Plug connectors, plug-in structures, and motor vehicles.

Abstract

The present invention provides a plug terminal, a plug structure and a motor vehicle, wherein the plug terminal comprises a terminal lamination, the terminal lamination comprises at least two connecting arms, each connecting arm comprises an overhanging end and a fixed end, the fixed ends of the connecting arms are fixedly connected together, and a plug groove is formed between two adjacent connecting arms; and the overhanging end is provided with a conductive contact portion. By means of the present invention, the technical problem whereby a clamping terminal is prone to electrical connection failure when subjected to an external force or a long-time insertion vibration is solved.

Description

Plug terminal, plug structure and motor vehicle

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese invention patent with patent application number 202110944154.6, application date August 17, 2021, and invention name “Plug-in terminal, plug-in structure and motor vehicle”. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrical connection elements, in particular to a plug-in terminal, a plug-in structure and a motor vehicle. Background Art

[0004] Sheet terminals and clamping terminals are commonly used conductive components for plug-in connection. Clamping terminals utilize the elasticity of metal plates for clamping. When subjected to external forces or prolonged vibration during plug-in connection, the metal plates can easily deform or lose their elasticity, resulting in electrical connection failure and the inability to function properly.

[0005] Therefore, the technical field of electrical connection elements urgently needs a plug-in terminal with stable connection, which will not cause electrical connection failure when the clamping terminal is subjected to external force or long-term insertion vibration.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a plug-in terminal, a plug-in structure and a motor vehicle, so as to alleviate the technical problem that electrical connection failure is easily caused when the clamping terminal is subjected to external force or long-term plug-in vibration.

[0008] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a plug-in terminal, comprising a terminal stack, wherein the terminal stack comprises at least two connecting arms, wherein the connecting arms comprise an overhanging end and a fixed end, the fixed ends of the connecting arms are fixedly connected together, and a plug-in slot is provided between two adjacent connecting arms; and the overhanging end is provided with a conductive contact portion.

[0010] The present invention provides a plug-in structure, comprising the above-mentioned plug-in terminal and a mating terminal plugged with the plug-in terminal.

[0011] The present invention provides a motor vehicle comprising the above-mentioned plug-in terminal.

[0012] The present invention provides a motor vehicle comprising the above-mentioned plug-in structure.

[0013] The characteristics and advantages of the present invention are:

[0014] The plug-in terminal can be plugged into and mated with the plug-in terminal. In the plug-in terminal, the connecting arms of multiple terminal stacks are stacked and arranged. The plug-in terminal can be plugged into the plug-in slot, and the connecting arm structure reduces deformation and reduced elasticity caused by excessively thick metal plates. The conductive contact portion contacts and mates with the connecting arm and is electrically connected. The connecting arm clamps the plug-in terminal, securing it to the plug-in terminal and ensuring a large contact area between them, ensuring connection reliability and conductive effect. The plug-in terminal can ensure a stable clamping structure, reduce deformation, and increase the strength of the connecting arm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The following drawings are intended only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0016] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a plug-in terminal and a mating terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] FIG2 is a front view of the plug terminal provided by the present invention;

[0018] 3 to 5 are schematic structural diagrams of terminal stacks in the plug-in terminal provided by the present invention;

[0019] 6-7 are schematic diagrams of plugging together another embodiment of the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more.

[0021] Option 1

[0022] The present invention provides a plug-in terminal, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which includes a terminal stack 10, the terminal stack 10 includes at least two connecting arms 20, the connecting arms 20 include an overhanging end 21 and a fixed end 22, the fixed ends 22 of each connecting arm 20 are fixed together, and a plug-in slot 23 is provided between two adjacent connecting arms 20; the connecting arm 20 is provided with a conductive contact portion 31.

[0023] In one embodiment, the conductive contact portion 31 is arranged inside the plug-in slot 23, and the plug-in terminal 50 can be plugged into the plug-in terminal. The plug-in terminal 50 can be plugged into the plug-in slot 23. During the insertion, the conductive contact portion 31 contacts the plug-in terminal 50 and realizes electrical connection, which can ensure the reliability of the connection and the conductive effect.

[0024] Preferably, the conductive contact portions 31 are provided on both sides of the plug slot 23 , and can respectively contact and electrically connect with the two side surfaces of the plug terminal 50 , thereby increasing the contact area and achieving a better conductive effect.

[0025] Preferably, the conductive contact portions 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the plug-in slot 23. In order to enable the conductive contact portions 31 to better clamp the plug-in terminal 50, the conductive contact portions 31 relative to each other in the plug-in slot 23 are symmetrically arranged, which can make the stress correspond and achieve a better clamping effect.

[0026] In one embodiment, the plug-in terminal 50 can be plugged into and mated with the plug-in terminal. The plug-in terminal includes multiple terminal stacks 10, which are stacked one on top of the other. The plug-in terminal 50 can be inserted into the insertion slot 23, with the conductive contact portion 31 engaging and electrically connecting with the connecting arm 20. The connecting arm 20 clamps the plug-in terminal, securing the plug-in terminal 50 and the plug-in terminal together and creating a large contact area between the two, ensuring connection reliability and conductive performance. This plug-in terminal ensures a stable clamping structure, reduces deformation, and increases the strength of the connecting arm 20.

[0027] In one embodiment, the terminal stack 10 is formed by stamping or cutting sheet material. The terminal stack 10 is in a thin sheet shape. The stacked arrangement of the terminal stacks 10 in the plug-in terminal provides the plug-in terminal with high mechanical connection performance while ensuring the conductive connection between the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50. The sheet material stamping or cutting process is simple and mature, allowing for rapid and large-scale production of the terminal stack 10, saving processing costs and improving production efficiency.

[0028] The mating terminal 50 that mates with this plug-in terminal can be in the form of a sheet or plate. By adjusting the width of the connecting arm 20 or the number of terminal stacks 10, the clamping force can be controlled to facilitate the mating terminal 50's adaptation and meet various mating requirements. By using connecting arms 20 of different sizes, different shapes of mating terminals 50 can be accommodated.

[0029] As shown in FIG2 , the terminal stack 10 includes two connecting arms 20, with a plug-in slot 23 formed between the two connecting arms 20. The plug-in terminal 50 can be plugged into the plug-in slot 23. The number of connecting arms 20 in the terminal stack 10 can be two or more. The terminal stack 10 includes multiple plug-in slots 23, and multiple plug-in terminals 50 can be plugged into the plug-in terminal at the same time.

[0030] In one embodiment, the terminal stack 10 includes a terminal fixing portion 40 , and the fixing end 22 of each connecting arm 20 is fixed to the terminal fixing portion 40 . The connecting arm 20 is connected to the cable through the terminal fixing portion 40 , thereby ensuring a stable electrical connection.

[0031] In one embodiment, the terminal fixing portions 40 of two adjacent terminal stacks 10 are connected together by crimping, welding, screwing, or riveting.

[0032] Crimping is a production process in which adjacent terminal fixing portions 40 are assembled and then pressed together using a crimping machine. The advantage of crimping is its mass production capability. By using an automatic crimping machine, it is possible to quickly produce large quantities of stable quality products.

[0033] Welding is performed by friction welding, resistance welding, ultrasonic welding, arc welding, pressure welding, laser welding, explosion welding, etc., so that adjacent terminal fixing parts 40 are melted into a whole through metal welding points, so the connection is firm and the contact resistance is small.

[0034] The threaded connection is that the adjacent terminal fixing parts 40 have a threaded structure and can be screwed together, or connected together using a separate stud and nut. The advantage of the threaded connection is detachability, which can be repeatedly assembled and disassembled, and is suitable for scenes that require frequent disassembly.

[0035] Riveting is to use rivets to rivet adjacent terminal fixing parts 40 together. The advantages of riveting are firm connection, simple processing method and easy operation.

[0036] The terminal fixing portion 40 is not limited to one structural form. Form one: the terminal fixing portion 40 is an integrally formed structure, with the fixed end 22 of each connecting arm 20 separately fixed to the terminal fixing portion 40. Form two: the terminal fixing portion 40 is a portion of the connecting arm 20. In each connecting arm 20, the terminal fixing portion 40 and the connecting arm 20 are integrally structured, and multiple terminal fixing portions 40 are stacked in the plug-in terminal.

[0037] In one embodiment, the connecting arms 20 of two adjacent terminal stacks 10 are in contact and fit with each other, and relative sliding can occur between the connecting arms 20 of each terminal stack 10, so that each terminal stack 10 maintains its own clamping force and can utilize the uneven surface of the plug-in terminal to improve the stability of the connection.

[0038] When the plug-in terminal 50 is inserted into the insertion slot 23, the connecting arm 20 can undergo elastic deformation, utilizing the elastic force to clamp the plug-in terminal 50. Furthermore, the connecting arm 20 includes a deformation portion 33, and the conductive contact portion 31 and the deformation portion 33 are sequentially distributed along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22. The inner wall of the deformation portion 33 is inclined inward along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22 to facilitate deformation of the connecting arm 20, facilitate insertion and removal of the plug-in terminal 50, and enhance the clamping strength of the plug-in terminal 50. The overhanging end 21 of the connecting arm 20 is provided with a chamfer or rounded shape to facilitate insertion and mating with the plug-in terminal 50.

[0039] In one embodiment, the connecting arm 20 is provided with a scraping portion 32. As shown in FIG2 , the scraping portion 32 and the conductive contact portion 31 are sequentially distributed along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22. When the plug-in terminal 50 is inserted into the plug-in slot 23, the scraping portion 32 can scrape foreign matter or oxides on the surface of the plug-in terminal 50, exposing the conductive surface of the plug-in terminal 50 and improving the electrical performance.

[0040] Furthermore, the scraping portion 32 extends along the thickness direction 100 of the terminal stack 10. When the plug-in terminal 50 is inserted into the insertion slot 23, the movement direction of the plug-in terminal 50 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the scraping portion 32, which facilitates the scraping portion 32 to scrape the plug-in terminal 50. The scraping portion 32 has a triangular cross-section, which enhances the scraping effect.

[0041] In one embodiment, the highest point of the scraping portion 32 relative to the overhanging end 21 is not higher than the highest point of the conductive contact portion 31 relative to the overhanging end 21. When the plug-in terminal 50 is plugged into the plug slot 23, the scraping portion 32 and the conductive contact portion 31 are sequentially distributed along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22. Therefore, the scraping portion 32 first contacts the plug-in terminal 50, and then the conductive contact portion 31 contacts the plug-in terminal 50. If the highest point of the scraping portion 32 relative to the overhanging end 21 is higher than the highest point of the conductive contact portion 31 relative to the overhanging end If the highest point of the overhanging end 21 is the highest point of the scraping portion 32, the highest point of the overhanging end 21 will be the highest point of the scraping portion 32. The conductive contact portion 31 cannot contact the plug-in terminal 50, and thus cannot conduct current. Because the contact area between the scraping portion 32 and the plug-in terminal 50 is much smaller than the contact area between the conductive contact portion 31 and the plug-in terminal 50, the contact resistance between the plug-in terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 will increase sharply, increasing the conduction current and causing the contact point temperature to rise. In severe cases, it may cause the plug-in structure to burn out, resulting in serious consequences. Therefore, the highest point of the scraping portion 32 relative to the overhanging end 21 should not be higher than the highest point of the conductive contact portion 31 relative to the overhanging end 21.

[0042] In one embodiment, the length of the scraping portion 32 along the direction from the overhang end 21 to the fixed end 22 accounts for 3%-55% of the length of the overhang end 21. The scraping portion 32 can scrape foreign matter or oxides from the surface of the plug-in terminal 50, but it cannot primarily conduct current. The conductive contact portion 31 still primarily conducts current. The greater the length of the scraping portion 32 as a proportion of the length of the overhang end 21, the smaller the length of the conductive contact portion 31 as a proportion of the length of the overhang end 21, making it less effective in conducting current. Furthermore, if the length of the scraping portion 32 as a proportion of the length of the overhang end 21 is too small, the force-bearing portion of the scraping portion 32 will be too small. After multiple insertions, the scraping portion 32 will deform due to the insertion force and friction, failing to remove foreign matter or oxides from the surface of the plug-in terminal 50.

[0043] In order to verify the effect of the length of the scraping portion 32 along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22 and its ratio to the length of the overhanging end 21 on the conductivity and deformation frequency of the plug-in structure, the inventors selected the same plug-in terminal 50 and used plug-in terminals with different ratios of the length of the scraping portion 32 to the length of the overhanging end 21. After the plug-in terminal 50 was plugged into the plug-in terminal, the plug-in structure was energized and the conductivity of the corresponding plug-in point was tested. The plug-in terminal 50 was plugged into the plug-in terminal 1000 times, and the deformation of the scraping portion 32 was observed every 10 times. If the scraping portion 32 was deformed, the test was stopped and the number of times was recorded. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0044] In this embodiment, the conductivity is greater than 99% which is an ideal value. The number of insertions when the scraping portion 32 is deformed is less than 800 times which is unqualified.

[0045] Table 1, the effect of different ratios of the length of the scraping portion 32 to the length of the overhanging end 21 on the conductivity:

[0046]

[0047] It can be seen from the above table that when the length of the scraping portion 32 accounts for less than 3% of the length of the overhanging end 21, the conductivity of the plug-in structure is qualified, but the number of plug-in times when the scraping portion 32 is deformed is less than the qualified value. When the length of the scraping portion 32 accounts for more than 55% of the length of the overhanging end 21, since the conductive contact portion 31 accounts for a small proportion, the conductivity of the plug-in structure is less than the qualified value. Therefore, based on comprehensive considerations, the inventor will set the length of the scraping portion 32 along the direction from the overhanging end 21 to the fixed end 22 to account for 3%-55% of the length of the overhanging end 21.

[0048] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG2 , the conductive contact portion 31 is extended along the thickness direction 100 of the terminal stack 10 , and the cross-section of the conductive contact portion 31 is arc-shaped, trapezoidal, or corrugated, so that the conductive contact portion 31 is more tightly connected to the plug-in terminal 50 , thereby improving the conductive performance.

[0049] As shown in Figure 2, conductive contact portions 31 are provided on the connecting arms 20 on either side of the same insertion slot 23. In one embodiment, the conductive contact portions 31 on either side of the same insertion slot 23 are positioned opposite each other, ensuring a tighter connection between the mating terminal 50 and the mating terminal. In another embodiment, the conductive contact portions 31 on either side of the same insertion slot 23 are staggered, increasing the contact area between the mating terminal 50 and the mating terminal.

[0050] Furthermore, the terminal fixing portion 40 has a bending extension portion 41 arranged in a plane or a non-plane, and the bending angle is within 0°-180° to facilitate adaptation to different wiring direction requirements. As shown in Figures 3 to 7, the terminal fixing portion 40 includes a main body and a bending extension portion 41. The terminal fixing portion 40 can be formed into various angles between the main body and the bending extension portion 41 by stamping or cutting. As shown in Figure 3, the bending extension portion 41 and the main body are in the same plane, and the bending angle between the extension directions of the two is preferably 90°. As shown in Figures 4 and 5 to 7, the bending extension portion 41 and the main body are not in the same plane, and the bending extension portion 41 is bent and extended in a non-plane, and the bending angle between the extension directions of the two is preferably 90°.

[0051] In some embodiments, the material of the terminal stack 10 contains tellurium, and the main body of the terminal stack 10 is a tellurium-copper alloy, which makes the terminal have good electrical conductivity and easy cutting performance, ensures electrical performance, and improves processability.

[0052] Furthermore, the tellurium content in the material of the terminal stack 10 is 0.1% to 5%, which ensures electrical conductivity and excellent elasticity of the tellurium copper alloy. Preferably, the tellurium content in the tellurium copper alloy is 0.2% to 1.2%.

[0053] The inventors tested 10 terminal stacks 10 of identical shape. Each stack 10 had the same dimensions, and the number of stacks 10 in the plug-in terminal was equal. The stacks 10 were all made of a tellurium-copper alloy, with tellurium contents of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 6%, and 7%, respectively. After plugging the plug-in terminal into the plug-in terminal and applying power to the plug-in structure, the electrical conductivity of the corresponding plug-in locations was tested. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0054] In this embodiment, a conductivity greater than 99% is an ideal value.

[0055] Table 2, the effect of different tellurium contents on the conductivity of tellurium copper alloys:

[0056]

[0057] As can be seen from Table 2, when the tellurium content is less than 0.1% or greater than 5%, the conductivity decreases significantly and cannot meet the ideal conductivity requirements. When the tellurium content is greater than or equal to 0.2% and less than or equal to 1.2%, the conductivity is the best. When the tellurium content is greater than 1.2% and less than or equal to 5%, although the conductivity meets the ideal value requirements, the trend is gradually decreasing, and the conductivity will also decrease. Therefore, the inventors selected a tellurium copper alloy with a tellurium content of 0.1%-5%. In the most ideal case, a tellurium copper alloy with a tellurium content of 0.2%-1.2% is selected.

[0058] In some embodiments, the terminal stack 10 includes beryllium in its body material. The terminal stack 10 is made of a beryllium copper alloy, which provides the terminal stack 10 with high hardness, elastic limit, fatigue limit, and wear resistance, as well as good corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity, and does not generate sparks when impacted.

[0059] Furthermore, the beryllium content in the main body material of the micro-vibration terminal is 0.05% to 5%.

[0060] Furthermore, the beryllium content in the main body material of the micro-vibration terminal is 0.1% to 3.5%.

[0061] To test the effect of beryllium content on terminal conductivity, the inventors selected 10 terminal stacks 10 of identical shape and expansion / contraction gap width for testing. Each terminal contained beryllium at various concentrations, including 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.8%, 3%, 3.5%, 5%, and 6%. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0062] Table 3, Effect of different beryllium contents on conductivity:

[0063]

[0064] As shown in Table 3, when the beryllium content is less than 0.05% or greater than 5%, the conductivity decreases significantly, failing to meet practical requirements. When the beryllium content is greater than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 3.5%, the conductivity is optimal. Therefore, the inventors selected a terminal laminate 10 with a beryllium content of 0.05%-5%. Preferably, in the most ideal case, a terminal laminate 10 with a beryllium content of 0.1%-3.5% is selected.

[0065] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the surface of the terminal stack 10 is plated to improve corrosion resistance, enhance electrical conductivity, increase the number of plug-in connections, and thus extend the service life of the plug-in structure. In one embodiment, the conductive contact portion 31 is plated, and the plated layer on the surface of the conductive contact portion 31 is a first plated layer.

[0066] In one embodiment, a plating layer is provided on the surface of the scraping portion 32 , and the plating layer on the surface of the scraping portion 32 is a second plating layer.

[0067] In one embodiment, the surface of the connecting arm 20 other than the conductive contact portion 31 and the scraping portion 32 is provided with a plating layer, and the plating layer on the surface of the connecting arm 20 other than the conductive contact portion 31 and the scraping portion 32 is a third plating layer.

[0068] In one embodiment, a plating layer is provided on the surface of the terminal fixing portion 40 , and the plating layer on the surface of the terminal fixing portion 40 is a fourth plating layer.

[0069] Furthermore, the material of the first coating layer, the material of the second coating layer, the material of the third coating layer and the material of the fourth coating layer are different, that is, the material of at least one of the first coating layer, the second coating layer, the third coating layer and the fourth coating layer is different from the other materials, which can be

[0070] The material of the first coating is different from the materials of the other three coatings, and the materials of the other three coatings are the same; or

[0071] The material of the second coating is different from the materials of the other three coatings, and the materials of the other three coatings are the same; or

[0072] The material of the third coating is different from the materials of the other three coatings, and the materials of the other three coatings are the same; or

[0073] The material of the fourth coating is different from that of the other three coatings, and the materials of the other three coatings are the same.

[0074] The material of the first plating layer is the same as the material of the second plating layer, the material of the third plating layer is the same as the material of the fourth plating layer, and the material of the first plating layer is different from the material of the third plating layer; or

[0075] The material of the first plating layer is the same as the material of the third plating layer, the material of the second plating layer is the same as the material of the fourth plating layer, and the material of the first plating layer is different from the material of the second plating layer; or

[0076] The material of the first plating layer is the same as that of the fourth plating layer, the material of the second plating layer is the same as that of the third plating layer, and the material of the first plating layer is different from that of the second plating layer.

[0077] Furthermore, the thickness of the first coating layer, the thickness of the second coating layer, the thickness of the third coating layer and the thickness of the fourth coating layer are different, that is, the thickness of at least one of the first coating layer, the second coating layer, the third coating layer and the fourth coating layer is different from the others, which can be:

[0078] The thickness of the first coating is different from the thickness of the other three coatings, and the thickness of the other three coatings are the same; or

[0079] The thickness of the second coating is different from the thickness of the other three coatings, and the thickness of the other three coatings are the same; or

[0080] The thickness of the third coating is different from the thickness of the other three coatings, and the thickness of the other three coatings are the same; or

[0081] The thickness of the fourth coating is different from the thickness of the other three coatings, and the thickness of the other three coatings is the same. It can also be:

[0082] The thickness of the first coating is the same as the thickness of the second coating, the material of the third coating is the same as the thickness of the fourth coating, and the thickness of the first coating is different from the thickness of the third coating; or

[0083] The thickness of the first plating layer is the same as the thickness of the third plating layer, the material of the second plating layer is the same as the thickness of the fourth plating layer, and the thickness of the first plating layer is different from the thickness of the second plating layer; or,

[0084] The thickness of the first plating layer is the same as that of the fourth plating layer, the material of the second plating layer is the same as that of the third plating layer, and the thickness of the first plating layer is different from that of the second plating layer.

[0085] Furthermore, the material of the third coating is the same as that of the fourth coating, and the material of the first coating or the second coating is different from that of the third coating, that is, the material of the first coating is different from that of the third coating, or the material of the second coating is different from that of the third coating.

[0086] Furthermore, the thickness of the third coating is the same as the thickness of the fourth coating, and the thickness of the first coating or the second coating is different from the thickness of the third coating, that is, the thickness of the first coating is different from the thickness of the third coating, or the thickness of the second coating is different from the thickness of the third coating.

[0087] It should be noted that different metal coatings produce different conductive effects and corrosion resistance. More expensive metal coatings have better conductive effects and corrosion resistance, allowing for more frequent plugging and unplugging, and can be used in more complex environments, resulting in a longer service life. However, their high price also limits the use of these metal coatings. Therefore, the inventors use gold, silver, silver-antimony alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, palladium-nickel alloy, tin-lead alloy, or silver-gold-zirconium alloy as coating materials in locations that are frequently plugged and unplugged or exposed to the environment. Conversely, in locations that are less frequently plugged and unplugged and less exposed to the environment, they use less expensive materials as coating materials. For example, a metal with better conductive effects and corrosion resistance, but more expensive, is used as the coating material on the conductive contact portion 31, while a less expensive material is used as the coating material on the terminal fixing portion 40.

[0088] It should be noted that some areas of the terminal stack 10 are frequently plugged and unplugged and are exposed to the environment in which they are used. The plating is subject to scratching and corrosion from the external environment. If the plating is thin, it will be easily scratched or corroded during use. Therefore, the inventors provide thicker plating in these locations to increase the scratch and corrosion resistance of the plug end, such as on the conductive contact portion 31 and the scraping portion 32. At the same time, in other areas, since they are not scratched and are not exposed to the environment in which they are used, thinner plating can be used, thereby reducing costs, such as on the terminal fixing portion 40.

[0089] In one embodiment, the coating can be provided on the terminal stack 10 by electroplating, chemical plating, magnetron sputtering or vacuum plating. The electroplating method is a process of plating a thin layer of other metals or alloys on the metal surface using the principle of electrolysis. The chemical plating method is a process of depositing metals through a controllable redox reaction under the catalytic action of the metal. The magnetron sputtering method uses the interaction between the magnetic field and the electric field to make electrons run in a spiral shape near the target surface, thereby increasing the probability of electrons colliding with argon gas to produce ions. The generated ions collide with the target surface under the action of the electric field, thereby sputtering out the target material. The vacuum plating method is to deposit various metal and non-metallic films on the surface of the part by distillation or sputtering under vacuum conditions.

[0090] In one embodiment, the plating material contains one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloy. Copper, as an active metal, will undergo oxidation reactions with oxygen and water during use. Therefore, one or more inactive metals are required as plating to extend the service life of the plug-in terminal. In addition, for metal contacts that need to be frequently plugged in and out, a good wear-resistant metal is also required as a plating, which can greatly increase the service life of the contacts. In addition, the contacts need to have good electrical conductivity. The conductivity and stability of the above metals are better than those of copper or copper alloys, which can enable the plug-in terminals to obtain better electrical performance and longer service life.

[0091] To demonstrate the impact of different plating materials on the overall performance of terminals, the inventors used plug-in terminal samples of the same specifications and material, but with different plating materials, and conducted a series of plug-in and pull-out cycle and corrosion resistance tests using aluminum flat strips of the same specifications. To demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the selected materials and other commonly used electroplating materials, the inventors also used tin, nickel, and zinc as plating materials in the experiments. The experimental results are shown in Table 4.

[0092] The plugging and unplugging times listed in Table 4 were calculated by fixing the terminals to a test bench and using a mechanical device to simulate the plugging and unplugging of the aluminum flat strip. After every 100 plugging and unplugging cycles, the test was stopped to observe damage to the terminal surface coating. If scratches appeared on the terminal surface coating, exposing the terminal material, the test was stopped and the plugging and unplugging times at that time were recorded. In this example, a plugging and unplugging time of less than 8,000 cycles was considered unacceptable.

[0093] The corrosion resistance time test in Table 4 involved placing the plug terminals in a salt spray test chamber and spraying salt spray at various locations. The terminals were removed for cleaning and observed for surface corrosion every 20 hours. This constituted a cycle. Testing was stopped until the surface corrosion area of ​​the terminals exceeded 10% of the total area. The cycle count was then recorded. In this example, a cycle count of less than 80 was considered unsatisfactory.

[0094] As can be seen from Table 4, when the coating material contains the commonly used metals tin, nickel, and zinc, the experimental results are not as good as those of other selected metals. The nickel coating passed the plug-in and pull-out test, but not by much, and also passed the salt spray test. The experimental results using other metals exceeded the standard values ​​by a large margin, and the performance was relatively stable. Therefore, the inventors selected coating materials containing one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloy.

[0095] Table 4, the effects of different plating materials on terminal plug-in and pull-out times and corrosion resistance:

[0096]

[0097] In some embodiments, the plating layer includes a bottom layer and a surface layer, and the plating layer adopts a multi-layer plating method. After the terminal laminate 10 is processed, there are still many gaps and holes under the surface microscopic interface. These gaps and holes are the biggest cause of wear and corrosion of the terminal laminate 10 during use. In this embodiment, a bottom layer is first plated on the surface of the terminal laminate 10 to fill the gaps and holes on the surface, so that the surface of the terminal laminate 10 is smooth and without holes, and then the surface layer is plated. The combination will be more firm and smoother, and the plating surface will have no gaps and holes, so that the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and electrical performance of the plug-in terminal are better, which greatly extends the service life of the plug-in terminal.

[0098] In another embodiment, the base material contains one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead alloy and zinc; the surface material contains one or more of gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead alloy, silver-antimony alloy, palladium, palladium-nickel alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver and silver-gold-zirconium alloy.

[0099] In another embodiment, the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.01 μm to 12 μm. Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.1 μm to 9 μm.

[0100] In another embodiment, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5 μm to 50 μm. Preferably, the thickness of the surface layer is 1 μm to 35 μm.

[0101] To demonstrate the effect of variations in bottom plating thickness on the overall performance of plug-in terminals, the inventors conducted a series of temperature rise and corrosion resistance time tests using plug-in terminals 50 of the same specifications and material, but with different nickel-plated bottom layer thicknesses and the same silver-plated surface layer thickness. The experimental results are shown in Table 5.

[0102] The temperature rise test in Table 5 is to pass the same current through the plug structure, measure the temperature of the same position of the plug terminal before power is applied and after the temperature is stabilized in a closed environment, and take the absolute value of the difference. In this embodiment, a temperature rise greater than 50K is considered unqualified.

[0103] Table 5, the effect of different bottom coating thickness on temperature rise and corrosion resistance:

[0104]

[0105] The corrosion resistance time test in Table 5 involved placing the plug-in terminals in a salt spray test chamber and spraying salt spray at various locations. The terminals were removed for cleaning and observed for surface corrosion every 20 hours. This constituted a cycle. Testing was stopped when the surface corrosion area exceeded 10% of the total terminal area. The cycle count was then recorded. In this example, a cycle count of less than 80 was considered unsatisfactory.

[0106] As can be seen from Table 5, when the thickness of the underlying nickel plating layer is less than 0.01 μm, the temperature rise of the plug-in structure is qualified, but because the plating layer is too thin, the number of corrosion resistance cycles of the plug-in terminal is less than 80, which does not meet the performance requirements of the terminal. This has a great impact on the overall performance and life of the plug-in structure. In severe cases, it causes a sudden reduction in product life or even failure, leading to a combustion accident. When the thickness of the underlying nickel plating layer is greater than 12 μm, due to the thick underlying plating layer, the heat generated by the plug-in structure cannot be dissipated, making the temperature rise of the plug-in structure unqualified. Moreover, the thicker the plating layer, the easier it is to fall off from the surface of the terminal stack 10, resulting in a decrease in the number of corrosion resistance cycles. Therefore, the inventors selected a bottom plating layer thickness of 0.01 μm to 12 μm.

[0107] Preferably, the inventors found that when the thickness of the underlying coating is 0.1 μm to 9 μm, the combined effect of temperature rise and corrosion resistance of the plug-in structure is better. Therefore, in order to further improve the safety, reliability and practicality of the product itself, the thickness of the underlying coating is preferably 0.1 μm to 9 μm.

[0108] In order to demonstrate the impact of changes in surface plating thickness on the overall performance of the plug-in structure, the inventors used plug-in terminal samples with the same specifications and materials, the same nickel-plated base thickness, and different silver-plated surface thicknesses. They also conducted a series of temperature rise and corrosion resistance time tests using plug-in terminals of the same specifications. The experimental method was the same as the above experimental method. The experimental results are shown in Table 6.

[0109] Table 6, the effect of different surface coating thickness on temperature rise and corrosion resistance:

[0110]

[0111] As can be seen from Table 6, when the thickness of the surface silver plating layer is less than 0.5 μm, although the temperature rise of the plug-in structure is qualified, the number of corrosion resistance cycles of the plug-in terminal is less than 80 due to the thin coating, which does not meet the performance requirements of the terminal. This has a great impact on the overall performance and life of the plug-in structure. In severe cases, it causes a sharp reduction in product life or even failure, leading to a combustion accident. When the thickness of the surface silver plating layer is greater than 50 μm, due to the thick surface coating, the heat generated by the terminal cannot be dissipated, resulting in an unqualified temperature rise. Moreover, the thick coating is more likely to fall off from the terminal surface, resulting in a decrease in the number of corrosion resistance cycles. In addition, since the surface coating metal is more expensive, using a thicker coating does not improve performance and has no use value. Therefore, the inventors selected a surface silver plating layer thickness of 0.5 μm to 50 μm. Preferably, the inventors found that when the surface coating thickness is 1 μm to 35 μm, the combined effect of the terminal's temperature rise and corrosion resistance is better. Therefore, in order to further improve the safety, reliability and practicality of the product itself, the surface coating thickness is preferably 1 μm to 35 μm.

[0112] In some preferred embodiments, the coating on the overhanging end 21 is made of a different material than the coating on the fixed end 22. As can be seen from the above description, different metal coatings yield different conductive effects and corrosion resistance. More expensive metal coatings have better conductive effects and corrosion resistance, allowing for more frequent plugging and unplugging, and allowing for use in more complex environments, resulting in a longer service life. However, their high price also limits the use of these metal coatings. Therefore, the inventors use gold, silver, silver-antimony alloy, graphite silver, graphene silver, palladium-nickel alloy, tin-lead alloy, or silver-gold-zirconium alloy as the coating material for the overhanging end 21, which is exposed to the environment and frequently plugged and unplugged. The fixed end 22 is connected to the wire and, after connection, there is essentially no relative displacement. Furthermore, the fixed end 22 is generally protected within the plastic housing and is not exposed to the environment. Therefore, the inventors use commonly used metals such as tin, nickel, and zinc as the coating material for the fixed end 22 to reduce the cost of the connection structure.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the minimum width of the connecting arm 20 to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 is 0.5-10. The terminal stack 10 needs to be elastic in order to be plugged into the plug-in terminal 50. Only when the ratio of the width to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 of the terminal stack 10 does not exceed a certain range can it be of practical use. Because when this ratio is too large, that is, the thickness is too small, the overall strength of the terminal stack 10 is too small, and more terminal stacks 10 are required to meet actual needs, which means more working time is required. When the ratio is too large, that is, the thickness is too large, the terminal stack 10 is not easily deformed and affects the plug-in connection with the plug-in terminal 50.

[0114] To verify the effect of the ratio of the minimum width of the connecting arm 20 to its thickness on terminal performance, the inventors conducted tests. The test method was as follows: the inventors used the same mating terminal 50 and different terminal stacks 10, each with a connecting arm 20 of the same width but varying thicknesses. The different terminal stacks 10 were tested for mating with the mating terminal 50. Terminals with excessively thick connecting arms 20, or excessively thin arms that were irreversibly deformed, failed the test; the remaining terminals passed. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0115] It can be seen from Table 7 that when the ratio of the minimum width to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 is less than 0.5, the connecting arm 20 will be deformed during the plug-in process, resulting in the terminal stack 10 being discarded; when the ratio of the minimum width to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 is greater than 10, plug-in cannot be performed. Therefore, the inventor prefers that the ratio of the minimum width of the connecting arm 20 to the thickness of the connecting arm 20 is 0.5-10.

[0116] Table 7, the influence of the ratio of the minimum width of the connecting arm to the thickness of the connecting arm on the terminal insertion:

[0117]

[0118] In some preferred embodiments, the gap between the connecting arms of two adjacent terminal stacks 10 is less than 0.2 mm. One purpose of setting a gap between the terminal stacks 10 is to allow air circulation between the adjacent connecting arms 20, which can reduce the temperature rise between the plug-in terminal 50 and the plug-in terminal, protect the plating, and extend the service life of the plug-in structure. Another purpose is to release the elasticity of the connecting arm 20 itself, ensure the clamping force between the relative connecting arms 20, and thus ensure the plug-in force. However, the gap between adjacent connecting arms 20 is not the larger the better. When the gap between the connecting arms 20 of two adjacent terminal stacks is greater than 0.2 mm, it does not increase its heat dissipation function. Instead, it makes the connecting arms 20 with the same contact area occupy a larger width, wasting space. In addition, since the terminal fixing parts are fitted together, the connecting arms 20 with the same contact area will consume more volume of the plug-in terminal 50, thereby increasing the amount of terminals used and the cost of the plug-in structure.

[0119] In some embodiments, the connecting arm 20 is at least partially made of a memory alloy. Memory alloy is a type of smart metal with memory. Its microstructure has two relatively stable states. At high temperatures, the alloy can be formed into any desired shape. At lower temperatures, the alloy can be stretched, but if it is reheated, it will remember its original shape and return to its original shape. The crystal structure of the memory alloy is different above and below its transformation temperature. However, when the temperature fluctuates above and below the transformation temperature, the memory alloy will contract or expand, causing its shape to change.

[0120] In some embodiments, the transformation temperature of the memory alloy is 40°C-70°C. When the temperature of the connecting arm 20 is lower than the transformation temperature, the multiple connecting arms 20 are in an expanded state; when the temperature of the connecting arm 20 is higher than the transformation temperature, the multiple connecting arms are in a clamped state.

[0121] Generally, the transformation temperature is selected between 40℃-70℃, because if the transformation temperature is lower than 40℃, the ambient temperature of the plug-in terminal will reach close to 40℃ when no current is conducted. At this time, the multiple connecting arms 20 will be in a clamped state, the plug-in terminal slot will become smaller, and the aluminum flat strip cannot be inserted into the slot, which will cause the plug-in structure of the aluminum flat strip and the terminal to be unable to be plugged in, and it will be unable to work.

[0122] At room temperature, the plug-in terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 begin to conduct electricity after being plugged in. Since the multiple connecting arms 20 are in an expanded state at the beginning of the plug-in, the contact area between the plug-in terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 is small and the current is large, which causes the connecting arms 20 to start heating up after plugging in. If the abnormal temperature is higher than 70°C, the terminal heating time is long, and the plug-in structure of the plug-in terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 is in a high current state for a long time, which is easy to cause electrical aging. In severe cases, overload and damage may occur, causing unnecessary losses.

[0123] Therefore, under normal circumstances, the transformation temperature of the memory alloy is set between 40℃-70℃.

[0124] Option 2

[0125] The present invention further provides a plug-in structure, comprising the above plug-in terminal and a mating terminal 50 plugged into the plug-in terminal.

[0126] Furthermore, the plugging force between the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50 is between 3N and 150N.

[0127] Furthermore, the plugging force between the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50 is between 10N and 95N.

[0128] In order to verify the influence of the plugging force between the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50 on the contact resistance and mating condition of the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50, the inventor selected a plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50 of the same shape and size, and designed the plugging force between the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50 to be different plugging forces to observe the contact resistance between the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50, as well as the condition after multiple mating.

[0129] The contact resistance is detected by using a micro-resistance meter to measure the resistance at the contact position between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 and read the value on the micro-resistance meter. In this embodiment, the contact resistance is less than 50 μΩ, which is an ideal value.

[0130] The plug-in terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 are plugged into each other 50 times, and the number of times the plug-in terminal falls off after plugging and the number of times the plug-in terminal cannot be plugged or unplugged are observed. The number of times the plug-in terminal falls off after plugging and unplugging is required to be less than 3 times, and the number of times the plug-in terminal cannot be plugged or unplugged is required to be less than 5 times.

[0131] Table 8, the impact of different plug-in forces between plug-in terminals and mating terminals on contact resistance and mating conditions:

[0132]

[0133] As can be seen from Table 8, when the insertion force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is less than 3N, the contact resistance between the two is higher than the ideal value due to the weak bonding force. At the same time, the number of times the plug terminal falls off after insertion and removal exceeds three times, indicating an unqualified state. When the insertion force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is greater than 150N, the number of times the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 cannot be inserted or removed exceeds five times, also indicating an unqualified state. Therefore, the inventors set the insertion force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 between 3N and 150N.

[0134] As can be seen from Table 8, when the plugging force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 is between 10N and 95N, there is neither falling off after plugging and unplugging nor being unable to plug and unplug, and the contact resistance value is also within the ideal value range. Therefore, preferably, the inventor sets the plugging force between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 to be between 10N and 95N.

[0135] In some embodiments, the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 is less than 9mΩ. Generally, a large current needs to be conducted. If the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 is greater than 9mΩ, a large temperature rise will occur at the contact position, and the temperature will become higher and higher as time goes by. Due to the different materials and thermal expansion coefficients of the plug terminal and the plug-in terminal 50, the mechanical deformation is asynchronous and generates internal stress. In severe cases, it will cause the coating to fall off, and the protection function cannot be achieved. At the same time, the excessive temperature of the plug terminal and the plug-in terminal 50, or the insulation layer of the wire connected to it, will cause the corresponding insulation layer to melt, and it will not play the role of insulation protection. In severe cases, it will cause a short circuit in the line, resulting in damage to the connection structure, or even safety accidents such as combustion. Therefore, the inventor sets the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the plug-in terminal 50 to be less than 9mΩ.

[0136] In order to verify the effect of the contact resistance between the plug-in terminal and the mating terminal 50 on the temperature rise and conductivity of the plug-in structure, the inventor selected the same mating terminal 50 and plug-in terminals with different contact resistances, and conducted conductivity and temperature rise tests.

[0137] The conductivity test is to plug the plug-in terminal 50 into the plug-in terminal, and then energize the plug-in structure to detect the conductivity of the corresponding plug-in point. In this embodiment, a conductivity greater than 99% is an ideal value.

[0138] The temperature rise test is to pass the same current through the plug structure, measure the temperature of the same position of the plug terminal before power on and after the temperature stabilizes in a closed environment, and take the absolute value of the difference. In this embodiment, a temperature rise greater than 50K is considered unqualified.

[0139] Table 9, the influence of contact resistance between different plug-in terminals and mating terminals on conductivity and temperature rise:

[0140]

[0141] As shown in Table 9, when the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 exceeds 9 mΩ, the temperature rise of the plug structure exceeds 50K. At the same time, the electrical conductivity of the plug structure is less than 99%, which does not meet the standard requirements. Therefore, the inventors set the contact resistance between the plug terminal and the mating terminal 50 to be less than 9 mΩ.

[0142] Option 3

[0143] The present invention also provides a motor vehicle comprising the above-mentioned plug-in terminal.

[0144] Option 4

[0145] The present invention also provides a motor vehicle comprising the above-mentioned plug-in structure.

[0146] The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

DEPCT6701 / 03 / 25671. A plug-in connector assembled with terminal laminates in which the terminal laminates are assembled with at least two connecting arms, each connecting arm assembled with a protruding end and a fixed end, the fixed ends of the connecting arms are fixed together, and a slot for insertion is provided between two adjacent connecting arms, and the protruding ends are provided with conductive contacts.

2. A plug-in connector according to claim 1 in which conductive contacts are provided within the slot for insertion.

3. A plug-in connector according to claim 2 in which conductive contacts are provided on both sides within the slot for insertion.

4. A plug-in connector according to claim 3 in which conductive contacts are provided symmetrically on both sides within the slot for insertion.

5. A plug-in connector according to claim 1 in which the plug-in connector is assembled with a number of terminal laminates which are stacked.6.

7. Plug-in connector under Reputation 1 where the connector laminate is formed by striking or cutting from the sheet.

8. Plug-in connector under Reputation 7 where the connector laminate is assembled with a fixed terminal section where the fixed ends of each connecting arm are firmly connected.

9. Plug-in connector under Reputation 1 where the fixed terminal section of two adjacent connector laminates is connected by crimp connection, weld connection, screw connection, rivet connection, or splice connection.

10. Plug-in connector under Reputation 1 where the connecting arms of two adjacent connector laminates are in proper contact.

11. Plug-in connector under Reputation 1 where the protruding end is provided with a friction joint and the friction joint and the conductive contact are arranged respectively in the direction from the protruding end to the fixed end.

11. Plug-in connectors under Reputation 10 where the rubbing portion is positioned to protrude in the direction of the thickness of the laminate forming the connector and the cross-section of the rubbing portion is triangular.

12. Plug-in connectors under Reputation 10 where the highest point of the rubbing portion relative to the protruding end is not higher than the highest point of the conductive contact relative to the protruding end.

13. Plug-in connectors under Reputation 10 where the length of the rubbing portion in the direction from the protruding end to the fixed end is 3% to 55% of the length of the protruding end.

14. Plug-in connectors under Reputation 1 where the conductive contact is positioned to protrude in the direction of the thickness of the laminate forming the connector and the cross-section of the conductive contact is trapezoidal or corrugated.

15. Plug-in connectors under Reputation 7 where the fixed portion of the connector includes a bending portion positioned planar or asymmetrically with a bending angle of 0 to 180 degrees. 16.

17. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 16 where the body material of the connector laminate is a copper tellurium alloy.

18. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 17. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 18 where the amount of tellurium in the body material of the connector laminate is 0.1% to 5%.

19. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 19 where the body material of the connector laminate contains beryllium.

20. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 18 where the amount of beryllium in the body material of the connector laminate is 0.05% to 5%.

21. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 10 where the amount of beryllium in the body material of the connector laminate is 0.1% to 3.5%.

22. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 10 where at least a portion of the surface of the connector laminate is provided with a plating layer and the conductive contacts are provided with a plating layer and the plating layer on the surface of the conductive contacts is the first plating layer.

22. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim clause 21 where the surface of the rubbing part is provided with a plating layer and the plating layer on the surface of the rubbing part is the second plating layer.

23. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim clause 22 where the surface of the connecting sleeve, excluding the conductive contacts and the rubbing part, is provided with a plating layer and the plating layer on the surface of the connecting sleeve, excluding the conductive contacts and the rubbing part, is the third plating layer.

24. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim clause 23 where the surface of the fixed part of the connector is provided with a plating layer and the plating layer on the surface of the fixed part of the connector is the fourth plating layer.

25. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim clause 24 where the material of the first, second, third, and fourth plating layers are different.

26. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim clause 24 where the thickness of the first, second, third, and fourth plating layers are different. 27.

28. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 25 where the material of the third plating layer is the same as the material of the fourth plating layer and the material of the first or second plating layer differs from the material of the third plating layer.

29. Plug-in connectors pursuant to claim 21 where the material of the third plating layer...

30. Plug-in connectors under claim 21 where the plating layer consists of a bottom layer and a surface layer.

31. Plug-in connectors under claim 21 where the plating layer is deposited on the connector laminate by electroplating, chemical plating, magnetron coating or vacuum plating. 32.Plug-in connectors under claim 30 where the bottom layer material consists of one or more selected types from gold, silver, nickel, tin, tin-lead, and zinc alloys; the substrate material consists of one or more selected types from gold, silver, nickel, tin, zinc, tin-lead, silver-antimony, palladium, palladium-nickel graphite, silver graphene, silver, and silver-gold-zirconium alloys.

33. Plug-in connectors under claim 30 where the bottom layer thickness is 0.01 micrometers.

34. Plug-in connectors under claim 30 where the thickness of the bottom layer is 0.1 micrometers to 9 micrometers.

35. Plug-in connectors under claim 30 where the thickness of the surface layer is 0.5 micrometers to 50 micrometers.

36. Plug-in connectors under claim 30 where the thickness of the surface layer is 1 micrometer to 35 micrometers.

37. Plug-in connectors under claim 1 where the ratio of the minimum width of the sleeve for the connection to the thickness of that is 0.5 to 10. 38.

39. A plug-in connector under Reputation 1 in which the gap between the connecting arms of two adjacent laminated connecting plates is less than 0.2 mm.

40. A plug-in connector under Reputation 39 in which the shape memory alloy has a transition temperature of 40°C to 70°C, where when the temperature of the connecting arm is below the transition temperature, a certain number of connecting arms are in an extended state, and when the temperature of the connecting arm is above the transition temperature, a certain number of connecting arms are in a clamped state.

41. A plug structure comprising any one of the plug-in connectors under Reputation 1 to 40 and a paired plug-in connector inserted into the plug-in connector.

42. A plug-in structure under Reputation 41 in which the insertion force between the plug-in connector and its paired plug-in connector is 3 N to 150 N. 43.

44. A plug-in structure under claim 41 where the contact resistance between a plug-in connector and a plug-in connector used in conjunction is 10 N to 95 N.

45. A vehicle with a motor incorporated with a plug-in connector under any of claims 1 to 40.

46. A vehicle with a motor incorporated with a plug-in structure under any of claims 41 to 44.

Images