Manual wheelchair

Abstract

FIELD: medical technology.SUBSTANCE: invention relates namely to manual wheelchairs for people with limited mobility, and is intended for their mobilization, verticalization and comfortable placement. The manual wheelchair comprises backrest frame (1), upper seat frame (2), middle seat frame (3) connected to lower frame (4) with wheels by means of front pillar (5) and rear pillar (6), footrest (7) with two heel pads, two armrests (8) with supports, foot pedal (9), hinges (10) connected to rods (11) of a kinematic mechanism, gas lifts (12, 13) controlled by handle (14) located on armrest (15) of the chair, limiters (16) for folding the backrest, gas lift (17) for adjusting the footrest (7), controlled by handle (18) located on lever (19) for unfolding the footrest and a chest belt.EFFECT: improved ergonomic properties are achieved through maximum adaptability during use.6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of medical technology, namely to manual wheelchairs for people with limited mobility, and is intended for their mobilization, verticalization and comfortable placement.

[0002] A quickly unfolding and easily assembled adjustable wheelchair is known (RU 2740222 C1, IPC A61G 5 / 08, published 12 / 01 / 2021), comprising a frame assembly, a seat cushion assembly mounted on the frame assembly, an armrest assembly mounted on the frame assembly on both sides of the seat cushion assembly, a movable footrest connected to the front of the frame assembly, a brake assembly located on the side of the frame assembly, and rear and universal wheels mounted on the frame assembly. The claimed invention provides for the creation of an adjustable wheelchair with quick disassembly and assembly.

[0003] The main disadvantages of this invention are the impossibility of vertical lifting and transformation into a lying position, as well as the difficulty of adjustment, requiring the use of additional tools.

[0004] The MET COMPACT PLUS folding wheelchair with electric drive is well-known: https: / / www.met.ru / goods / 24048 / . It is equipped with an anti-tip device that ensures user safety and prevents the wheelchair from tipping over. The backrest is easily adjustable, allowing you to find the most comfortable position.

[0005] The disadvantages of the presented wheelchair are the complexity of the design, the inability to move the backrest to a horizontal position and dependence on the battery charge.

[0006] A wheelchair with a verticalizer Titan LY-EB103-240 Angel (Titan LY-IBi103-240 Angel) is known: https: / / samara.med-ob.ru / elektrokolyaski / elektro-s-vertikalizatorom, consisting of a frame, rear pneumatic wheels, front cast wheels, an additional wheel for verticalization, a control panel, armrests, a footrest, a calf support, a seat cushion, a chest belt, a headrest, side shields, rear wheel shock absorbers, a push handle, a handbrake, an electromagnetic brake, anti-tip devices, a front headlight, rear brake lights and a signal lamp on the joystick.

[0007] The main disadvantages of this technical solution are the lack of a compensatory displacement system for safe transformation, as well as transformation into a lying position.

[0008] A manually controlled wheelchair is known (CN212235004, IPC A61G 5 / 02, A61G 5 / 10, A61G 12.05, published on 29.12.2020), comprising a frame, the upper surface of the frame is welded to the pushing frame, the surface of the pushing frame is fastened with a lining fabric, the right side of the frame is welded to the leg support frame, the lower part of the frame is made using a welding frame, the lower part of the welding frame is welded to the frame with flat legs, the front part of the welding frame is provided with a support mechanism, the upper surface of the frame is welded to the armrest, the surface of the armrest is welded to a flat plate, the lower part of the frame is provided with an adjustment mechanism, and on the upper surface of the frame the pillow is applied.

[0009] The disadvantages of this wheelchair are the lack of ability to adjust the angle of the backrest, as well as the massiveness of the structure.

[0010] The closest analogue to the proposed invention is the Coraille-E geriatric wheelchair from Vermeiren Coraille (https: / / vermeiren.ru / catalog / geriatricheskie_kresla / kreslo_kolyaska_mnogofunktsionalnoe), which features a thick cushion, a five-point seat belt, a removable headrest, and a wooden tray. The footrests are equipped with gas springs, which facilitate entry and exit, but a single-footrest version is also available as an optional extra. The chair is height-adjustable with a tool and has large rear wheels with a single pedal brake.

[0011] The main disadvantages of this technical solution are the lack of the ability to transform the back of the chair independently of the seat, as well as its large dimensions.

[0012] The technical result of the declared technical solution is an increase in ergonomic properties due to maximum adaptability during use.

[0013] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a manual wheelchair containing a backrest installed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination, a seat, a lower frame with wheels, a footrest installed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination, armrests and a parking brake, is a frame structure that consists of a backrest frame, an upper seat frame, a middle seat frame connected to the lower frame with wheels by means of front pillars and rear pillars and a footrest with two heels, wherein the wheelchair contains a kinematic mechanism that is a set of connections of rods with the backrest frame and the upper seat frame by means of hinges installed with the possibility of converting the rotational movement of the backrest frame into a translational movement of the upper seat frame together with the footrest relative to the middle frame due to guide bearings fixed in the upper seat frame, as well as a compensation mechanism that includes gas lifts,installed with opposite directions of action, with one end of the gas lifts secured to the upper frame of the seat and the other end to the middle frame of the seat, wherein at least one gas lift is connected to the control handle of the compensation mechanism through a system of cables, which is installed in the upper part of the backrest frame, the footrest is pivotally connected to the front part of the upper frame of the seat, in which the gas lift for controlling the footrest is also installed with one side on the upper frame of the seat and the other side on the footrest, wherein the gas lift for controlling the footrest is connected to the control handle of the footrest through a system of cables, located on the front pillar.

[0014] In addition, the backrest is designed with the ability to change the angle of inclination in the range from 95° to 160°.

[0015] In addition, the footrest is designed with the ability to change the angle of inclination in the range from 60° to 180°.

[0016] In addition, the footrest is equipped with heel pads that can be adjusted for reach.

[0017] In addition, the armrests are removable.

[0018] In addition, the upholstery is made with anatomical relief from easy-to-clean medical-grade material.

[0019] The use of a compensation mechanism in combination with a kinematic one significantly improves the ergonomic properties of the technical solution.

[0020] The essence of the invention is explained by the following drawings:

[0021] - Fig. 1 shows the external appearance of a manual wheelchair;

[0022] - Fig. 2 shows a manual wheelchair, rear view;

[0023] - Fig. 3 shows a manual wheelchair, side view;

[0024] - Fig. 4 shows the upper frame of the seat: a) bottom view, b) axonometric projection;

[0025] - Fig. 5 shows the middle frame: a) top view, b) axonometric projection;

[0026] - Fig. 6 shows a sectional view of a manual wheelchair;

[0027] - Fig. 7 shows a general view of a manual wheelchair.

[0028] The manual wheelchair is designed for mobilization, comfortable placement and transportation of a person with disabilities both indoors and outdoors with the help of an accompanying person.

[0029] The manual wheelchair comprises a backrest frame (1), an upper seat frame (2), a middle seat frame (3) connected to a lower frame (4) with wheels by means of a front pillar (5) and a rear pillar (6), a footrest (7) with two heel pads, two armrests (8) with supports, a foot pedal (9), hinges (10) connected to rods (11) of a kinematic mechanism, gas lifts (12, 13) controlled by a handle (14) for controlling the compensating mechanism located on the handle (15) of the chair, limiters (16) for folding the backrest, a gas lift (17) for adjusting the footrest (7), controlled by a handle (18) for controlling the footrest located on the handle (19) for unfolding the footrest and a chest belt.

[0030] The manual wheelchair has the ability to transform and works as follows.

[0031] A pair of armrest posts (8) are symmetrically positioned on each side of the seat, installed in matching holes in the seat's upper frame (2). Their height is adjusted by loosening the wing screws (20), manually moving them, and then securing them by tightening the same wing screws (20).

[0032] The footrest (7) is pivotally connected to the front part of the upper frame (2) of the seat and changes the angle of inclination in the range from 60° to 180°. The drive and fixation are carried out by a gas lift (17), fixed on one side to the upper frame (2) using a bracket (21), and on the other side to the footrest (7) using a bracket (22). Control is carried out by a handle (18) located on the footrest folding handle (19) and connected to the gas lift (17) through a cable system. When pressing the handle (18), a valve opens in the gas lift (17), allowing the compressed gas to move the piston forward, thus pushing the footrest (7) up and raising it. To lower the footrest, you must hold the handle (18) and press on the footrest. Releasing the handle (18) locks the system.

[0033] The footrest pads (7) can be adjusted horizontally. Adjustment is accomplished using the paired wing nuts (23) located on the footrest elements (7). Loosen them, manually adjust the footrest to the desired offset, and then tighten them back down.

[0034] The backrest frame (1) can be adjusted from 95° to 160°. To maintain stability when moving the backrest from a vertical (95°) to a horizontal (160°) position, the system provides a compensating shift of the entire upper part of the chair frame (footrest (7), upper seat frame (2), backrest frame (1)) forward relative to the rear wheels and middle frame (3) due to the kinematic mechanism and compensating mechanism. This keeps the chair's center of gravity in a safe zone, preventing it from tipping backward.

[0035] The kinematic mechanism is a combination of connecting rods (11) with the backrest frame (1) and the upper frame (2) of the seat by means of hinges (10), which convert the rotational movement of the backrest frame (1) into the translational movement of the upper frame (2) of the seat together with the footrest (7). The movement of the upper frame (2) relative to the middle frame (3) is carried out due to the guide bearings (24), along which the upper frame (2) of the seat moves relative to the fixed middle frame (3).

[0036] The compensation mechanism includes gas lifts (12) and (13), installed in opposite directions of action. Gas lift (12) compensates for the force when reclining the backrest, and gas lift (13) compensates for the force when raising it. This makes adjustment smooth and requires minimal physical effort from the accompanying person.

[0037] The gas springs are locked in any intermediate position using the handle (14) located on the chair handle (15). Pressing the handle (14) through a system of cables and brackets releases the locks of the gas spring (12), fixed on one side to the upper frame (2) of the seat using the bracket (25), on the other - to the middle frame (3) using the bracket (26), and the gas spring (13), fixed on one side to the middle frame (3) using the bracket (27), on the other - to the upper frame (2) of the seat using the bracket (28), allowing you to change the position. Releasing the handle (14) leads to a secure locking of the system.

[0038] Smooth operation and locking in any intermediate position are ensured by two gas springs (12) and (13). When the handle (14) is released, the chair backrest is folded to the desired position. The backrest can be lowered until the folding stops (16), located on the rear of the backrest, touch the upper frame (2) of the seat.

[0039] A lever-type parking brake with a pedal drive is mounted on the rear of the lower (4) frame with wheels. Pressing the pedal (9) all the way down locks the rear wheels; lifting the pedal (9) unlocks them.

[0040] Additional elements are included. The backrest upholstery (29), seat upholstery (31), and footrest upholstery (32) are made of high-quality, easy-to-clean medical-grade material and feature anatomical contouring, ensuring comfort during long periods in the wheelchair.

[0041] The manual wheelchair provides four key positions:

[0042] - Position 1 ("Sitting, legs down"): Backrest ≈ 95°, footrest down. Standard position for sitting and moving.

[0043] - Position 2 ("Sitting, legs straight"): Backrest ≈ 95°, footrest raised. Resting position with legs unloaded.

[0044] - Position 3 ("Lying down, legs down"): Backrest ≈ 160°, footrest down. Position for rest or medical procedures.

[0045] - Position 4 ("Lying down, legs straight"): Backrest ≈ 160°, footrest raised. Maximum horizontal position for resting or transporting in a lying position.

[0046] Example of the sequence of actions when moving from position 1 to position 4 and back:

[0047] 1) Press the handle (14) located on the handle (15) of the chair to release the gas lift (12) of the compensation mechanism. Press the handle (15) of the chair to lower the backrest. The gas lifts (12,13) ​​compensate each other's efforts, thereby achieving smooth movement. The kinematic mechanism, the rods (11) of which rotate with the help of hinges (10), converting the rotational movement of the backrest frame (1) into the translational movement of the upper frame (2) of the seat together with the footrest (7). The movement of the upper frame (2) relative to the middle frame (3) is carried out due to the guide bearings (24), along which the upper frame (2) of the seat moves relative to the fixed middle frame (3). Lower the backrest until the stops (16), located on the rear side of the backrest, touch the frame (2) of the chair. Release the handle (14) located on the chair handle. The chair back is reclined.

[0048] 2) Press the handle (18) located on the pillar (5) of the lower frame (4) with wheels to release the gas lift (17). The footrest (7) will automatically begin to rise until it reaches its highest position. Release the handle (18) when the footrest (7) reaches the desired highest position. The chair footrest is raised.

[0049] 3) Press the brake pedal (9), located at the rear of the lower frame (4) of the chair, until it stops. The chair's parking brake is engaged.

[0050] 4) Loosen the wing nuts (20) located on the left and right sides of the chair seat to release the height adjustment of the armrests (8). Manually set the desired armrest height. Tighten the wing nuts (20) located on the left and right sides of the chair seat. The armrests are now adjusted.

[0051] 5) Loosen the wing nuts (23) located on the left and right sides of the chair's footrest (7) to release the footrest extension adjustment. Manually set the desired footrest extension. Tighten the wing nuts (23) located on the left and right sides of the chair's seat. The footrest is now adjusted.

[0052] This positions the chair in position 4 and makes it ready for use. Next, return the chair to position 1.

[0053] 6) Press the handle (14) located on the armrest (15) of the chair to release the gas lift (12) of the compensation mechanism. Pull the armrest (15) upward until the chair back reaches its maximum vertical position. Release the handle (14). The chair back is folded.

[0054] 7) Press the handle (18) located on the pillar (5) of the lower frame (4) with wheels to release the gas lift (17). Press the footrest (7) with your hand, holding the handle (18) until the footrest is in its maximum folded position or the desired position. Release the handle (18). The footrest of the chair is lowered.

[0055] 8) Press the brake pedal all the way up. The seat's parking brake is released.

[0056] 9) The chair is ready to move.

Claims

1. A manual wheelchair comprising a backrest mounted with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination, a seat, a lower frame with wheels, a footrest mounted with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination, armrests and a parking brake, characterized in that the manual wheelchair is a frame structure that consists of a backrest frame, an upper seat frame, a middle seat frame connected to a lower frame with wheels by means of front pillars and rear pillars and a footrest with two heels, wherein the wheelchair contains a kinematic mechanism that is a set of connections of rods with the backrest frame and the upper seat frame by means of hinges installed with the possibility of converting the rotational motion of the backrest frame into a translational motion of the upper seat frame together with the footrest relative to the middle frame due to guide bearings fixed in the upper seat frame, as well as a compensation mechanism that includes gas lifts,installed with opposite directions of action, with one end of the gas lifts secured to the upper frame of the seat and the other end to the middle frame of the seat, wherein at least one gas lift is connected to the control handle of the compensation mechanism through a system of cables, which is installed in the upper part of the backrest frame, the footrest is pivotally connected to the front part of the upper frame of the seat, in which the gas lift for controlling the footrest is also installed with one side on the upper frame of the seat and the other side on the footrest, wherein the gas lift for controlling the footrest is connected to the control handle of the footrest through a system of cables, located on the front pillar.

2. A manual wheelchair according to claim 1, characterized in that the backrest is designed with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination in the range from 95° to 160°.

3. A manual wheelchair according to claim 1, characterized in that the footrest is designed with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination in the range from 60° to 180°.

4. A manual wheelchair according to claim 1, characterized in that the footrest is equipped with footrests that can be adjusted for reach.

5. A manual wheelchair according to claim 1, characterized in that the armrests are removable.

6. A manual wheelchair according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the upholstery is made with an anatomical relief from an easily washable material for medical purposes.

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