Method of growing eggplant using plant protection against colorado potato beetle in the northwestern caspian region

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: in this method, in October, after harvesting the predecessor, the main tillage and ploughing are carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m using an “МТЗ”-1021 tractor + “ПЛН”-4-35 plough. In spring, harrowing is carried out using the “МТЗ”-1021+”СП”-11 tractor, pre-planting cultivation is carried out using the “МТЗ”-1021+”КПС”-5, processing is carried out using the “Ф”-200+”MT3”-1021 cutter, drip tapes are laid out, and eggplant seedlings are planted manually at a planting density of 57.0 thousand pcs / ha. Watering is carried out using a drip irrigation system. When the harmfulness threshold is reached, eggplant plantings are sprayed twice with the insecticide Break, “MЭ” at a consumption rate of 0.1 kg / ha and a working solution of 400 l / ha. Mineral fertilizers N180 P90 K60 are applied with irrigation water using drip irrigation.EFFECT: guaranteed increase in yield with a two-fold application of the Break preparation at a consumption rate of 0.1 kg / ha during the eggplant growing season.1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in intensive technology for protecting eggplant crops from the Colorado potato beetle using drip irrigation.

[0002] A method for protecting vegetative nightshade plants from harmful insects is known. Patent for invention No. 2245044. A01N 63 / 00. Application 2002134147 / 13. Kvasenkov O.I.

[0003] The disadvantages of this method include the lack of effectiveness of the biological control method against the Colorado potato beetle, without the use of chemicals, which cannot fully contribute to the protection of eggplant plantings and the formation of high yield indicators of the cultivated crop.

[0004] There is a known method based on the selection of effective insecticides for the protection of eggplants. This method includes an assessment of the biological effectiveness of the following preparations: Regent VDG (800 g / kg); Aktara, VDG (250 g / kg); Confidor, VRK (200 g / l) when growing eggplant of the Albatross variety. Over the years of research, the greatest effect was obtained with the option using the insecticide Regent, VDG (800 g / kg), which reduces the number of pests during the first two weeks after treatment by an average of 97%. Scientific article. Bayrambekov Sh.B., Dubrovin N.K., Basem Mohammed Ahmed El Dafrawi. Selection of effective insecticides for the protection of eggplant from the Colorado potato beetle in the conditions of the Astrakhan region / / Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. No. 8 (87), 2011. - P. 5.

[0005] The disadvantages of this method are that the work is aimed only at suppressing the number of harmful objects (Colorado potato beetle), while the yield indicators are very low, since the experiment did not include the introduction of any doses of mineral fertilizers.

[0006] A method for protecting eggplant from the Colorado potato beetle is known. The aim of the work was to develop technological methods for using growth regulators and a new system for protecting eggplant from the Colorado potato beetle and to determine the threshold of its harmfulness, taking into account the sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements for the conditions of the south of Russia. The following preparations were studied in the experiment on selecting effective insecticides and their use to protect against the Colorado potato beetle: Bankol, SP (500 g / kg) (standard); Regent, VDG (800 g / kg); Aktara, VDG (250 g / kg); Confidor, VRK (200 g / l); Lepidocide (BA-3000 EA / mg, titer of at least 60 billion spores / ha); Biostat, EC (250 g / l). Based on the results of the study, the authors recommended using the insecticide Regent, VDG (800 g / kg) at a rate of 0.025 kg / ha to combat Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences: 06.01.01. Basem Mohamed Ahmed Eldafrawy.Eggplant productivity depending on the use of insecticides and growth regulators [Place of protection: Astrakhan state University]. - Astrakhan, 2011. - 149 p.: ill.

[0007] This method was adopted by us as the closest analogue.

[0008] The disadvantage of the presented method is that the growth regulators used, combined with various insecticides without the use of mineral fertilizers, do not produce high yields. Furthermore, the insecticides used are not of the latest generation.

[0009] The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

[0010] The method of growing eggplant using protection of plantings from the Colorado potato beetle, preferably in the light chestnut soil zone of the northwestern Caspian region, includes the consistent implementation of generally accepted agricultural practices. To prepare the soil for growing eggplant in the fall, plowing was carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m using an MTZ-1021 tractor and a PLN-4-35 plow. In the spring, harrowing was carried out using an MTZ-1021 tractor and an SP-11. Pre-planting cultivation was also carried out using an MTZ-1021 + KPS-5. Before planting, seedlings were processed with an F-200 + MTZ-1021 cutter. Then, the soil was laid out.

[0011] A method for protecting eggplant from the Colorado potato beetle is known. The aim of the work was to develop technological methods for using growth regulators and a new system for protecting eggplant from the Colorado potato beetle and to determine the threshold of its harmfulness, taking into account the sanitary, hygienic and economic requirements for the conditions of the south of Russia. The following preparations were studied in the experiment on selecting effective insecticides and their use to protect against the Colorado potato beetle: Bankol, SP (500 g / kg) (standard); Regent, VDD 800 g / kg); Aktara, VDG (250 g / kg); Confidor, VRK (200 g / l); Lepidocide (BA-3000 EA / mg, titer of at least 60 billion, spores / ha); Biostat, EC (250 g / l). Based on the results of the study, the authors recommended using the insecticide Regent, VDG (800 g / kg) at a rate of 0.025 kg / ha to combat Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae. Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences: 06.01.01. Basem Mohamed Ahmed Eldafrawy.Eggplant productivity depending on the use of insecticides and growth regulators [Place of protection: Astrakhan state University]. - Astrakhan, 2011. - 149 p.: ill.

[0012] We have adopted this method as the closest alternative. The disadvantage of this method is that the growth regulators used, combined with various insecticides without the addition of mineral fertilizers, do not produce high yields. Furthermore, the insecticides used are not new-generation products.

[0013] The essence of the claimed invention is as follows. I. The method of cultivating eggplant using protection of plantings from the Colorado potato beetle, preferably in the zone of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region, includes the consistent implementation of generally accepted agricultural practices. To prepare the soil for growing eggplant in October, after harvesting the predecessor, the main tillage is carried out, plowing to a depth of 0.25 - 0.27 m with an MTZ-1021 tractor + PLN - 4-35 plow, harrowing in the spring was carried out with an MTZ-1021 + SP - 11 tractor, pre-planting cultivation MTZ-1021 + KPS-5, processing with an F - 200 + MTZ - 1021 cutter. Then, drip tapes were laid out.

[0014] Eggplant seedlings were planted manually at a planting density of 57,000 seedlings per hectare. Irrigation was via a drip irrigation system. Treatment for the Colorado potato beetle included two sprays with various insecticides (Borey Neo, SK, Break, ME, Tyra, KE) using a working solution when the pesticide threshold was reached.

[0015] The experimental design also included the use of mineral fertilizers. Double superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied as the primary fertilizers, while ammonium nitrate was added with irrigation water during the flowering and fruiting stages using fertigation, ensuring a balanced micronutrient composition in the final product. The total amount of mineral fertilizer applied during the growing season was N. 180 P 90 K 60 .

[0016] Technical result - ensuring a guaranteed increase in yield with a two-fold application of the Break, ME preparation with a preparation consumption of 0.1 kg / ha during the eggplant growing season.

[0017] The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a field experiment during the cultivation of eggplant, resource-saving techniques were developed, based on the implementation of protective measures aimed at combating the Colorado potato beetle.

[0018] Eggplant seedlings were planted within the established agroclimatic timeframe, in the first ten days of May. The eggplant seedlings were treated with various fungicides, along with mineral fertilizers, under drip irrigation, when the ETP was reached.

[0019] The application rate of Borey Neo, SC was 200 mg / ha, Break, ME insecticide – 0.1 kg / ha, and Tyra, EC – 0.1 kg / ha. The treatment method was two sprays with the working solution of the preparations.

[0020] According to the experimental design, mineral fertilizers were additionally applied during the growing season. Double superphosphate and potassium chloride were used as the primary fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate was added as a top dressing with irrigation water during the flowering and fruiting phases of eggplant using fertigation, ensuring a balanced micronutrient composition in the final product. The total amount of mineral fertilizer applied during the eggplant growing season was N 180 P 90 K 60 .

[0021] The described method, during the study on the cultivation of the eggplant variety Khalif, aimed at treating vegetative plants in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle against the background of the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N 180 P 90 K 60 revealed high yield indicators, and, accordingly, the biological effectiveness of the preparation in the variant with treatment with the insecticide Brek, KE.

[0022] The stated problem is solved by the fact that for the first time in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region the effect of insecticides in the treatment of eggplant plantings in the fight against the Colorado potato beetle was studied against the background of the application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N 180 P 90 K 60 under drip irrigation conditions on the yield of the cultivated crop.

[0023] Object and material of study

[0024] Study Object: The Khalif eggplant is a mid-season variety. The fruits are elongated, club-shaped, medium in length and small in diameter, dark purple in color with a glossy surface. Spines on the calyx are either absent or very rare. The flesh is white, without a bitter taste. Each fruit weighs 230-250 grams.

[0025] Study material:

[0026] Borey Neo, SC is a unique three-component insecticide for protecting vegetable, fruit, and forest crops from a range of pests. Formulation: suspension concentrate. Active ingredient content: 125 g / l alpha-cypermethrin + 100 g / l imidacloprid + 50 g / l clothianidin. Spraying during the growing season. Application rate: 100–200 mg / ha. Working fluid consumption: 200–400 l / ha.

[0027] Brake, ME - insecticide for a wide range of crops. Formulation: ME. Active ingredient content: 100 g / l lambda-cyhalothrin. Application rate: 0.07...0.1 kg / ha. Spray during the growing season. Working fluid consumption: 200...400 l / ha.

[0028] Tayra, EC - insecticide for a wide range of crops. Active ingredient: chlorpyrifos. Concentration: 480 g / l. Chemical class: Organophosphorus compounds (OPC). Formulation: Emulsifiable concentrate. Spraying during the growing season. Application rate: 0.07...0.1 kg / ha. Working fluid consumption: 200...400 l / ha.

[0029] The experiment was conducted in triplicate. The area of ​​1 plot was 25 m. 2 The Khalif eggplant seedlings were planted in early May. Growing techniques followed standard recommendations for the region.

[0030] The Colorado potato beetle count on eggplant plants was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Registration Testing of Pesticides for Biological Efficacy. The Henderson-Tilton formula (1955) was used to calculate biological efficacy

[10] .

[0031] 1) accounting before spraying;

[0032] 2) accounting - on the 3rd day after processing;

[0033] 3) accounting - 14 days after processing.

[0034] A three-year study found that applying the new-generation insecticide Break, ME at a dose of 0.1 kg / ha significantly reduces Colorado potato beetle infestations on eggplants. Treatments began in the first ten days of July, when the plants were in the active flowering and fruiting phases.

[0035] At that time, the number of larvae varied between 5 and 6 per plant, which corresponded to the established threshold for damage determined in previous studies at a permanent site. This number of larvae could have caused serious damage to plants if control measures were not taken.

[0036] Three years of research tested various insecticides, all of which demonstrated high biological efficacy in protecting eggplant from both adult and larval Colorado potato beetles. The efficacy of these products persisted for two weeks after treatment and ranged from 50.6% to 82.4%.

[0037] The most effective insecticide was Break, ME at a dose of 0.1 kg / ha, which in the first week after treatment reduced the number of pests by an average of 91.7%. This makes it one of the best means for controlling the Colorado potato beetle, especially during critical periods of plant growth and development. All obtained data were statistically verified, which confirms their reliability (Table 1). The maximum values ​​​​for the number of fruits per 1 plant - 13 pcs., 1 fruit weight - 278.7 g, and fruit weight per 1 plant were obtained with the option using Break, EC. The yield increase compared to the control was also maximum for this option + 29.7 t / ha with a marketability of fruits of 99.4% (Tables 2, 3). The yield was 90.6 t / ha.

[0038] It is important to note that for the other options, the yield was at the level of 76.9...81.3 t / ha.

[0039] Using the proposed techniques will improve the protection of eggplant crops from the Colorado potato beetle, thereby increasing yields in the light chestnut soils of the Northwestern Caspian region.

[0040]

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