Drainage body

Abstract

The invention presents a drainage body which has two substantially identically formed surface-area units, namely a base unit and a substantially identically formed cover unit, which can be connected to one another in an installed state via spacer elements. It is proposed to design the surface-area units such that they can be stacked in a substantially interengaging manner such that the spacing between the surface-area units in the installed state is substantially greater than the spacing therebetween in the stacked state, wherein the spacer elements are substantially in the form of a, for example, truncated cone or truncated pyramid with a circumscribed cross-sectional surface area which decreases as the spacing from the surface-area units increases. As an alternative to this, provision may be made for the spacer elements to be arranged on the surface-area units such that the base units and the cover units can be laid to overlap one another in the manner of a masonrywork assembly. This gives rise to a high level of stability with, at the same time, space-saving storage capability and transportation capability.

Description

Trench bodies Description The invention relates to a trench body according to the preamble of Claim 1. It should be mentioned at this point that the invention also relates to a trench unit, which consists of a multitude of such trench bodies and additional, related equipment. Sealing surfaces significantly impairs the groundwater balance. Furthermore, runoff from surface water and rainwater must be drained and treated in wastewater treatment plants. To address this problem, infiltration systems are constructed, consisting of such trench elements. These trench elements are known, for example, from the following publications: DE 20 2005 010 090 Ul; DE 202 21 567 Ul; DE 10 2005 056 131 AI; EP 162 60 640 Bl; DE 43 04 609 AI, EP 0 787 865 Bl; EP 09 43 737 Bl; EP 1 416 099 Bl; DE 697 00 174 T2; DE 299 24 050 Ul; EP 1 469 133 A2; EP 1 887 145 AI; EP 1 452 653 Bl. These known trench elements or Infiltration systems have limited stability. Furthermore, there is a significant problem regarding transport and storage, as the On the one hand, trench units should have the largest possible storage volume, but on the other hand, this also increases the storage and stacking volume. From DE 201 05 694 Ul, a water storage and retention system is known, which is constructed from perforated shells with truncated pyramid-shaped widening side walls. This ensures good stackability. However, the known system is suitable for supporting higher loads only if the individual elements are relatively small. Furthermore, it is not possible to construct water-conducting units from several such water storage boxes. From EP 0 612 888 AI, it is known to use specific molds or casting devices for constructing water drainage systems. However, the method described therein is expensive and complex. The invention is based on the objective of designing a trench body according to the EP 1 452 653 Bl to be further developed in such a way that high stability is ensured. This problem is solved by a trench body according to claim 1. In particular, this task is solved by a trench body comprising at least two substantially identically shaped surface units, namely a bottom unit and a substantially identically shaped cover unit, which can be connected to each other at an installation distance via spacer elements, wherein the spacer elements are arranged on the surface units in such a way that the The bottom units and the lid units overlap each other in the manner of a They can be laid in a masonry bond. This special design of the spacer elements ensures that the surface units are significantly more stable in relation to one another. This allows not only for the absorption of higher surface loads, but also for the construction of taller infiltration systems capable of (temporarily) storing larger volumes of water, while maintaining stability. Preferably, the spacer elements have a substantially truncated cone or truncated pyramid shape with a circumscribed have a cross-sectional area that decreases with increasing distance from the area units. It is particularly advantageous if a large number of area units are available. The units are stackable and interlocking. Furthermore, the design of the surface units, such that the base and lid consist of identical components, improves storage and transport while reducing manufacturing costs. The spacer elements are preferably designed as hollow bodies with an inner cross-section that is congruent with the outer cross-section in such a way that the spacer elements can be inserted into one another when stacked. Thus, when stacked, the spacer elements do not sit next to each other but inside one another, so that larger groups of surface units form self-contained, stable units. Preferably, the Spacer elements designed as hollow bodies and together with the Area units formed in one piece. The spacers preferably have plug / socket fixing sections distributed in such a way that these interlock when installed. This further increases the stability of stacked surface elements. The surface units are stackable in such an interlocking manner that the installation distance between the surface units is significantly greater than their distance when stacked. Alternatively, some fixing sections, e.g., the socket fixing sections, can be located within the surface units, while the other fixing sections are located on the spacers. The spacers preferably have locking devices for interlocking the spacers with each other or for locking the spacers with the surface units in the installed state. This means that each base and its corresponding cover already form stable units that can thus be assembled into larger "double floors". The surface units preferably also have knockout sections for forming inspection openings, preferably including load distribution elements for The system is designed to place and support an inspection cover over the inspection opening. This allows even larger infiltration systems to be cleaned periodically so that sludge and fine particles that impede infiltration can be flushed out and vacuumed up. Due to their conical shape, the spacers already exhibit very high stability with regard to buckling and kinking. However, stiffening elements are preferably attached to the outer surfaces of the spacers to further increase their stability. In particular, the outer surfaces are provided with corrugations that run parallel to the longitudinal axes of the spacers. Overall, wave-like area units are then created, similar to a "Pudding shape." This achieves a significant increase in the stability of the spacer elements, particularly against lateral forces, in a simple manner. Preferably, side walls are provided that are designed to connect the base and cover units to each other. They can be fastened. This allows for the creation of completely enclosed structures, except for water drainage openings, which can be installed as hollow bodies in the ground. It is particularly advantageous if the side walls have side wall supports which, after the side walls are connected to the base units and the top units, engage with the spacers to support the side walls. This transfers the forces acting on the side walls into the spacers, thus achieving significant stiffening of the side walls via the existing spacers. The area units preferably have, in particular, edge-side Connection devices for horizontal and / or vertical connection with other surface units and / or for attaching side walls. These connection devices are preferably designed such that, for example, two surface units can be stacked on top of each other and connected, allowing systems of any height to be constructed. Furthermore, the surface units can be connected horizontally, enabling the construction of essentially any size and shape of surface. Finally, walls can be inserted at the edges, allowing for the creation of large-volume systems. Hollow bodies are created. The wall elements can also be used for stabilization in the vertical direction. The connecting elements are preferably designed such that the surface units have edges free of protrusions. This ensures that the aforementioned systems are built without gaps, which improves the stability of the systems. The spacer elements can be provided as separate elements. Preferably, however, the spacer elements are designed as hollow bodies and formed in one piece together with the surface units. This measure offers a particularly cost-effective way to manufacture the infiltration trench bodies from plastic using known manufacturing processes. Preferably, a variety of additional elements are provided with which the infiltration trench bodies can be assembled into infiltration trench systems. These include, in particular, cover elements for covering openings in the Area units are provided. For example, these are openings in the area of ​​the support elements designed as hollow bodies. Therefore, if the spacer elements designed as hollow bodies have openings for the passage of water to seep through, the cover elements provided for these will also be provided with openings so that the water to seep through these covers can also penetrate into the surrounding soil. It is now possible to assemble individual, box-shaped infiltration trench sections and connect them to larger units using their edge-mounted connectors. However, increased stability is achieved particularly when the base and cover units are installed in a staggered pattern similar to brickwork. For this purpose, the spacers and / or the plug-in fixing sections and the socket fixing sections are arranged on the base units in such a way that the base and cover units can be laid overlapping each other. It is possible to lay the individual units at a 90° angle. The advantages of this installation method correspond to those resulting from the construction of... such an arrangement is known in masonry. This arrangement results in particular when the following rules are observed: a) The arrangement of identically designed fixing sections on one half of the unit area is a mirror image with respect to a diagonal of this half of the unit area; b) The arrangement of the fixing sections is a mirror image with respect to a first c) With respect to a second area bisector of the area unit, the The arrangement of the fixing sections is inverted, so that at one The other fixing section is located in the mirrored position. It follows from the above that a trench system is also claimed, comprising a plurality of trench bodies of the described type. This trench system includes bottom units with which cover units are connected to one another in an overlapping manner, similar to a brickwork bond. Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Fig. 1 shows a top view of an area unit in a view corresponding to line II from Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows a section through the unit area according to Fig. 1 along the line II-II from Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a bottom view of a unit area according to Fig. 1 in a view along line III-III from Fig. 2, Fig. 4 shows a top view of a lid for covering an opening as shown in Figs. 1 to 3. Fig. 5 shows a partial view of a wall element, Fig. 6 shows a view of the area unit according to Figs. 1 to 3 in a View along line VI-VI from Fig. 1, Figs. 7 to 9 are sectional views corresponding to Fig. 2 on two surface units in different states, namely once stacked (Fig. 7), in a state shortly before assembly (Fig. 8), and in assembled state (Fig. 9), Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of area X from Fig. 9, Fig. 11 is a schematic representation of the assembly of cover units on Ground units in the formation, Fig. 12 is a top view corresponding to that of Fig. 1, but on a different plane. embodiment of the invention, Fig. 13 a side view of a load distribution element, 14 a bottom view of the load distribution element according to Fig. 13 along line XIV-XIV from Fig. 13, 15 a top view of a group of surface units according to Fig. 12, which have been assembled to form a base unit, and a group of such surface units which have been assembled to form a cover unit and which can be folded onto the base unit, 16 to 19 schematic representations of arrangements of plug and Bushing fixing sections, Figures 20 and 21 show two perspective views of another embodiment of Area units, 22 a completed trench body with two open side walls and 23 a partially cut trench body similar to that shown in Fig. 22. In the following description, the same reference numbers are used for identical and equivalent parts. The area unit shown in Figs. 1 to 6 is, so to speak, a "minimal element" which, as area unit 10, has a grid structure from which frustoconical spacer elements 20, 20' project. Spacers 20 and 20' have differently shaped end sections. Spacer 20 has a plug end section 21, and spacer 20' has a socket end section 22. These end sections are dimensioned such that a plug end section 21 can be inserted into a socket end section 22. Furthermore, the spacer elements 20, 20' have such congruent inner and The outer cross-sections show that they can be inserted into one another. Furthermore, the surface units 10 have edges 17 which are shaped in such a continuous manner that when surface units 10 are placed next to each other, they lie essentially without gaps. To connect the adjacent surface units 10, retaining grooves 41 are provided in the edge regions of the surface units, into which connecting pins 42 (see Fig. 3) can be inserted. Thus, when two adjacent surface units 10 are assembled, a connecting pin 42 sits in two adjacent retaining grooves 41. To enable the stacking of two surface units 10 on top of each other (with the spacer elements 20 projecting in opposite directions), additional connecting pins 42 (not shown in the figures) are shown, which have only half the cross-section of a connecting pin 42 shown here, so that the connecting pin does not protrude beyond the edge 17 of the stacked surface sections 10.If two such groups of superimposed surface units 10 are to be connected to each other on their entire sides, connecting pins are provided which have twice the height of connecting pins which only serve to “connect horizontally” surface units 10. In order to attach the side walls 15 (see Fig. 5), the The surface units 10 have, on the one hand, edge grooves 16 and, on the other hand, insertion pins 44 which can be inserted into insertion openings 43 of the side walls 15. The edges of the side walls 15 are shaped in such a way that when a side wall 15 is connected to a surface unit 10, the side wall 15 does not protrude beyond the edge 17 of the surface unit 10. To close openings 23, 23' (see Fig. 2 and 3), covers 35 (see Fig. 4) are provided. The surface units shown in Figures 1 to 3, 5, and 6 are schematically represented again in section in Figures 7 to 10 (similar to Figure 2). In Figure 7, two surface units 10 are nested inside one another. The resulting height Ds, i.e., the stacking height, is only slightly greater than the height of a single unit. Area unit plus the height of the spacer elements 20, 20'. To attach two surface units 10 to each other to form a trench body, one surface unit 10 is turned relative to the other surface unit 10, resulting in the arrangement shown in Fig. 8. In this arrangement, a spacer element 20, which has a plug end section 21 at its upper edge, faces a spacer element 20', which has a socket end section 22. These end sections can be inserted into one another, as shown in Fig. 9, so that the surface units 10 then form a base unit 11 and a cover unit 12. The plug end sections 21 and the socket end sections 22 have teeth 24 and notches 25, respectively, which interlock, as shown in Fig. 10, so that the base unit 11 is connected to the cover unit 12 via the spacer elements 20 and 20'.Two surface units 10, when connected to each other via the spacer elements 20 and the locking devices 24, 25, already form solid bodies whose stability is ensured in all respects. Directions are ensured. Here, the installation distance DE is considerably larger than the stacking distance Ds. Figure 11 shows how the different area units are arranged in the grid. can be assembled. It can be seen from this figure that the cover units 12 are mounted on the base units 11, offset from them, so that the arrangement of three surface units 10, 10', 10" shown on the right in Fig. 11 is connected to form a single body which (extending to the left in Fig. 11) can be continued as desired. This contributes to a significant increase in the stability of such an overall arrangement. The area unit shown in Fig. 12 in a top view similar to that shown in Fig. 1 differs from the previously described area unit primarily in that it is not a “minimal area unit”, but is made up of a total of four such area units (in one piece). Furthermore, for the area unit 10 according to Figs. 12 to 14, a series of Breakout sections 13 are provided, which, although they have grates like the rest, Area unit 10 are covered, but from the surrounding material These openings can be broken out. Such openings serve as inspection access points to the interior of the infiltration trenches. After such infiltration trenches are installed in the ground, i.e., covered with a layer of soil, Load distribution elements 30 are provided, which are designed for such broken-out areas. Breakout sections 13 can be attached. These load distribution elements 30 have a cuttable pipe section 31, which can be closed at its upper end by means of a (not shown) conventional (cast iron) cover, so that an inspection opening 34 is formed after removal of the cover. Support arms 32 are provided at the lower end of the load distribution element 30, which serve to transfer forces acting on the upper end (or on the attached cover) over as large an area as possible across the surface unit 10. It should be noted at this point that the details described above, such as the connecting devices 41 and 43, are also to be present in the embodiment according to Figs. 12 to 14, but are not shown for the sake of simplicity. It follows from the above that with the surface units 10 presented here and their spacer elements 20, any desired spaces and channels can be created, which are only enclosed at their outer perimeter by side walls 15 (see Fig. 5). If one wishes to increase the stability of the bodies thus created, side walls can also be attached to their interior. An assembly of several surface units according to Fig. 12 is shown in Fig. 15. On the left side of Fig. 15, a bottom unit 11 is shown, and on the right, a cover unit 12 is shown. When the cover unit 12 is folded onto the bottom unit 11, so that the plug fixing sections 21 engage with the socket fixing sections By inserting 22, a trench body is created which, through assembly in a staggered formation, is extremely stable in itself even without additional bonding of the bottom unit 11 and the cover unit 12 forming the surface units 10. Figures 16 to 19 show various examples of how the “Opposing” fixing devices, i.e., the plug fixing devices 21 and the socket fixing devices 22, are to be arranged so that, on the one hand, the Area units can form both floor units and cover units, while on the other hand, assembly can take place in a group. A further embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to Figs. 20 to 21. 23 explained in more detail. These illustrations show individual elements. Surface units or infiltration trench bodies are shown, which are constructed from individual surface units. However, it follows from the preceding explanations that such individual elements can be combined with other individual elements to form larger infiltration trench bodies. The surface units or infiltration trench bodies according to Figures 20 to 23 differ from the previous embodiments primarily in that the Spacer elements not smooth but with grooves 26 or wave-shaped The surfaces are equipped with lateral surfaces. This results in significantly increased stability, especially against transverse loads and buckling or bulging. The side walls have side wall supports 18 which, when assembled (see Figs. 22 and 23), brace the side walls 15 against the spacer elements. Reference is also made here to Figs. 8 and 9, which show in principle how such a bracing system works. This design ensures a significant increase in the stability of the infiltration trench bodies and an increase in their resistance to lateral loads. Furthermore, it can be seen from Figures 20 to 23 that the surface units 10 and side walls 15 are constructed as honeycomb structures, thus offering both good water permeability and high stability. Finally, the surface units 10 and the side walls 15 have the breakout sections 13 already described above, through which connections of pipelines can be made or inspection openings can be created. List of reference signs 10 area units 11 floor unit 12 lid unit 13 Breakout section 15 side wall 16 Edge groove 17 Rand 18 Side wall support 20, 20' spacer element 21 Plug fixing section 22 Bushing fixing section 23, 23' Opening 24 teeth 25 notch 26 stiffening rib 30 load distribution element 31 Pipe section 32 Support arm 34 Revision opening 35 lids 41 Holding groove 42 connecting pins 43 Insertion opening 44 insertion pins DE Installation distance Ds Stapelabstand

Claims

Claims 1. Infiltration trench body comprising at least two substantially identically shaped surface units (10), namely a bottom unit (11) and a substantially identically shaped cover unit (12), which can be connected to each other at an installation distance (DE) via spacer elements (20), dadu rc hge know that the spacer elements (20, 20') are arranged on the surface units (10) such that the floor units (11) and the cover units (12) can be laid overlapping each other in the manner of a masonry bond.

2. Trench body according to claim 1, dadu rc hge know that the spacer elements (20) essentially have a shape, e.g. frustoconical or truncated pyramidal, with a circumscribed exhibit cross-sectional areas that increase in distance from the Area units (10) become smaller.

3. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, dadu rc hge know that the spacer elements (20) are designed as hollow bodies and are formed in one piece together with the surface units (10).

4. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, dadu rc hge know that the surface units (10) are stackable in such a uniform orientation and preferably without offset, such that the installation distance (DE) of the The area units (10) are significantly larger than their distance (Ds) from each other when stacked.

5. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 2, dadu rch ge ke nn ze ichn et, that the spacer elements (20) and / or the surface units (10) have such distributed plug / socket fixing sections (21, 22) that the respective complementary fixing sections (21, 22) interlock in the installed state.

6. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5, dadu rc hge know that the mutually complementary fixing sections (21, 22) are arranged on a surface unit (10) such that the following rules apply: a) The arrangement of identically designed fixing sections (21, 22) on one half of the surface unit (10) is mirror-image with respect to the a) Diagonals of this half of the area unit (10); b) The arrangement of the fixing sections (21, 22) is mirrored with respect to a first area bisector of the area unit (10); c) With respect to the second area bisector of the area unit (10), the arrangement of the fixing sections (21, 22) is inverted, so that the other fixing section (21, 22) is located at a mirrored position.

7. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 5 or 6, I knew that the fixing sections (21, 22) have locking devices (24, 25) for locking the spacer elements (20) to each other and / or for locking the spacer elements (20) to the surface units (10) in the installed state.

8. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, dadu rc hge know that the surface units (10) have breakout sections (13) for forming inspection openings (34) and that load distribution elements (30) are provided for placing on the inspection opening (34) and for supporting the cover.

9. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, dadu rc hge know that the spacer elements (20, 20') have stiffening elements on their lateral surfaces, in particular stiffening beads (26) for buckling and flexural stiffening.

10. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, dadu rc hge know that Side walls (15) are provided and designed in such a way that they can be attached to the bottom units (11) and lid units (12) in a way that connects them to each other.

11. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 10, dadu rc hge know that the side walls (15) have side wall supports (18) which, after connecting the side walls (15) with the bottom units (11) and the cover units (12), engage with the spacer elements (20, 20') preferably at their ends to support the side walls (15).

12. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, dadu rc hge know that the area units (10) in particular edge connection devices (41, 43) for horizontal and / or vertical connection with other have area units (10) and / or for attaching side walls (15).

13. Trench body according to one of the preceding claims, ge ke nn ze ichn et du rch Deckelelemente (35) zum dem decken von Löchern in den Flächeneinheiten (10) im Bereich der Abstandelemente (20). Trench bodies, comprising several essentially identically shaped Surface units (10), namely bottom units (11) and substantially identically shaped cover units (12), in particular trench bodies according to one of the preceding claims, dadu rc hge know that The floor units (11) and the cover units (12) are connected to each other in an overlapping manner in the manner of a masonry bond.