure and absorption capacity, and are also environmentally friendly.

[0016] At the same time, taking into account the deterioration of the environmental situation and soil depletion, the development of new and effective ameliorants is currently a pressing issue.

[0017] At the same time, many developments have been made in this area, some of which are protected by patents.

[0018] Thus, a lime fertilizer-ameliorant is known, which includes oxides of calcium, magnesium, silicon, aluminum and iron, calcium and magnesium hydroxides and sodium and potassium salts (RU Patent No. 2819774, published on 05 / 24 / 2024).

[0019] The disadvantage of this lime fertilizer-ameliorant is its low efficiency, as well as the lack of potassium in its composition, which is involved in the regulation of water exchange and activates enzymes responsible for the process of plant photosynthesis and the formation of product quality.

[0020] A soil mixture is also known according to the Russian Federation patent No. 2805233, published on 12.10.2023. The known soil mixture contains a man-made sand component and waste from the pulp and paper industry, while the soil mixture contains man-made disturbed podzol or quartz or nepheline waste as a man-made sand component, and scops as a waste from the pulp and paper industry.

[0021] The disadvantage of this type of soil is its low efficiency and the absence of a number of components, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium and silicates, which are necessary for increasing soil fertility and crop yields.

[0022] A soil ameliorant for increasing the fertility of leached chernozem and a method for its use are known under Russian Patent No. 2764792, published on January 21, 2022. The known soil ameliorant contains phosphogypsum, shell limestone, apatite and manganese ore concentrate in the ratio of initial components (t / ha): shell limestone 11.5-12.5, apatite 2.5-3.5, phosphogypsum 11.5-12.5, manganese ore concentrate 0.13-0.17.

[0023] The disadvantage of this ameliorant is the absence of potassium clay-salt sludge and organic components in its composition, which help improve the chemical composition and structure of the soil, increase its aeration, and retain moisture.

[0024] A fertilizer-ameliorant known under Russian Patent No. 2588987, published on July 10, 2016, contains lowland peat and sapropel, and additionally contains tripoli and humic acid. All components are combined in a specific ratio.

[0025] The disadvantage of this ameliorant is the absence of potassium clay-salt sludge and phosphogypsum in its composition, which increase the agrochemical properties of the soil due to potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and sulfur and improve the structure and water-air regime of the soil.

[0026] Also known is a potassium-boron granulated ameliorant, adopted as a prototype, containing potassium chloride 12-16 wt.%, lime as a binder 0.5-1.0 wt.%, sulfide-yeast mash 2.0-3.0 wt.%, the rest is clay-salt potassium sludge (Patent of the Republic of Belarus No. 4272, published on 12 / 30 / 2001).

[0027] The disadvantage of the prototype is its low efficiency, high cost due to the use of target chemical products (potassium chloride, lime and sulfide-yeast mash) in its composition, as well as the multi-component composition, complexity of production and a narrow range of applications.

[0028] The technical objective of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency and expand the spectrum of action of the proposed MCC by incorporating dehydrated clay-salt sludge waste from potash production (hereinafter referred to as DSSH), as well as phosphorus production waste (phosphogypsum and peat or sapropel), simplifying the composition of the ameliorant and its production, and utilizing production waste. Another objective is to expand the arsenal of means for producing effective ameliorants.

[0029] Disclosure of invention

[0030] To solve the technical problems, a complex potassium-containing ameliorant (MKK) based on industrial waste has been proposed, which has high efficiency and an extended spectrum of action.

[0031] The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency and expand the spectrum of action of the proposed ameliorant, simplify the composition of the ameliorant and its production, increase the proportion of production waste in the composition of the ameliorant, which affects environmental friendliness, and the technical result is to expand the arsenal of means for the production of effective ameliorants.

[0032] This technical task and technical result are achieved by mixing mechanically dehydrated clay-salt sludge from potash production (CSPS) with a moisture content of up to 30% by weight and a potassium chloride content of 8-12% by weight with phosphogypsum, a waste product from the production of phosphate fertilizers, as well as peat or sapropel, to produce the MCC. The quantitative composition of the MCC is as follows, in wt.%: CSPS - 35-40, phosphogypsum - 20-25, peat or sapropel - the remainder.

[0033] The ratio of components and application rate depend on the type of soil being treated and the type of crop being grown. The composition may vary depending on soil conditions and the type of crop being grown. MCC can be produced in a loose, crumbly state with a moisture content of no more than 30% by weight, or as dry granules of various shapes.

[0034] Thus, the claimed solution relates to a complex potassium-containing ameliorant (MKK), the basis of which is clay-salt sludge from potash production (CSPS) with a moisture content of no more than 30 wt.%, characterized in that CSPS with a potassium chloride content of 8-12 wt.% is used, while the ameliorant additionally contains a waste product from the production of phosphorus fertilizers - phosphogypsum, as well as peat or sapropel, with the following quantitative content of the components, in wt.%: CSPS - 35-40, phosphogypsum - 20-25%, peat or sapropel - the rest.

[0035] The characteristics of the MCC components used are shown below.

[0036] 1. Clay-salt sludge from potash production (CSPS) is a liquid waste from potash fertilizer production, formed during the enrichment of sylvinite ore. It is a suspension of a solution saturated with NaCl and KCl salts and solid particles of these same salts and clay materials. CSPS has a complex material composition, a specific feature being the presence of components such as KCl, NaCl, and CaSO. 4, CaCO3 and halopelite, which is an ancient silt deposit and contains a naturally balanced complex of dolomite, calcite, hydromica, montmorillonite, zinc, iron, as well as trace elements such as bromine, boron, copper, manganese, magnesium, zinc, and others, in a form easily absorbed by plants. The halopelite also contains fine particles of sand, clay, and other inclusions, 70% of which are approximately 20 microns in size.

[0037] The useful chemical composition of the GSSh may vary and the permissible content of components is given in Table No. 1.

[0038] Table No. 1

[0039] Component name Containment in the General Staff Potassium chloride (KCl) ~ 8.0 – 12.0 wt.% Sodium chloride (NaCl) ~ 32.0 – 38.0 wt.% Water-insoluble residue (WIR) ~ 45.0 – 60.0 wt.% Calcium sulfate (CaSO4) ~ 4.5 – 5.5 wt.% Calcium chloride (CaCl2) ~ 0.45 – 0.94 wt.% Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) ~ 0.141 – 0.310 wt.% Water (H2O) ~ 23.0 – 26.0 wt.% Bromine (Br -) ~ 0.054 – 0.069 wt.% Chromium (Cr 6+) ~ 0.02 – 0.04 mg / kg Iron (Fe3+) ~ 8.8 – 12.2 mg / kg Zinc (Zn2+) ~ 5.4 – 8.0 mg / kg Copper (Cu2+) ~ 15.2 – 20.5 mg / kg Boron (B3+) ~ 47 – 73 mg / kg Manganese (Mn2+) ~ 0.24 – 0.32 mg / kg

[0040] * The table shows approximate permissible component contents; however, the quantitative composition may vary for different types of GSSh and differ from the indicated ratios. The composition of the slurry may also vary depending on the ore composition.

[0041] GSS are placed in slurry storage facilities on the surface. They can also be placed in mined-out areas of mines—in specially prepared containers (underground slurry storage facilities) or by adding them to the salt waste used to backfill exhausted chambers. Storing GSS in storage facilities leads to chemical contamination of groundwater and soils, the formation of excess brines, and requires the permanent alienation of significant areas of agricultural land. Therefore, GSS disposal is a pressing issue.

[0042] Adding GSSh to the soil contributes to:

[0043] - replenishment of the soil with mobile potassium and calcium, microelements vital for plants;

[0044] - increasing the moisture capacity and fertility of soils, improving the structure and properties of soils, increasing cohesion and resistance to water and wind erosion, transforming sandy soils;

[0045] - increasing the yield of spring soft wheat and spring durum wheat by 18-20% and improving the quality of grain by increasing the protein and gluten content; sunflower by 33-35%; buckwheat up to 25%, perennial grasses at an effective dose of 400 to 1600 kg / ha on light sandy, sandy loam, peaty and floodplain soils;

[0046] - optimization of the development of the root system of trees and increasing the survival rate of planting cuttings at the level of 95-96%;

[0047] - inhibits the development of fungal diseases and the harmful effects of pests on crops;

[0048] - effective binding of toxic and carcinogenic organic compounds in contaminated soils;

[0049] - decontamination of soils contaminated with man-made radionuclides.

[0050] Using a fertilizer with a lower content of potassium chloride (less than 10 wt.%) reduces the effectiveness of the ameliorant due to the deficiency of this component, and increasing the content of potassium chloride is only possible by enriching the fertilizer with potassium chloride, which makes the resulting ameliorant significantly more expensive.

[0051] High moisture content in GSSh and MCC (more than 30 wt.%) leads to difficulties associated with the transportation of products and their application to the soil, since the products acquire a softer and more fluid consistency.

[0052] Mechanical dehydration of GSSh eliminates the use of chemical drying agents, which make the process of producing the ameliorant more expensive and less environmentally friendly and which can negatively affect its properties.

[0053] Mechanical dewatering refers to a method that uses mechanical forces such as pressure or centrifugation, as well as elevated temperature, to separate water from solid particles.

[0054] 2. Phosphogypsum is formed during the production of wet-process phosphoric acid and consists primarily of calcium sulfate dihydrate. The process of producing wet-process phosphoric acid is based on the decomposition of natural phosphate raw materials (apatite concentrate or phosphate ore) with sulfuric acid using sulfuric acid technology. Phosphogypsum is a problematic waste product from wet-process phosphoric acid production due to its high tonnage and environmental concerns, making its disposal a pressing issue.

[0055] The approximate chemical composition of phosphogypsum is given in Table No. 2.

[0056] Table No. 2

[0057] Component name Mass fraction, wt.% Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4*2H2O) on dry basis ~ 77 – 92 Total phosphates in terms of P2O5, not more than ~ 1,5 Fluoride compounds expressed as fluorine (F) ~ 0,3 – 0,4 Water (H2O) ~ 20 – 26

[0058] Adding phosphogypsum to the soil contributes to:

[0059] - improving the quality of humus, increasing the content of humic acids in the soil;

[0060] - replenishment of soil with calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, silicon, zinc, copper;

[0061] - improving the soil structure, moisture capacity and water-air regime of the soil;

[0062] - improving the quality of products, including the marketability of vegetables up to 20%, fruits and berries up to 15%;

[0063] - optimizes and stabilizes soil pH. Reduces soil salinity and excess acidity. Prevents the formation of phytotoxic compounds;

[0064] - increasing the overall fertility of the soil, reducing soil density, activating biological processes in the soil.

[0065] 3. Peat, an organic mineral, consists primarily of organic matter, minerals, and oxygen. Peat is formed through the natural death and partial decomposition of marsh plants under conditions of excessive moisture and limited air access. Every year, plants in marshy areas die, and their remains accumulate on the surface. Gradually, the layer of undecomposed remains thickens, and new plants grow over the old, forming a multi-layered structure. Under anaerobic conditions (without oxygen), plant remains undergo humification—the process of conversion into humic acids. Over time, the peat layers become compacted under the pressure of new layers. In its natural state, peat is a relatively homogeneous mass of various shades: fibrous, light yellow, with well-preserved plant tissues - slightly decomposed, layered (or earthy) dark brown and black - moderately and highly decomposed.

[0066] The average chemical composition of peat is given in Table No. 3.

[0067] Table No. 3

[0068] Component name Mass fraction, wt.% Mass fraction of dry matter ~ 20 – 45 Mass fraction of total nitrogen on a dry basis ~ 1,6 – 3,8 Total phosphorus (P2O5) on dry basis ~ 0,2 – 0,8 Calcium (CaO) on dry basis, ~ 0,2 – 0,4 Sulfur (SO3), no more than ~ 1,2 Total potassium (K2O) on dry basis, ~ 0,1 – 0,3

[0069] * Depending on the type of peat (lowland, transitional, high-moor), the chemical composition may vary.

[0070] Adding peat to the soil helps:

[0071] - improving the soil structure, peat makes clay soils looser and lighter, and sandy soils denser and more structured;

[0072] - increasing moisture capacity, which is especially important for sandy soils and elevated beds, peat actively absorbs water and gives it to plants as needed;

[0073] - to increase acidity, it is useful to add high-moor peat to alkaline soils, and also to place it under plants that prefer increased acidity of the substrate;

[0074] - soil purification, since peat has a disinfecting effect, inhibits the spread of fungi and infections;

[0075] - significantly improves the mechanical properties of soils of various compositions thanks to its fibrous, porous structure. Soil well-amended with peat becomes water- and air-permeable, "breathes" easily and freely, and plants' root systems feel more comfortable in it.

[0076] 4. Sapropel, formed from the bottom silt and organomineral deposits of freshwater bodies, primarily contains organic matter, as well as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamins, amino acids, and biologically active substances. Of greatest interest, however, are humic acids, which stimulate plant growth. Externally, sapropel is a greasy, gelatinous or granular mass, ranging in color from pink to brownish-olive and almost black.

[0077] The chemical composition of sapropel is given in Table No. 4.

[0078] Table No. 4

[0079] Component name Mass fraction, % Mass fraction of dry matter, not less than, % ~ 40 Mass fraction of total nitrogen on a dry basis, not less than, % ~ 1,5 Total phosphorus (P2O5), g / kg ~ 0,8 – 1,07 Calcium (CaO), g / kg ~ 14,3 – 21,5 Sulfur (SO3), no more than, g / kg ~ 3,0 Total potassium (K2O), not less than, g / kg ~ 0,3

[0080] * Depending on the type and location of sapropel extraction, the chemical composition may vary.

[0081] Adding sapropel to the soil helps:

[0082] - improving the mechanical structure of soils, water absorption and water retention capacity, aeration;

[0083] - natural soil cleansing (detoxification) of heavy metals, radionuclides, petroleum products, pesticides, pathogens, fungi, and harmful microorganisms. Harmful and toxic substances are converted into a form inaccessible to plants;

[0084] - increases the biological activity of soils, acts as a natural biostimulant, activating the development of beneficial soil microflora;

[0085] - increases the humus content, supplies plants with essential nutrients, which leads to an increase in the yield and quality of garden crops;

[0086] - stimulation of root system growth and germination of planting material;

[0087] - improving the preparation of plants for winter and their overwintering.

[0088] Based on the GSSh and using waste from the production of phosphorus fertilizers, as well as peat or sapropel, formulations of promising ameliorants with various component ratios have been developed to solve specific problems, taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, soil and climatic conditions, and the industrial focus of soil use.

[0089] Peat and sapropel are similar in origin and chemical composition, so they are interchangeable. A mixture of these components can be used in any ratio.

[0090] The invention allows for long-term increases in the reserves of available potassium, phosphorus, silicon, exchangeable calcium, available sulfur, and a number of plant-essential micronutrients, particularly in sandy and sandy loam soils. This increases the soil's potential for producing consistently high agricultural yields and improves the quality of their products. This is particularly true for potatoes, sugar and fodder beets, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, garlic, corn, fruit and berry crops, including apples, grapes, and all flower crops.

[0091] It is also characteristic that when it is introduced into the soil, it does not require additional application of organic fertilizers, and the doses of mandatory application of mineral phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to plant growing technologies can be reduced by at least 10-20% depending on the biological characteristics of the crops.

[0092] The versatility of the MCC composition also lies in the fact that it can be used on saline soils, which will help reduce the soil density in them, improve the water-air regime and nutrient regimes.

[0093] An additional advantage of the invention is the solution to the problem of the progressive accumulation of waste from potash production and by-products of chemical production in sludge storage facilities and dumps, which currently pose a constant threat of environmental pollution and degrade the sanitary, epidemiological and aesthetic qualities of the surrounding natural environment.

[0094] The use of dehydrated clay-salt sludge waste from potash production and waste from the production of phosphorus fertilizers - phosphogypsum - allows us to reduce their negative impact on the environment in the area where these wastes are stored, as well as increase the overall efficiency of enterprises producing potash and phosphorus fertilizers.

[0095] As is well known, low-fertility soils with excessive acidity and / or salinity of the soil solution, characterized by insufficient availability of available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, are widespread across much of central Russia, the Volga region, Siberia, and the Far East. Improving the fertility of such soils requires, first and foremost, optimizing the acid-base properties, which is successfully achieved by the application of MCC, which has a prolonged neutralizing effect.

[0096] Besides Russian regions, promising areas for MCC use include the United Arab Emirates and the states bordering the Persian Gulf, where sandy deserts and salt marshes occupy much of their territory. In these conditions, MCC application is most effective and will quickly improve soil structure, improve water-air balance, increase calcium content, significantly improve phosphate, potassium, and sulfur nutrition, and optimize soil acid-base properties. The use of MCC, which includes dewatered potash sludge, will quickly create an artificial fertile soil layer, opening the way for the full development of the agricultural sector.

[0097] The quantitative ratio of the components of the MCC was determined experimentally from the point of view of the greatest efficiency.

[0098] Implementation of the invention

[0099] The essence and advantages of the claimed MCC can be clearly illustrated by the following examples of its specific application.

[0100] Example 1

[0101] In 2024, an experiment was conducted on an irrigated plot owned by Sev07 LLC in the southern agroclimatic zone of the Samara Region. The plot consists of sandy loam soil with a slightly solonetzic composition and a humus horizon depth of up to 60-70 cm. The soil contains 5.2% humus, 1.8 mg / 100 g of available phosphorus, and 20.6 mg / 100 g of exchangeable potassium. The soil pH of the arable horizon is 7.5. The experimental design is presented in Table 5.

[0102] Table No. 5. Scheme of field experiment with ameliorant.

[0103] Culture Experience options How to use the meliorant Corn for grain Control The calculated norms of the MCC were introduced in the spring - for cultivation N60P60K60 (Background) Background + MCC 1.0 t / ha Background + MCC 1.5 t / ha Background + MCC 2.0 t / ha Background + MCC 2.0 t / ha Background + MCC 4.0 t / ha Note. MCC: GSSh sludge – 40 wt.% (KCl – 10 wt.%) phosphogypsum – 25 wt.% peat – 35 wt.%

[0104] The primary and pre-sowing soil preparation procedures were generally accepted for corn in this zone. The Amovit hybrid seeds were seeded using a Gaspardo 12 seeder coupled to an MTZ-1523 tractor at a seeding rate of 60,000 viable seeds per hectare. The experiment was replicated three times, with a plot area of ​​300 m. 2 , the placement of options is systematic.

[0105] During the experiment, it was revealed that corn, even with a lack of atmospheric moisture and without the application of mineral fertilizers, is capable of forming fairly high grain yields in the conditions of the Samara region, on its soils, at the level of 6.80 t / ha (Table No. 6).

[0106] Table No. 6. Corn grain yield.

[0107] Experience options Without irrigation On irrigation grain yield, t / ha increase grain yield, t / ha increase t / ha % t / ha % Control - no fertilizer 6,80 - - 10,11 - - N60P60 (Background) 7,52 0,72 10,5 11,49 1,38 13,6 Background + MCC 1.0 t / ha 8,00 1,20 17,6 11, 91 1,80 17,8 Background + MCC 1.5 t / ha 8,26 1,46 21,4 12,35 2,24 22,1 Background + MCC 2.0 t / ha 8,59 1,79 26,3 12,89 4,38 27,4 Background + MCC 2.0 t / ha 8,95 2,15 31,6 13,20 3,09 30,5 Background + MCC 4.0 t / ha 9,14 2,34 34,4 13,80 3,69 36,4

[0108] Analysis of yield data for irrigated crops showed that corn plants with optimal soil moisture utilized available resources and applied mineral nutrients better. Yields were, on average, 48.6-50.9% higher than those of non-irrigated corn.

[0109] Example 2

[0110] A stationary field trial with spring wheat was established in 2024 at the Chishminsky Plant Breeding Center of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture. Early deep autumn plowing was used for spring wheat. In the spring, moisture retention and pre-sowing cultivation were carried out on the day of sowing to the seed placement depth. The experimental design is presented in Table 7.

[0111] Table No. 7. Scheme of field experiment with MCC

[0112] Culture Experience options How to use the meliorant Spring wheat Control (without fertilizers) The calculated norms of the MCC were introduced in the spring – for cultivation N20P20 - background Background + MCC 1.0 t / ha Background + MCC 1.5 t / ha Background + MCC 2.0 t / ha Background + MCC 1.0 t / ha Background + MCC 1.5 t / ha Background + MCC 2.0 t / ha Background + MCC 6.0 t / ha Note: MCC: GSSh sludge – 35 wt.% (KCl – 12 wt.%) phosphogypsum – 25 wt.% sapropel – 40 wt.%

[0113] The research was conducted using GOST 10842-76(75), the methodology of A.I. Rudenko; methodological guidelines according to B.A. Dospekhov, methodological guidelines for conducting research in long-term experiments with fertilizers, methodological requirements for field experiments, and the fundamentals of scientific research in agronomy. The plot area was 25 m 2 , repeated three times.

[0114] During the experiment, it was found that the yield structure of spring wheat varied significantly between the treatments with NP + MKK mineral fertilizer. With MKK applied at a dose of 2.0 t / ha, the number of productive stems increased to 436 per 1 m 2 (in the control variant 375 pcs / m 2 ), productive tillering and the number of grains per ear increased to 1.7 and 28, respectively (in the control variant, 1.2 and 23). The grain weight per ear increased (to 0.98 g) and the weight of 1000 grains (to 29.9 g).

[0115] The highest yield was obtained with the application of NP followed by MCC at a dose of 2.0 t / ha and 1.0 t / ha, where it amounted to 26.6 and 27.5 c / ha, respectively (in the control variant, 21.3 c / ha, and with NP – 24.0 c / ha). In the other variants, yield exceeded the control significantly as well (Table No. 8).

[0116] Table No. 8 - Determination of the crop structure and yield of spring wheat

[0117] Options Number of stems, pcs / m2 Productive bushiness, pcs. Number of grains per ear, pcs. Grain weight from 1 ear, g Weight of 1000 grains, g Productivity, c / ha Control without fertilizers 375 1,2 23 0,82 25,1 21,3 NP – background 409 1,5 26 0,91 28,3 24,0 Background + MCC 1.0 t / ha 414 1,6 26 0,92 28,9 24,9 Background + MCC 1.5 t / ha 427 1,6 27 0,94 29,3 25,2 Background + MCC 2.0 t / ha 436 1,7 2 31 0,98 30,9 26,6 Background + MCC 1.0 t / ha 435 1,6 27 0,95 30,7 27,5 Background + MCC 1.5 t / ha 442 1,7 30 0,95 30,4 25,4

[0118] The studies conducted have shown that the use of the proposed MCC leads to an increase in the yield of spring soft wheat and spring durum wheat by up to 18-20% and an improvement in grain quality due to an increase in protein and gluten content.

[0119] Using the proposed MCC also increases sunflower yields by 33-35%, buckwheat by up to 25%, and perennial grasses by up to 25% at an effective rate of 400 to 1600 kg / ha on light sandy, sandy loam, peaty, and floodplain soils. It also optimizes tree root development and increases the survival rate of planting cuttings by 95-96%. Product quality is improved, including marketability of vegetables by up to 20% and fruit and berry crops by up to 15%.

[0120] The use of the proposed MCC, especially on sandy and sandy loam soils, significantly increases the yield of potatoes, sugar and fodder beets, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, garlic, corn, fruit and berry crops, including apple trees, grapes, as well as all flower crops.

[0121] At the same time, when using the proposed MCC, the doses of mandatory application of mineral phosphorus and potassium fertilizers according to plant growing technologies can be reduced by at least 10-20%, depending on the biological characteristics of the crops.

[0122] Experimental studies demonstrate the feasibility of achieving a technical result that increases the effectiveness and broadens the spectrum of action of the proposed ameliorant, simplifies the ameliorant's composition and production (three components instead of four in the prototype), and increases the proportion of production waste in the ameliorant, which improves its environmental friendliness. The proposed composition also allows for a wider range of tools for producing effective, broad-spectrum ameliorants.

[0123] The multi-component nature of the ingredients used in the proposed composition in terms of the content of mineral and organic active additives allows the proposed ameliorant to be used for virtually any type of plant and agricultural crop, as well as on any type of soil, which indicates a wide spectrum of action of the MCC.

[0124] The proposed ameliorant composition was not found in the prior art, and therefore is novel and involves an inventive step. Furthermore, the use of the proposed ameliorant on real natural objects demonstrates the industrial applicability of the proposed invention.

Claims

1. A complex potassium-containing ameliorant, characterized by the fact that it contains mechanically dehydrated clay-salt sludge from potash production (CSPS) with a moisture content of up to 30 wt.% with a potassium chloride content of 8-12 wt.%, a waste product from the production of phosphorus fertilizers - phosphogypsum, as well as peat or sapropel, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: GSSh - 35-40 phosphogypsum - 20-25 peat or sapropel is the rest.

2. An ameliorant according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is produced in a loose, crumbly state with moisture content of no more than 30% by weight or in the form of dry granules of various shapes.